Red spruce canopy response to acid fog exposure     

Richard Jagels  Mei Jiang  Susan Marden  Jonathan Carlisle 《Atmospheric Research》2002,64(1-4)

The health of red spruce is adversely affected by exposure to acid fog. Epicuticular wax structure over epistomatal chambers, mesophyll membrane calcium and changes in redox state of glutathione are affected in both chamber and field studies and are correlated with leaf exposure to acid fog, but not with soil or total leaf calcium concentrations. Experiments tracking fog deposition under conditions of illumination or darkness, with or without a metabolic inhibitor, support the mechanism of diffusiophoresis linked with photosynthetic gas exchange. Based on deposition pattern and leaf morphology, a stomatal pathway for water and hydrogen ion penetration to leaf interior is proposed. Ecophysiological parameters are discussed in relation to differential sensitivities of red spruce and white pine to ozone and acid fog.  相似文献   

Surface-penetrating flexible membrane wave barriers of finite draft     

W. K. Lee  Edmond Y. M. Lo   《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(14):1781-1804

The performance of surface-penetrating flexible membrane wave barriers of finite draft is studied. The interactions of a single membrane and dual membrane systems are examined with various system parameters. The analytical solutions are derived using eigenfunction expansions assuming linear wave theory and small membrane response. Wave transmission is determined for various combinations of membrane draft, protrusion above the water surface, membrane tension and membrane spacing. The numerical solutions are compared with data obtained from experiments conducted. Comparisons of transmission coefficient and energy loss show good agreement with suitably chosen parameters of viscous losses.  相似文献   

久效磷对海洋微藻细胞的活性氧伤害   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

唐学玺  于娟  李永祺 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(2):155-158

于1994年8月－1995年12月运用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法对有机磷农药－久效磷对海洋微藻的毒性机理进行了研究。结果结果，随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长，3种海洋微藻：扁藻、叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻细胞的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量不断提高，与此同时，3种微藻细胞的电解质外渗率也相应地增加。这说明在久效磷的胁压力下，微藻细胞内过量的活性氧引起细胞膜的膜脂过氧化伤害，导致细胞膜透性增加，电解质大量外渗，微藻细胞严重受害，进而生长受到抑制甚至死亡。  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹眼柄神经内分泌细胞胞吐分泌活动的实时监测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙金生  高春蕾  相建海 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(5):552-557

首次应用膜片钳技术 ,通过监测细胞膜电容变化的方法实时测定去极化电刺激诱导的单个中华绒螯蟹眼柄神经内分泌细胞释放甲壳动物高糖激素 (CHH)的胞吐分泌活动。结果表明 ,膜电容检测法适用于中华绒螯蟹眼柄神经内分泌细胞胞吐分泌活动的监测 ,在细胞的分泌过程中清晰地记录到膜电容的增加。膜电容的增加与去极化时间相关。去极化2 0ms,细胞的膜电容开始增加 ;2 2 0ms的去极化诱导细胞分泌CHH达到饱和 ,膜电容增加约(5 2 1± 3 6 )fF(n =5 )。不同幅值去极化电压诱导细胞分泌活动监测结果表明 ,只有当去极化电压超过钙离子通道激活阈值才会引起细胞膜电容的增加。这一结果提示中华绒螯蟹眼柄神经肽类激素为细胞外钙离子依赖性分泌。  相似文献   

Sludge Bulking Property of Membrane Bio-reactor in Albumen Wqastewater Treatment     

ZHANG Ying~ 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

Albumen wastewater was treated by Membrane Bio-reactor. Sludge bulking property of Membrane Bio-Reactor was investigated in this study through contrast research. When the sludge bulking appeared, the removal efficiency of COD in Membrane Bio-reactor increased slightly under the function of filamentous bacteria. However, the negative effects of the higher net water-head differential pressures,the higher block rate of membrane pore and the great quantity of filamentous bacteria at the externalsurface presented at the same time. Thus, plenty of methods should be performed to control sludge bulking once it happened in Membrane Bio-reactor.  相似文献   

Removal of Phosphate in Aqueous Solution by Permethylated Poly(ethyleneimine) Entfernung von Phosphat mit permethyliertem Poly(ethylenimin) in wäßriger Lösung     

V. Palmer  R. Zhou  K. E. Geckeler  E. Bayer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1994,22(5):231-235

The use of cationic, water-soluble, permethylated poly(ethyleneimine) (PMP) for the removal of phosphate ions was investigated using the Liquid-phase Polymer-based Retention (LPR) technique. The results showed that the retention values were dependent on the filtration factor (Z) and pH. In the presence of 10 mg/L phosphate and 1% PMP, 52% of the phosphate was retained at pH = 1.0 and 93% at pH = 8.5 for Z = 2. However only 11% of phosphate was retained at pH = 1.0 and 80% at pH = 8.5 for Z = 5. The maximum binding capacity of phosphate by 1% of PMP was 22 mg phosphate per gram of PMP at pH = 1.0 and 185 mg phosphate per gram of PMP at pH = 7.0. The influence of nitrate, chloride, and sulfate ions on the interaction of phosphate ions with PMP was also investigated. It was found that the interaction is strongly influenced by sulfate ions. In addition, viscosimetric measurements were performed and discussed.  相似文献   

Elimination of Swimming Pool Water Disinfection By‐products with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)     

Thomas Glauner  Fabian Kunz  Christian Zwiener  Fritz H. Frimmel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(6):585-594

Ozonation is a treatment step which was first applied in the 1960s in pool water treatment for disinfection as well as for oxidation of pool water contaminants. Contact time between ozone and pool water was identified to be of significance with an increased elimination efficiency regarding chloramines, trihalogenmethane formation potential and the permanganate index for longer reaction times. Oxidation via OH radicals might be the dominating pathway. In this study ozonation was compared with the ozone based advanced oxidation processes ozone/UV and ozone/hydrogen peroxide regarding the elimination efficiency of both disinfection by‐products (DBPs) and DBP precursors. It was observed that AOPs in comparison to ozonation showed an increased elimination efficiency regarding total organic carbon (TOC), the organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon (AOX) and AOX formation potential. A contact time of 3 minutes between pool water and oxidant turned out to be practically sufficient. Just for the trihalomethane (THM) formation potential ozonation showed a slight advantage compared to the AOPs because ozonation is a highly selective oxidant and OH radical reactions are known to produce small reactive molecules which are easier transformed to THMs. Combination of membrane filtration and AOPs resulted in an elimination of 10 to 90 % of the DBPs and their precursors. The ozone/hydrogen peroxide process is suggested for pool water treatment because of the higher elimination rates compared to ozonation and of economic reasons compared to the ozone/UV process.  相似文献   

Measurement of free heavy metal ion concentrations in soils using Donnan membrane technique     

易丽洪业汤  翁丽萍朱咏煊 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(2):184-188

In natural systems heavy metals are present in very low concentrations (less than micro-molar) , so precise measurement of the free metal ions is difficult. Recently, a new method has been developed called the Donnan membrane technique (DMT). Several heavy metals could be measured simultaneously using this method. Furthermore, all the metals did not interfere with each other, and the balance between the measured system and the surrounding condition could not be disturbed. Improvements were made according to the internal condition. The free heavy metal ion concentrations were measured in different systems using the improved method, and satisfied results have been obtained.  相似文献