98.6连续暴雨的对称不稳定研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛连海  张瑛  刘志雄  郭达烽 《气象与减灾研究》2003,26(1):11-15

通过分析98.6连续暴雨过程的扰动风场与降水强度之间的关系,以及扰动风场与非线性和线性对称不稳定之间的关系,进而研究非线性和线性对称不稳定与降水强度和位置之间的关系,认为在日常降水预报中应注意扰动风场的变化以及非线性和线性对称不稳定。  相似文献   

Theoretical investigation of convective instability in inclined and fluid-saturated three-dimensional fault zones   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chongbin Zhao  B.E. Hobbs  A. Ord  Shenglin Peng  H.B. Mühlhaus  Liangming Liu 《Tectonophysics》2004,387(1-4):47-64

The convective instability of pore-fluid flow in inclined and fluid-saturated three-dimensional fault zones has been theoretically investigated in this paper. Due to the consideration of the inclined three-dimensional fault zone with any values of the inclined angle, it is impossible to use the conventional linear stability analysis method for deriving the critical condition (i.e., the critical Rayleigh number) which can be used to investigate the convective instability of the pore-fluid flow in an inclined three-dimensional fault zone system. To overcome this mathematical difficulty, a combination of the variable separation method and the integration elimination method has been used to derive the characteristic equation, which depends on the Rayleigh number and the inclined angle of the inclined three-dimensional fault zone. Using this characteristic equation, the critical Rayleigh number of the system can be numerically found as a function of the inclined angle of the three-dimensional fault zone. For a vertically oriented three-dimensional fault zone system, the critical Rayleigh number of the system can be explicitly derived from the characteristic equation. Comparison of the resulting critical Rayleigh number of the system with that previously derived in a vertically oriented one has demonstrated that the characteristic equation of the Rayleigh number is correct and useful for investigating the convective instability of pore-fluid flow in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone system. The related numerical results from this investigation have indicated that: (1) the convective pore-fluid flow may take place in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone; (2) if the height of the fault zone is used as the characteristic length of the system, a decrease in the inclined angle of the inclined fault zone stabilizes the three-dimensional fundamental convective flow in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone system; (3) if the thickness of the stratum is used as the characteristic length of the system, a decrease in the inclined angle of the inclined fault zone destabilizes the three-dimensional fundamental convective flow in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone system; and that (4) the shape of the inclined three-dimensional fault zone may affect the convective instability of pore-fluid flow in the system.  相似文献   

Instability of an underground ancient tomb due to excavation and its relationship to the temperature and ground water     

Mancheol Suh  Min-Ho Koo  Suck-Won Choi  Insun Song 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2004,22(2):269-283

In order to consider a counterplan to preserve an ancient royal tomb in Kongju, Korea, the deformation of the wall structure, the atmospheric temperature in the tomb, and the groundwater level have been monitored. The long-term measurement of biaxial tilting of the tomb walls revealed that the brick-built subsurface opening had been subjected to severe structural instability. The measured deformation of the tomb was consistent with the displacement of soil around the tomb calculated using a numerical analysis. The instability of the tomb structure is closely related to the rainy season as the deformations measured are several times that in the dry season. A sudden change of temperature inside the tomb exerted an influence on the deformation of the tomb structure as well. It is suggested that the excavation be restored for tourists, the quicklime layer for preventing groundwater infiltration is reinforced, and a constant temperature is kept inside the tomb. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The effects of buoyant crust on the gravitational instability of thickened mantle lithosphere at zones of intracontinental convergence   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter Molnar  Gregory A. Houseman 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(3):1134-1150

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基于损伤模型的圆形洞室矿震分析     

赵扬锋  潘一山  于海军 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z2):347-350

采用应变损伤模型对圆形洞室矿震的发生进行了解析分析,得到了发生矿震的洞室临界塑性区深度和临界作用力,得出损伤内变量k0,kc是决定圆形洞室矿震发生的重要参数.  相似文献   

Cavernous weathering,dynamical instability and self‐organization     

Alice V. Turkington  Jonathan D. Phillips 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(6):665-675

Cavernous weathering may be conceptualized as a self‐reinforcing process, characterized by positive feedback within the weathering system. A morphometric study of caverns in the Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, USA, demonstrates the applicability of a dynamically unstable, or conditionally unstable, model of cavernous weathering systems. Outcrop surfaces displaying caverns tend to show increasing fragmentation of the surface in the early stages of cavernous weathering, succeeded by convergent evolution of the surface in which caverns tend to grow and coalesce. A paradoxical relationship exists between the weathering system output at the scale of individual forms and the outcrop scale: caverns tend toward minimum interior surface area by developing a spheroidal form, yet the outcrop surface tends toward maximum exposed surface area by increasing the degree of fragmentation of the surface. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Divergent evolution in fluviokarst landscapes of central Kentucky     

Jonathan D. Phillips  Linda L. Martin  Viva G. Nordberg  William A. Andrews 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(7):799-819

Central Kentucky is characterized by a mixture of karst and ?uvial features, typically manifested as mosaic of karst‐rich/channel‐poor (KRCP) and channel‐rich/karst‐poor (CRKP) environments. At the regional scale the location and distribution of KRCP and CRKP areas are not always systematically related to structural, lithological, topographic, or other controls. This study examines the relationship of KRCP and CRKP zones along the Kentucky River gorge area, where rapid incision in the last 1·5 million years has lowered local base levels and modi?ed slopes on the edge of the inner bluegrass plateau. At the scale of detailed ?eld mapping on foot within a 4 km² area, the development of karst and ?uvial features is controlled by highly localized structural and topographic constraints, and can be related to slope changes associated with retreat of the Kentucky River gorge escarpment. A conceptual model of karst/?uvial transitions is presented, which suggests that minor, localized variations are suf?cient to trigger a karst–?uvial or ?uvial–karst switch when critical slope thresholds are crossed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

石河子垦区一次低压大风天气的成因分析     

王为民  刘兰 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(3):16-18

通过对石河子一次低压大风天气的成因分析，发现“降压增温”是其前兆。前期降水，有利的垂直风场．不稳定能量释放是低压产生持续大风的关键，并提出今后的预报着眼点。  相似文献   

Rift zone reorganization through flank instability in ocean island volcanoes: an example from Tenerife, Canary Islands     

T. R. Walter  V. R. Troll  B. Cailleau  A. Belousov  H.-U. Schmincke  F. Amelung  P. v.d. Bogaard 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(4):281-291

The relationship between rift zones and flank instability in ocean island volcanoes is often inferred but rarely documented. Our field data, aerial image analysis, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar chronology from Anaga basaltic shield volcano on Tenerife, Canary Islands, support a rift zone—flank instability relationship. A single rift zone dominated the early stage of the Anaga edifice (~6–4.5 Ma). Destabilization of the northern sector led to partial seaward collapse at about ~4.5 Ma, resulting in a giant landslide. The remnant highly fractured northern flank is part of the destabilized sector. A curved rift zone developed within and around this unstable sector between 4.5 and 3.5 Ma. Induced by the dilatation of the curved rift, a further rift-arm developed to the south, generating a three-armed rift system. This evolutionary sequence is supported by elastic dislocation models that illustrate how a curved rift zone accelerates flank instability on one side of a rift, and facilitates dike intrusions on the opposite side. Our study demonstrates a feedback relationship between flank instability and intrusive development, a scenario probably common in ocean island volcanoes. We therefore propose that ocean island rift zones represent geologically unsteady structures that migrate and reorganize in response to volcano flank instability.Editorial responsibility: T. DruittThis revised version was published online in February 2005 with typographical corrections and a changed wording.  相似文献   

Investigations of nonlinear performances of implicit pseudodynamic algorithms     

張順益  黃裕鈞  宋裕祺 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2006,5(2):257-266

Although it has been shown that the implementation of the HHT-α method can result in improved error propagation properties in pseudodynamic testing if the equation of motion is used instead of the difference equation to evaluate the next step acceleration, this paper proves that this method might lead to instability when used to solve a nonlinear system. Its unconditional stability is verified only for linear elastic systems, while for nonlinear systems, instability occurs as the step degree of convergence is less than 1. It is worth noting that the step degree of convergence can frequently be less than 1 in pseudodynamic testing, since a convergent solution is achieved only when the step degree of convergence is close to 1 regardless of whether its value is greater or less than 1. Therefore, the application of this scheme to pseudodynamic testing should be prohibited, since the possibility of instability might incorrectly destroy a specimen. Consequently, the implementation of the HHT-α method by using the difference equation to determine the next step acceleration is recommended for use in pseudodynamic testing.  相似文献