不同辐射传输方案对中尺度降水影响的对比分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

周广强赵春生  丁守国秦瑜 《应用气象学报》2005,16(2):148-158

在MM5非静力稳定中尺度气象模式中引进了建立在δ-4流近似和相关-k分布基础上的对云水、雨水、冰晶和霰的辐射特性进行详细描述的辐射传输方案。新建立的辐射传输方案和MM5中原有的辐射传输方案在华南暴雨中的模拟结果相互比较，并与天气实况的对比表明:辐射在中尺度暴雨中起着重要的作用；辐射传输方案对云辐射特性描述的准确程度对于地面降水影响是明显的；不同的辐射传输方案对地面降水的影响存在较大的差异，并且这些差异在白天比在夜间明显；辐射传输过程对地面降水影响的差异主要表现在降水中心上，而对降水的地理分布改变很小；相对而言，不同的辐射传输方案之间对短波描述的差异对地面降水的影响明显，而对长波描述差异的影响不大；新辐射传输方案能够在一定程度上改进MM5对中尺度降水的模拟能力。  相似文献   

模式水平分辨率对祁连山区降水模拟影响的初步分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

李锁锁  吕世华  高艳红  张宇 《高原气象》2005,24(4):496-502

利用中尺度模式MM5V3．6，针对祁连山地区2002年7月14～17日的一次降水过程，设计了一组不同水平分辨率的试验进行数值模拟。并将模式结果与实测资料进行对比，结果表明：高水平分辨率对降水中心位置的模拟较好，但同时会产生虚假降水中心，且模拟的降水中心量值一般都大于实测值。而低水平分辨率对降水量值的模拟较好，但对降水中心位置的模拟没有高水平分辨率的好。  相似文献   

梅雨锋云系的结构特征及其成因分析   总被引：7，自引：9，他引：7  

姚秀萍  于玉斌  赵兵科 《高原气象》2005,24(6):1002-1011

利用逐时卫星遥感观测资料和地面测站的降水资料，分析了江淮流域2003年6月22～26日暴雨过程中梅雨锋云系的演变、结构特征和形成原因。结果表明，梅雨锋云系为一条TBB的低值带，稳定少动，其上分布着中尺度对流系统（MCS），而中尺度对流系统是由不同尺度、不同强度．的对流单体（包括中β和中γ尺度对流单体）组成的，从而使得梅雨锋云系产生不均匀的降水分布（包括时间上和空间上）。在该暴雨过程中，梅雨锋云系充分体现了中尺度对流系统中所包括的3类组织结构形式。梅雨锋云系与中高纬度云系或热带辐合带云系之间的相互作用与暴雨过程关系密切，梅雨锋云系的维持和发展与强大的黄淮气旋云系直接相关，它是江淮流域上空冷暖气流交汇的结果。  相似文献   

中尺度模式中的边界层特征量分析     

许丽人  赵鸣  汤剑平 《高原气象》2002,21(2):145-153

在中尺度数值天气预报模式MM4中，用level3及E-ε-l两种湍流闭合方法对原总体边界层参数化方案进行改进，使得中尺度模式中可以直接输出有关湍流量，并对地表通量参数化方案进行改进，进而对不同下势需如沙漠，植被上的有关湍流量和边界层特征量进行分析。研究中尺度系统中边界层结构的特征，本文主要从地表通量，湍流交换系数，湍流动能（q^2)，温度脉动方差（θ^2)及风温廓线等几个方面进行研究，结果表明，新方案能更好地反映边界层特征。  相似文献   

西北区东部一次暴雨的数值模拟试验   总被引：19，自引：23，他引：19  

王劲松  李耀辉  康凤琴  张华 《高原气象》2002,21(3):258-266

运用双向嵌套的中尺度数值预报模式MM5，对1998年7月上旬西北区东部一次暴雨过程进行了高分辨率数值模拟和敏感性试验。结果表明，该模式能较好地模拟这次暴雨过程，对这次暴雨过程相关的中尺度系统的发生发展也作出了较成功的模拟；大尺度及积云对流尺度的凝结潜热在降水过程中是一个主要因子，潜热释放将加热中高层大气，促使高层大气辐散，低层辐合，垂直运动加强，导致较大的降水；初始时刻不同地区低层大气水汽含量的多寡直接对本次暴雨产生影响，并为这次暴雨提供了水汽源；地面水汽和感热的垂直输送为暴雨的发生发展补充了能量。  相似文献   

Observations And Modelling Of The On-Ice And Off-Ice Air Flow Over The Northern Baltic Sea     

Timo Vihma  Burghard Brümmer 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(1):1-27

Two cases of on-ice and off-ice air flow characterizing the opposite weather situations over the ice-edge zone in the northern Baltic Sea are analysed on the basis of aircraft observations, and modelled using atwo-dimensional mesoscale model. The stable boundary layer (SBL) during theon-ice flow exhibited little thermal modification, but a low-level jet (LLJ) was generated at the 250-m high top of the SBL. In the model, the LLJ was associated with inertial oscillations in space, while the baroclinicity explained the shape of the wind profile well above the SBL. Although the observed LLJ was most pronounced over the ice, the modelling suggests that it was not generated by the ice edge but by the coastline some 400 km upwind of the ice edge, where a much more drastic change in the thermal stratification and surface roughness took place. The generation, maintenance, and strength of the LLJ were very sensitive to the parameterization of turbulent mixing in the SBL. In the case of the off-ice flow, the modification of the air mass and the development of a convective boundary layer (CBL) both over the ice and open sea were reasonably well modelled. Sensitivity runs suggested that it was essential to take into account the effects of subgrid-scale leads, a forest in the archipelago (which was crossed by the air flow), and water vapour condensationinto ice crystals. The heat flux from leads was particularly important for the heatbudget of the CBL, and the observed growth of the CBL was partly due to theeffective mixing over the rough and relatively warm forest.  相似文献   

A Case Study Of An On-Ice Air Flow Over The Arctic Marginal Sea-Ice Zone     

Timo Vihma  Jörg Hartmann  Christof Lüpkes 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,107(1):189-217

A case study of warm air advection over the Arctic marginalsea-ice zone is presented, based on aircraft observations with direct flux measurements carriedout in early spring, 1998. A shallow atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) was observed, which wasgradually cooling with distance downwind of the ice edge. This process was mainly connected with astrong stable stratification and downward turbulent heat fluxes of about 10–20 W m^-2, but wasalso due to radiative cooling. Two mesoscale models, one hydrostatic and the other non-hydrostatic,having different turbulence closures, were applied. Despite these fundamental differences betweenthe models, the results of both agreed well with the observed data. Various closure assumptions had amore crucial influence on the results than the differences between the models.Such an assumption was, for example,the parameterization of the surface roughness for momentum (z₀) and heat (z_T). This stronglyaffected the wind and temperature fields not only close to the surface but also within and abovethe temperature inversion layer. The best results were achieved using a formulation for z₀ that took intoaccount the form drag effect of sea-ice ridges together withz_T = 0.1z₀. The stability within theelevated inversion strongly depended on the minimum eddy diffusivity K_min. A simple ad hocparameterization seems applicable, where K_min is calculated as 0.005 timesthe neutral eddy diffusivity. Although the longwave radiative cooling was largest within the ABL, theapplication of a radiation scheme was less important there than above the ABL. This was related to theinteraction of the turbulent and radiative fluxes. To reproduce the strong inversion, it wasnecessary to use vertical and horizontal resolutions higher than those applied in most regional andlarge-scale atmospheric models.  相似文献   

AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL TURBULENCE SCHEMES FOR THE PREDICTION OF MEAN AND TURBULENT FIELDS IN COMPLEX TERRAIN   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PETER J. HURLEY 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,83(1):43-73

A prognostic three-dimensional mesoscale model has been developed andused in one- and two-dimensional modes to evaluate ten local turbulenceclosure schemes. The schemes ranged from first-order to the two-equationprognostic schemes. Predictions by the models were compared for aone-dimensional convective boundary layer using mixed layer scaling andmeasurements to interpret the results. Two-dimensional simulations were alsoperformed for a sea-breeze flow and for flow over a hill. The results showedthat for all of the models considered, minor differences were produced in themean meteorological fields and in the vertical scalar fluxes, but majordifferences were apparent in the velocity variances and dissipation rate.Predicted tracer concentrations were very sensitive to the turbulence modelformulation for dispersion from a point source in the convective boundarylayer, particularly for the prediction of maximum concentrations. Predictedtracer concentrations from a surface volume source for the two-dimensionalsimulations were similar for all models, although the degree of mixing in themorning growth period produced some differences. Generally, good results forthe mean meteorological fields can be obtained with first-order schemes, evenif they underpredict the magnitude of turbulence in the convective boundarylayer, and reasonable tracer concentrations can also be obtained with thesemodels provided near-source effects are not important. The two-equationprognostic models performed best for the prediction of turbulence in theconvective boundary layer.  相似文献   

Turbulent fluxes over inhomogeneous landscape     

Ye Zhuoji  Li Jun  Fan Sihong 《大气科学进展》1997,14(3):399-408

Mesoscale surface turbulent fluxes over a complex terrain surrounded by oceans have been investigated using a 3-D numerical mesoscale model, under conditions with and without synoptic flows. The study indicated that under synoptically calm condition, the allocation and intensity of mesoscale surface turbulent fluxes (MSTFs) were greatly impacted by the thermally forced mesoscale circulation (TFMC) over mesoscale heterogeneous landscape. The max-imum values of sensible (Hs) and latent (LE) heat fluxes were located over the convergent zones and considerably im-pacted by the soil wetness (M), but did not depend strongly on the atmospheric background thermal stability (β0). The simulated results suggested that the sensible heat flux was closely proportional to the square of wind speed in the surface layer. By the action of synoptic flow, the allocation of LE was shifted to downwind, its intensity increased.  相似文献   

PNN网络在预测MCS移动中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苏君毅  过仲阳  邱洁  陆衍  吴健平 《上海国土资源》2004,14(3):27-30

神经网络是空间数据挖掘的一种重要手段。本文运用概率神经网络(PNN网络)对1998年夏季影响青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCS)东移的环境物理量场的空间分布特征进行了研究，得到了高原上MCS移动方向与环境物理量场空间分布之间的关系。研究表明，使用概率神经网络预测中尺度对流系统的移动具有较好的效果，从而为研究高原上MCS东移与环境场之间的关系提供了一种新的方法和思路。  相似文献