Integration of hyperspectral and LiDAR data for mapping small water bodies     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Inland water bodies are globally threatened by environmental degradation and climate change. On the other hand, new water bodies can be designed during landscape restoration (e.g. after coal mining). Effective management of new water resources requires continuous monitoring; in situ surveys are, however, extremely time-demanding. Remote sensing has been widely used for identifying water bodies. However, the use of optical imagery is constrained by accuracy problems related to the difficulty in distinguishing water features from other surfaces with low albedo, such as tree shadows. This is especially true when mapping water bodies of different sizes. To address these problems, we evaluated the potential of integrating hyperspectral data with LiDAR (hereinafter “integrative approach”). The study area consisted of several spoil heaps containing heterogeneous water bodies with a high variability of shape and size. We utilized object-based classification (Support Vector Machine) based on: (i) hyperspectral data; (ii) LiDAR variables; (iii) integration of both datasets. Besides, we classified hyperspectral data using pixel-based approaches (K-mean, spectral angle mapper). Individual approaches (hyperspectral data, LiDAR data and integrative approach) resulted in 2–22.4 % underestimation of the water surface area (i.e, omission error) and 0.4–1.5 % overestimation (i.e., commission error).The integrative approach yielded an improved discrimination of open water surface compared to other approaches (omission error of 2 % and commission error of 0.4 %). We also evaluated the success of detecting individual ponds; the integrative approach was the only one capable of detecting the water bodies with both omission and commission errors below 10 %. Finally, the assessment of misclassification reasons showed a successful elimination of shadows in the integrative approach. Our findings demonstrate that the integration of hyperspectral and LiDAR data can greatly improve the identification of small water bodies and can be applied in practice to support mapping of restoration process.  相似文献   

The 2019 Brumadinho tailings dam collapse: Possible cause and impacts of the worst human and environmental disaster in Brazil     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

On 25th January 2019, the tailings dam of the Brumadinho iron mine operated by Vale S/A failed catastrophically. The death toll stood at 259 and 11 people remained missing as of January 2020. This tragedy occurred three years after Mariana’s tailings dam rupture – the most significant tailing dam disaster in Brazilian history. Thus far, a systematic investigation on the cause and effect of the failure has yet to be conducted. Here, we use satellite-driven soil moisture index, multispectral high-resolution imagery and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) products to assess pre-disaster scenarios and the direct causes of the tailings dam collapse. A decreasing trend in the moisture content at the surface and the full evanescence of pond water through time (2011–2019) suggest that the water was gradually penetrating the fill downwards and caused the seepage erosion, saturating the tailings dam. Large-scale slumping of the dam (extensional failure) upon the rupture indicates that the materials of the fill were already saturated. InSAR measurements reveal a dramatic, up to 30 cm subsidence in the dam (at the rear part) within the past 12 months before the dam collapse, signifying that the sediments had been removed from the fill. Although the information on the resistance level of the tailings dam to infiltrations is not available, these pieces of evidence collectively indicate that the seepage erosion (piping) is the primary cause for the chronic weakening of the structure and, hence, the internal “liquefaction” condition. Upon the collapse, the fully saturated mud tailings flowed down the gentle slope area (3.13 × 10⁶ m²), where 73 % were originally covered by tree, grass or agricultural tracts. The toxic mud eventually reached the Paraopeba River after travelling 10 km, abruptly increasing the suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration and the toxic chemical elements in the river, immediately affecting the local livelihoods that depend on its water. The Paraopeba River is a major tributary of the San Francisco River, the second-longest river in Brazil reaching the Atlantic Ocean. We anticipate that the environmental repercussions of this toxic seepage will be felt throughout the entire basin, especially riverine communities located downstream.  相似文献   

The knowledge rules of debris flow event: A case study for investigation Chen Yu Lan River, Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Wan  T.C. Lei  P.C. Huang  T.Y. Chou 《Engineering Geology》2008,98(3-4):102-114

Debris flow, one of the most active hydrological processes, brings about a great loss of life and properties in the Chen Yu Lan River area, Nan-Tou County, Taiwan. The goal of this study is to manage and monitor the debris flows in a vast area. Thus, the strategy is to collect hydraulical and in-situ data easily and quickly through our spatial information system. Then, a novel Data Mining technique will be developed to find a rule-based knowledge system of debris flow. The entire study can be divided into two parts. In the first part, using spatial information the debris flow image is extracted from the outbreak area. The system provides precise positional information pertaining to the debris flow events. Attributes such as effective watershed area, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and slope are automatically obtained from the system. In the second part of this study, K-mean theory is used to classify the observed hydraulical and in-situ data into different categories. Then, the ‘Effective Rough Set’ method is successfully used to analyze the factors influencing the debris flow phenomenon and delivers rational knowledge rules. The contribution of this study is presented that NDVI, slope and effective watershed area are the major factors influencing debris flow in the study area. The knowledge rules can provide better understanding on the elevation of high potential debris catchments.  相似文献   

国外勘查地球物理工作现状和发展趋势     

崔霖沛 《地球物理学进展》1992,(4)

概略介绍了国外勘查地球物理工作的现状和某些发展趋势,其中着重介绍利用地球物理方法进行区域地质调查和地壳、上地幔调查、寻找深部隐伏矿床、计算矿产储量和研究环境地质问题.还提到勘查地球物理方法技术的重大进展.在介绍现状的同时,力图指出勘查地球物理的一些新的应用领域、新的方法技术和发展思路.  相似文献   

Characteristics of mining tremors within the near-wave field zone     

Józef Dubiński  Grzegorz Mutke 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,147(2):249-261

Mining in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, induces tremors with magnitudes ranging up to 4.3. The recordings of mining tremors from the near-wave fiel and the far-wave field show different characteristics of ground motion.Knowledge of these characrteristics, has an enormous practical importance when solving the problems of resistance of underground workings against seismic impacts. The near-wave field is characterized by a domination of the high frequency components of motion, and the seismograms often are a single pulse Geomechanical interpretation of them leads to the conclusion that this pulse corresponds to a single exciting force. This fact is also reflected in the rockbursts: the potentially damaging ground motion which is restricted to the seismic source region.The seismometric data have shown that the peak particle velocities from a hypocentral distance of 200–300 m, resulted in more than 3 cm/s. The peak ground velocities appear to be dependent on stress drop , and peak particle velocities reaching 5 m/s may occur. The computational example proves that in a thick coal seam the pulse with the stress =1.8 MPa from the tremor at the short source distance can generate the rockburst.  相似文献   

德州市工矿废弃地复垦利用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李英  张欣  杨春燕  陈召展  朱林林  戴峰 《山东国土资源》2016,32(9)

为进一步规范推进工矿废弃地复垦利用工作,促进耕地保护和节约集约用地,拓展建设用地空间,德州市开展工矿废弃地复垦利用试点工作。通过现状调查和潜力分析,合理确定德州市未来3年工矿废弃地利用项目规模、布局和实施时序,以期为工矿废弃地复垦利用项目提供科学依据。  相似文献   

江西兴国城岗矿区萤石矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨     

侯珊珊  杨锐 《化工矿产地质》2016,(3):136-143

城岗矿区处于欧亚大陆板块与滨西太平洋板块消减带内侧的华夏板块中的罗霄地体与武夷地体的结合部位,区域上受大余至兴国深大断裂控制。区内发现7条萤石矿体,长100~1100m,厚1~17.7m,矿石类型为石英-萤石型,易选。估算333+334类资源量矿石量2654.3kt,CaF_2 1438.9kt,平均品位53.6%。通过工作阐述了矿床的地质特征,分析了成矿条件和成矿机理,建立了成矿模式,对成因进行了探讨。对矿区进一步找矿提供了依据。  相似文献   

Deep Seabed Mining: Past Failures and Future Prospects   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

G. P. Glasby 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2002,20(2):161-176

The first attempt to exploit deep-sea manganese nodules ended in failure as a result of the collapse of world metal prices, the onerous provisions imposed by the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the overoptimistic assumptions about the viability of nodule mining. Attention then focused on Co-rich manganese crusts from seamounts. Since the mid-1980s, a number of new players have committed themselves to long-term programs to establish the viability of mining deep-sea manganese nodules. These programs require heavy subsidy by the host governments. Au-rich submarine hydrothermal deposits located at convergent plate margins are now emerging as a more promising prospect for mining than deep-sea manganese deposits.  相似文献   

The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain): A singular natural ecosystem threatened by human activities     

Conesa HM  Jiménez-Cárceles FJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):839-849

The Mar Menor lagoon is one of the most important ecological singularities in the Mediterranean area. At the same time, it is an area where many economic and industrial activities meet. The sum of the impacts of mining, agriculture and urban development in the surroundings to the lagoon during the last decades has affected its ecosystem. In this paper, we have reviewed the studies done by researchers over two decades regarding the impacts of human activities in the lagoon, reporting data of contamination levels and the effects generated in the ecosystem of the lagoon. The discharge of enriched nutrient waters seems to be the most important input in the lagoon. Changes to more friendly agricultural techniques in the surrounding areas are therefore necessary. After our review, we can conclude that it is necessary to have higher efforts from the public administrations and stricter environmental regulations in order to preserve, on one hand, the important ecological values of the lagoon, and on other hand, public health.  相似文献   

浅谈绿色开采鄂尔多斯煤炭资源     

陈俊岩 《西部资源》2012,(3):153-154

鄂尔多斯的煤炭资源经过多年的开采,给国家经济建设作出了巨大贡献,同时也对生态环境产生了较大影响。本文针对鄂尔多斯地区主要生态环境问题,根据目前煤炭开采技术现状,提出适合鄂尔多斯地区的保水开采技术途径,将矿井水、瓦斯、矸石进行资源化利用。从而实现煤炭开采与生态环境协调发展,促进鄂尔多斯地区煤炭资源合理开发利用。  相似文献