TOWARDS A BETTER FORECAST FOR RESERVOIR SLOPE SLIDING     

Didier MAROT  Alain ALEXIS  Pierre THOMAS 《国际泥沙研究》2003,18(4)

The siltation of reservoir causes many problems of management and environmental disturbances that are important to minimize. Solving these problems requires in particular a good knowledge of mud bank instabilities. In partnership with the Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique (LNH), a subsidiary of Electricite de France (E.D.F.), authors realize a study of soft soils sliding entailed by reservoir emptying. Using a geotechnical flat sliding mechanism, the theoretical formulation of the safety factor can be established when the sediment mass is submerged and emergent. The measurement campaign carried out makes it possible to obtain bathymetric and topographic surveys and a geotechnical characterization of the soil for the whole reservoir of Grangent dam, located on the Loire (France). The proposed model appears to agree satisfactorily with the instability of the zones emerged because of the emptying and with the stability of the profile after emptying. The use of this model within the framework of forecasts  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘山前冲断带芦草沟组储层含气性及主控因素分析——以米参2井为例     

梁斌  雷国明  党犇  史美超  刘明  安文涛  贺鹏 《新疆地质》2021,(1):129-133

在野外地质考察、重磁电勘探成果基础上,在准噶尔盆地南缘山前冲断带乌鲁木齐一带进行了页岩气参数井——米参2井施工.综合钻探、地质综合录井、测井和分析测试数据,进行该区芦草沟组泥页岩储层含气性评价,并对储层有机碳含量、孔隙度、矿物组分和页岩裂缝发育特征等方面进行研究.分析储层含气性主控因素,旨在对识别准噶尔盆地南缘山前复杂...  相似文献   

中国新疆北天山和台湾南部陆地泥火山研究进展     

蒋雨函  高小其  王阳洋  张磊 《地震》2020,40(3):65-82

在系统介绍中国新疆北天山地区和台湾南部地区泥火山研究进展的基础上, 对其地质特征进行了对比分析。结果显示, 北天山和台湾南部地区的泥火山均沿着断裂带分布, 主要位于背斜轴部, 泥火山分布区地层多出露为含泥岩层。对两个地区泥火山喷出物物理特征进行了对比分析, 固体喷发物的矿物成分相似, 如石英、 蒙脱石等; 液体喷出物的泥浆温度与冒泡频率相近, 但最大气泡直径与气体流量有很大差别。又分别对两地区液体、 气体喷出物的化学特征进行了对比分析, 液体喷出物均盐度高; 甲烷是大多数泥火山喷发气体的主要成分, 一些泥火山喷发的气体主要是二氧化碳。区域构造地质和气候条件不同, 导致两地泥火山喷出物存在差异。从现有研究来看, 两地泥火山的喷发都是岩层的孔隙压力增大造成的。两个地区泥火山与当地地震活动之间表现出良好的对应关系。泥火山的地球化学参数可能是地震活动的潜在指标。  相似文献   

INVERSION RESEARCH OF PALEOSTRESS FIELD IN TENGCHONG AREA BASED ON VENT ALIGNMENT SURVEY METHOD          下载免费PDF全文

HOU Zheng-yang  WANG Cheng-hu  WANG Pu  JIANG Ying-hao  YANG Ru-hua 《地震地质》2019,41(4):1042-1059

The acquisition of paleostress data has always been a key and difficult problem in the field of tectonics and crustal dynamics. Previous findings show that the distribution of dykes and the alignment of volcano vents can indicate the direction of major principal stresses during the volcanic eruption period. The extension direction of underground dyke is generally parallel to the linear arrangement direction of vent and both of them give the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress in this period. This law has similar mechanical principle to hydraulic fracturing. Vent alignment survey method is a kind of geostress inversion method based on volcanic linear mode. In this paper theoretical basis of vent alignment survey method and the linear model of volcanic array are introduced. Based on the panchromatic high-resolution remote sensing image and digital elevation model(DEM)data in the Tengchong area, combining the geological exploration data about lithologic distribution of igneous rocks and the past research results of volcanic activities in the area, the research divides the volcanoes in this area, according to the age of volcanic eruption, into Holocene, late Pleistocene, early Pleistocene and Pliocene. Nakamura model was established based on the morphological characteristics and spatial distribution of the crater, and volcanic eruption period to evaluate the linear degree of the volcano in different age, and to carry out inversion of the paleostress field of the four volcanic eruption periods in Tengchong area. The reliability of the inversion results is evaluated according to Paulsen's data reliability assessment system. The data from inverting the paleostress of each show that maximum horizontal principal stress directions in the early Pleistocene period and late Pleistocene period are 39° and 37° respectively and reliability grades of inverted paleostress results in the two eras all belong to grade B; Inverted paleostress results in Holocene and Pliocene are not reliable because of the poor linearity of volcanic arrangement. The geostress direction determined by the vent alignment survey method is fairly consistent with the current geostress field obtained by the focal mechanism solution and the anelastic strain recovery(ASR method)and matches the tectonic history of Tengchong area since Neogene. The research findings demonstrate that the vent alignment survey method is an effective paleostress inversion method. The application of this method in the paleostress inversion of the Tengchong volcanic area is of important reference significance for the study of paleostress field in other volcanic areas in China.  相似文献   

Timing,magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers     

Caroline Bouvet De Maisonneuve  Olga Bergal-Kuvikas 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):272-287

We review the current knowledge about Southeast Asian volcanoes and their eruption histories, and focus on identifying tephrochronologic markers representing major explosive eruptions in order to further future palaeoclimate and volcanological studies. Forty-one volcanic edifices in Southeast Asia have been classified as large calderas by Whelley et al. (2015) and thus have, or are likely to have, produced large explosive eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6–8. Unfortunately, only 20 such eruptions have known ages, spanning from 1.2 Ma to 1991 ad , and fewer have geochemical data that can be used for tephrostratigraphic correlations. Volcanic products from different geodynamic regions and different sources can generally be distinguished on major element plots (e.g. K₂O versus CaO) of matrix glass composition. However, the distinction of multiple eruptions from the same source often requires additional data such as trace element compositions of matrix glass and/or mineral compositions. Biotite, but also magnetite compositions (MgO and TiO₂ content in particular) appear to be very discriminating. Up to nine tuffs in addition to the three to four Toba tuffs can be utilised as widespread tephrochronologic markers and span a range from 1.2 to 1.6 Ma to recent. As only a few Holocene major eruptions have been well characterised and dated, many large calderas are still unstudied, and many distal tephra layers are still lacking a source, more tephrochronologic markers can certainly be defined in the future.  相似文献   

The formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates: insights from the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea     

Wei Zhang  Jinqiang Liang  Xiaolu Yang  Pibo Su 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):789-810

ABSTRACT

Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are widely developed in continental slope areas, which can provide sufficient gas for hydrate formation, and they are important for finding natural gas hydrates. Based on the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data covering the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea, we studied the formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are columnar and domelike in shape and the internal regions of these bodies have abnormal reflections characterized by fuzzy, chaotic, and blanking zones. The reflection events terminate at the rims of mud diapirs and gas chimneys with pull-up reflections and pull-down reflections, respectively. In addition, ‘bright spots’ and diapiric-associated faults occur adjacent to mud diapirs and gas chimneys. The rapidly deposited and deeply buried fine sediments filling in the Tertiary in deep-water areas of the QDNB and overpressure potential derived from undercompacted mudstones, as well as from the pressurization of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, provide abundant materials and intensive driving forces for the formation of mud diapirs and gas chimneys. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) with strong amplitude and high or poor continuity were recognized atop the mud diapirs and gas chimneys and in the structural highs within the same region, indicating that they have a close relationship with each other. The mud diapirs and gas chimneys and associated high-angle faults provide favourable vertical pathways for the hydrocarbons migrating from deep strata to shallow natural gas hydrate stability zones where natural gas hydrates accumulate; however, some BSRs are characterized by weak amplitude and poor continuity, which can be affected by high temperature and overpressure in the process of the mud diapir and gas chimney activities. This mutually restricting relationship must be taken into consideration in the process of gas hydrate exploration in QDNB.  相似文献   

中国东部全新世火山的镭-钍同位素年代学     

邹海波  郭紫佩  樊祺诚  赵勇伟 《岩石学报》2020,36(7):1945-1952

活火山是指1万年来有过喷发历史的全新世火山。火山的高分辨年代学对火山灾害评估和火山分类具有重要意义。对于缺乏历史记载的全新世火山,直接对火山岩进行同位素定年很困难。本文利用具有高时间分辨率的镭-钍-铀非平衡确定中国东部年轻火山的年龄。根据镭-钍-铀同位素,海南岛的马鞍岭和雷虎岭是全新世火山(马鞍岭:4.3ka;雷虎岭:4.7ka);镜泊湖火山(4.9ka)也是全新世火山;龙岗火山存在晚更新世和全新世活动(7.0ka,15.0ka);大兴安岭阿尔山和诺敏河Ra/Th非平衡消失但~(230)Th/~(238)U非平衡显著,属于晚更新世喷发(阿尔山:63ka;诺敏河:71ka)。海南岛的马鞍岭火山、雷虎岭火山和东北地区的龙岗火山、镜泊湖火山,是4座活火山。至于东北地区的阿尔山和诺敏河火山是否是活火山,有待测试更多样品的Ra/Th同位素。五大连池老黑山和火烧山有历史喷发记录,这与它们都存在显著Ra/Th非平衡一致。五大连池老黑山和火烧山的岩浆滞留年龄分别小于4.2ka和3.2ka,岩浆上升速率 18～23m/y。  相似文献   

Network-constrained bivariate clustering method for detecting urban black holes and volcanoes     

Qiliang Liu  Zhihui Wu  Wenkai Liu  Yaolin Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):1903-1929

ABSTRACT

Urban black holes and volcanoes are typical traffic anomalies that are useful for optimizing urban planning and maintaining public safety. It is still challenging to detect arbitrarily shaped urban black holes and volcanoes considering the network constraints with less prior knowledge. This study models urban black holes and volcanoes as bivariate spatial clusters and develops a network-constrained bivariate clustering method for detecting statistically significant urban black holes and volcanoes with irregular shapes. First, an edge-expansion strategy is proposed to construct the network-constrained neighborhoods without the time-consuming calculation of the network distance between each pair of objects. Then, a network-constrained spatial scan statistic is constructed to detect urban black holes and volcanoes, and a multidirectional optimization method is developed to identify arbitrarily shaped urban black holes and volcanoes. Finally, the statistical significance of multiscale urban black holes and volcanoes is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method is compared with three state-of-the-art methods using both simulated data and Beijing taxicab spatial trajectory data. The comparison shows that the proposed method can detect urban black holes and volcanoes more accurately and completely and is useful for detecting spatiotemporal variations of traffic anomalies.  相似文献   

The LUSI mud volcano triggering controversy: Was it caused by drilling?     

Nurrochmat Sawolo  Edi SutrionoBambang P. Istadi  Agung B. Darmoyo 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Following the Yogyakarta earthquake on May 27th, 2006, the subsequent eruption of a mud volcano has been closely observed and analyzed by the geological community. The mud volcano, known as LUSI, began erupting near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. LUSI offers a unique opportunity to study the genesis and development of a mud volcano.  相似文献   

Vodyanitskii mud volcano,Sorokin trough,Black Sea: Geological characterization and quantification of gas bubble streams     

Heiko Sahling  Gerhard Bohrmann  Yuriy G. Artemov  André Bahr  Markus Brüning  Stephan A. Klapp  Ingo Klaucke  Elena Kozlova  Aneta Nikolovska  Thomas Pape  Anja Reitz  Klaus Wallmann 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Vodyanitskii mud volcano is located at a depth of about 2070 m in the Sorokin Trough, Black sea. It is a 500-m wide and 20-m high cone surrounded by a depression, which is typical of many mud volcanoes in the Black Sea. 75 kHz sidescan sonar show different generations of mud flows that include mud breccia, authigenic carbonates, and gas hydrates that were sampled by gravity coring. The fluids that flow through or erupt with the mud are enriched in chloride (up to ∼650 mmol L⁻¹ at ∼150-cm sediment depth) suggesting a deep source, which is similar to the fluids of the close-by Dvurechenskii mud volcano. Direct observation with the remotely operated vehicle Quest revealed gas bubbles emanating at two distinct sites at the crest of the mud volcano, which confirms earlier observations of bubble-induced hydroacoustic anomalies in echosounder records. The sediments at the main bubble emission site show a thermal anomaly with temperatures at ∼60 cm sediment depth that were 0.9 °C warmer than the bottom water. Chemical and isotopic analyses of the emanated gas revealed that it consisted primarily of methane (99.8%) and was of microbial origin (δD-CH₄ = −170.8‰ (SMOW), δ¹³C-CH₄ = −61.0‰ (V-PDB), δ¹³C-C₂H₆ = −44.0‰ (V-PDB)). The gas flux was estimated using the video observations of the ROV. Assuming that the flux is constant with time, about 0.9 ± 0.5 × 10⁶ mol of methane is released every year. This value is of the same order-of-magnitude as reported fluxes of dissolved methane released with pore water at other mud volcanoes. This suggests that bubble emanation is a significant pathway transporting methane from the sediments into the water column.  相似文献