鲸类线粒体基因组特征分析及分子标记探讨     

田美  申欣  孟学平  程汉良 《海洋学报》2011,33(5):104-114

综合分析鲸类32个物种的线粒体基因组全序列,全面揭示了鲸类线粒体基因组的基本特征、蛋白质编码基因、选择压力和差异位点等.鲸类线粒体基因组均编码后生动物标准的37个基因.绝大多数鲸类线粒体基因组的基因排列顺序完全相同,而且与脊椎动物线粒体基因组的典型排列一致.4个类群(真露脊鲸属、须鲸属、原海豚属和宽吻海豚属)线粒体基因...  相似文献   

舟山海域外来物种地中海贻贝的自然分布现状及生态影响     

申望  叶茂  王日昕  石戈  赵淑江 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):250-256

以筛选的2个可鉴别的地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）、厚壳贻贝（M.coruscus）及其杂交后代的PCR标记（扩增核基因Glu-5’特异片段PCR标记Me14/Me17和延伸因子1α第一个内含子区段PCR标记引物EFbisF/EFbisR）,对舟山海域3个贻贝主产区（马鞍列岛海域、浪岗山列岛海域、中街山列岛海域）采集的贻贝样本的种类进行鉴别.研究结果显示：100个马鞍列岛海域贻贝个体和30个中街山列岛海域贻贝个体均为厚壳贻贝;而54个浪岗山列岛海域贻贝样本中,16个个体（29.6%）为厚壳贻贝,38个个体（70.4%）为地中海贻贝;3个群体中均未检测到2种贻贝的杂交个体.因此,推测舟山海域地中海贻贝自然分布仅局限于局部海区,但在适宜的海区地中海贻贝可取代厚壳贻贝成为贻贝床的优势物种,舟山海域贻贝床的动态变化值得进一步关注;贻贝样本中没有检测到地中海贻贝与厚壳贻贝的杂交个体,表明调查海域可能没有杂交贻贝分布或数量极少,地中海贻贝通过杂交、基因渐渗污染厚壳贻贝基因组的风险较小.  相似文献   

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)养殖群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析及性别特异性分子标记筛选     

闫松松  苗亮  李明云  范慧慧  胡谋  陈炯  史雨红 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(2):395-399

采用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术分析了香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)养殖群体的遗传多样性,并筛选性别特异性分子标记。结果表明,15对选扩引物组合共扩增到889个位点,其中多态性位点380个,多态率为42.74%;群体Nei氏遗传多样性指数为0.1454,Shannon氏指数I为0.2174。香鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性较丰富,处于中等偏上水平。仅引物组合E-ATG/M-CTG扩增到1条雄性特异性条带,长度为139bp。以该雄性特异性AFLP条带的DNA序列为模板,设计1对特异的PCR引物并在10尾已知性别的香鱼(雌雄各5尾)中扩增检验,结果显示5尾雄鱼均可扩增到目的条带而5尾雌鱼均无扩增。表明该序列是雄性特异性分子标记,可用于鉴别香鱼的遗传性别,并为香鱼的性别决定机制和性别控制研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

2种分子标记应用于澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性研究中的可行性     

田鹏  牛文涛  林荣澄  陈彬  Suharsono 《台湾海峡》2014,(1):46-52

利用PCR技术对澄黄滨珊瑚的2种分子标记（线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基1基因COI和核糖体RNA内转录间隔区基因ITS）进行测序,探讨COI序列和ITS序列在澄黄滨珊瑚（Porites lutea）群体研究中的适用性,并从中选出最适合研究澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性的分子标记．结果显示COI序列变异位点少,成对序列差异在群体内、群体间都很小,不适于澄黄滨珊瑚的群体研究;而ITS区序列个体内成对的序列差异仅为0．35％,可以作为研究澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性的分子标记;通过对ITS1、ITS2、5．8SrRNA、ITS1＋ITS2及ITS区序列的比较,认为ITS1＋ITS2序列是最适合研究澄黄滨珊瑚群体遗传多样性的分子标记．本研究为以后研究我国沿岸造礁石珊瑚澄黄滨珊瑚的群体遗传结构提供方法依据,从而为保护管理扣恢复受损珊瑚礁生态系统提供遗传学数据支持．  相似文献   

山东省阳谷-茌平煤田煤层对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

王峰  张增奇  张义江  唐璐璐 《山东国土资源》2014,30(10)

利用阳谷-茌平煤田内的聊城勘查区、阿城镇勘查区、阳谷勘查区、博平勘查区的钻孔资料及地质成果,主要从煤层组合关系、标志层方面对煤田内各勘查区的煤层进行横向比对。山西组发育2~5层煤,3煤发育稳定,厚度较大,易于对比;太原组发育13~17层煤,根据沉积旋回性及赋煤特征分为上组煤、中组煤和下组煤,太原组有3层全区发育稳定的灰岩层,可作为该煤系地层的标志层。同时结合煤层间距及相邻岩层的岩性组合关系,找出各勘查区煤层的对应关系,并提出了统一编号的方案,为该煤田的煤炭资源储量的核实统计及地质综合研究带来方便。  相似文献   

The Late Holocene tephra record of the central Mediterranean Sea: Mapping occurrences and new potential isochrons for the 4.4–2.0 ka time interval     

D. D. Insinga  P. Petrosino  I. Alberico  G. J. de Lange  C. Lubritto  F. Molisso  M. Sacchi  R. Sulpizio  J. Wu  F. Lirer 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):213-231

Five cores from the southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian seas were studied for their tephra and cryptotephra content in the 4.4–2.0 ka time interval. The chronological framework for each core was obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C dating, the occurrence of distinct marker tephra and stratigraphic correlation with adjacent records. Tephrochronology allowed us to correlate the analyzed deposits with tephra markers associated with Somma-Vesuvius (79 ad ), Ischia Island (Cretaio), Mt Etna (FG, FL and FS) and Campi Flegrei (Astroni-Agnano Monte Spina) events. For the first time in the marine setting, a large single glass data set is provided for the Late Holocene Etnean marker beds including the FS tephra (ca. 4.3 ka). Moreover, unknown deposits from Lipari (ca. 2.2–2.0 ka) and Vulcano (3.6–3.3 ka) are also recognized at more distal sites than previously reported. These results contribute to improve the high-resolution tephrostratigraphic framework of the central Mediterranean Sea. They also provide new insights into the chemical composition and dispersal pattern of tephras that can be used as inter-archive tools for regional and ‘local’ stratigraphic correlations and for addressing paleoclimate research.  相似文献   

Research in migration route of hatchery released Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) in the Bohai Bay using method of SSR marker     

Weiji Wang  Ding Lyu  Mosang Wang  Kefeng Liu  Jie Kong  Xiujuan Shan  Xianshi Jin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(12):76-81

This study provides new insights for the hatchery released Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis), including proportion, dynamic migration route, after they were released into nature for stock enhancement using a new strategy quite different than ever. Chinese shrimp were sampled at 22 survey stations during two investigation voyages acrossing 74 survey stations in the Bohai Sea from July 16 to August 9 in 2015. Among 289 sampled individuals during the second voyage, totally 155 shrimps were identified as hatchery shrimp released into the Laizhou Bay at mid-May in 2015 based on finger-print of eight SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers, and the proportion of hatchery released shrimp in recapture samples were from 41.30%–85.71% in each station with an average value 53.63%, which verified a previous view point that up to 90% of autumn season Chinese shrimp landing in the Bohai Sea were composed of hatchery released. Meanwhile, the dynamic migration route of hatchery released shrimp revealed that part of released shrimp migrated heading northwest along the west coast of the Bohai Sea up to the Bohai Bay but just remained at the Laizhou Bay until over-wintering migration at mid-October when they initiate over-wintering migration. Present unnatural spring season shrimp fishing model cut the throat of spawner shrimp chance to swim back to their respective spawning plants at each spring, it still no chance to clarify whether the hatchery released shrimp could replenish to the reproduce population and complete a whole life cycle as same as their natural relatives.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity of Toona ciliata Populations based on SSR Markers     

WANG Yang  YUE Dan  LI Xinzhi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(5):466-474

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and development of T. ciliata germplasm resources, we studied the genetic diversity of T. ciliata by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) primers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 192 T. ciliata germplasm samples from 24 populations of 5 provinces. DataFormater, Popgene, NTSYS, TFPGA and other software were used for genetic data conversion, genetic parameter estimation, dendrogram construction and genetic variation analysis. The results showed that: 1) a total of 17 alleles (N_a) were detected in seven pairs of primers, with an average of 2.260 for each primer. Among them, the highest numbers of alleles (4) were detected in primers S11 and S422.The mean value of Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) was 0.4909, the mean value of Shannon information index (I) was 0.7321, and the mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5182. The mean expected heterozygosity (H_e) and observed heterozygosity (H_o) were 0.1055 and 0.4956, respectively. The Nei°s genetic distances of the populations ranged between 0.0002 and 2.6346, and the mean was 0.5477. The average genetic diversity level (H=0.1044) of the 24 populations was lower than that of the species (H=0.4909). 2) The genetic differentiation coefficients (F_st) varied from 0.2374 to 0.9148, with an average value of 0.7727. The mean of population gene flow (N_m) was 0.0735, indicating a low level of genetic exchange between populations, and suggesting that the genetic variation mainly came from within populations. 3) With the UPGMA method, the 24 populations were clustered into 3 groups at Nei’s genetic identity (0.99): the populations from Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were clustered into one group, the populations from Hunan Province were in another group, and the populations from Hubei Province were in the third group. The Mantel test analysis showed a significant correlation between Nei’s genetic distance and geographic distance (r=0.6318, P=0.009?0.05). The genetic diversity of the 24 populations of T. ciliata was at a low level. Geographic isolation was the main reason for genetic differentiation among T. ciliata provenances. In the protection of germplasm resources of T. ciliata, emphasis should be placed on breeding genetic resources from the populations with higher genetic diversity (P14, for example). As for the populations with low genetic diversity, an ex-situ protection strategy as well as ecological and timber objectives, should be taken into account to maximize the conservation and utilization of the diversity of T. ciliata.  相似文献   

Construction of two selectable markers for integrative/conjugative plasmids in Flavobacterium columnare     

�Ž�  �޺�  ������  �Ʊ�  ���  ������  ��Ʒ 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(2):269-278

Flavobacterium columnare, the etiological agent of columnaris disease, is one of the most important and widespread bacterial pathogens of freshwater fish. In this study, we constructed two artificial selectable markers (chloramphenicol and spectinomycin resistance) for gene transfer in F. columnare. These two new artificial selectable markers, which were created by placing the chloramphenicol or spectinomycin resistance gene under the control of the native acs regulatory region of F. columnare, were functional in both F. columnare and Escherichia coli. The integrative/conjugative plasmids constructed by using these markers were introduced into F. columnare G4 via electroporation or conjugation. The integrated plasmid DNA was confirmed by Southern blotting and PCR analysis. These two markers can be employed in future investigations into gene deletion and the pathogenicity of virulence factors in F. columnare.  相似文献   

日本鼓虾与鲜明鼓虾线粒体基因组全序列的分析比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

申欣  李晓  徐启华 《海洋学报》2012,34(5):147-153

首先通过基因组DNA的提取、通用引物PCR扩增和长PCR扩增,从而获得日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)的线粒体DNA;应用鸟枪法和引物步移法测序,获得了日本鼓虾的线粒体基因组全序列。结合GenBank线粒体基因组数据库中鲜明鼓虾(A.distinguendus)的线粒体基因组,比较分析了鼓虾线粒体基因组的基本特征、基因排列、蛋白质编码基因、选择压力和差异位点等。研究结果表明,在日本鼓虾线粒体基因组中共存在9对基因的重叠。日本鼓虾线粒体基因组全长16 487 bp,较鲜明鼓虾线粒体基因组(15 700 bp)长,主要是由于最大非编码区的长度存在差异。日本鼓虾与鲜明鼓虾线粒体基因组均编码37个基因,且37个基因的基因排列完全一致;与泛甲壳动物线粒体基因组的原始排列相比,仅出现1个转运RNA基因(trnE)的易位和倒位。2个鼓虾线粒体基因组蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子和终止密码子存在差异。除了cob基因外,其余12个蛋白质编码基因所编码氨基酸的数目均完全相同。鼓虾线粒体基因组13个线粒体蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks比值都远远低于1,显示出较强的负选择。在15个主编码基因中,nad5基因的变异位点数最多,其次是nad4基因和lrRNA基因。因此,nad5,nad4和lrRNA基因可以作为备选的分子标记,用于分析鼓虾不同物种和群体之间的生物多样性。  相似文献