地图线状要素自动注记的算法设计与实现   总被引：26，自引：3，他引：23  

樊红  张祖勋  杜道生 《测绘学报》1999,28(1):86-89

在地图自动注记的研究中,线状要素由于其形状复杂、灵活性大,难度较大,在注记自动研究问题中占有较大的比重。本文探讨了线状要素自动注记的问题,提出了一种解决线状要素自动注记问题的思路和方法。  相似文献   

黄河北干流晋陕蒙接壤地区环境冲突分析研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

杨勤业  张豪禧  叶庆华 《地理科学进展》1999,18(3):193-200

黄河北干流晋陕蒙接壤地区在全国能源工业发展和能源基地建设布局中具有特殊重要的战略地位。但是, 由于富足的能矿资源与干旱、风沙、严重的水土流失等脆弱生态环境并存, 且呈异向关系, 历来生态问题比较突出, 近年来, 随着区内煤炭资源的大量开发和能源基地建设的快速发展,产生了一系列新的环境冲突,成为区域可持续发展的重要障碍。本文对研究区的环境脆弱形势和环境冲突因素进行了初步分析,指出了缓解环境冲突, 促进区域可持续发展的途径。  相似文献   

No peace for the forest: Rapid,widespread land changes in the Andes-Amazon region following the Colombian civil war     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Negative environmental impacts of violent conflict have been observed worldwide. Whether or not active global conflicts are declining in number remains hotly debated, the number of countries entering post-conflict periods is on the rise, and the impact of this transition on land cover changes remains poorly understood. In Colombia, though large-scale armed conflict has concluded, the post-conflict period represents an ongoing threat to forest conservation, putting at risk commitments to meet global conservation goals and even those stipulated in the peace accord. This paper aims to assess land cover change associated with the Colombian conflict in the Andes-Amazon region between 1988 and 2019. First, we use the Landsat archive to map land cover and characterize the spatial patterns of change at the regional level. Second, to empirically identify the effect of conflict on land cover change, we employ a difference-in-difference approach using local conflict events data. During conflict (1988–2011), land cover in the Andes-Amazon remained relatively stable, however during the post-conflict period (2012–2019), the conversion from forest to agriculture increased by 40%. We find that forest cover surrounding conflict events (1 km radius) decreased significantly, on average by ~ 19% during conflict, which accelerated to ~ 30% in the post-conflict period. Similarly, agriculture expansion is most substantial during the post-conflict period, but exclusively in municipalities with population below the 50th percentile. Landscape metrics show that in peripheral municipalities (<50th), agriculture occurs in clumped distributions during the conflict period. Meanwhile, during the post-conflict period, this expansion happens more quickly, with significantly greater agricultural patch sizes than during the conflict period. We conclude that a slow implementation of conservation governance, the emergence of illegal land markets, and illicit land uses (i.e., coca and illegal cattle ranching) may accelerate land cover change in the coming years.  相似文献   

Projecting long-term armed conflict risk: An underappreciated field of inquiry?     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Little research has been done on projecting long-term conflict risks. Such projections are currently neither included in the development of socioeconomic scenarios or climate change impact assessments nor part of global agenda-setting policy processes. In contrast, in other fields of inquiry, long-term projections and scenario studies are established and relevant for both strategical agenda-setting and applied policies. Although making projections of armed conflict risk in response to climate change is surrounded by uncertainty, there are good reasons to further develop such scenario-based projections. In this perspective article we discuss why quantifying implications of climate change for future armed conflict risk is inherently uncertain, but necessary for shaping sustainable future policy agendas. We argue that both quantitative and qualitative projections can have a purpose in future climate change impact assessments and put out the challenges this poses for future research.  相似文献   

土地利用冲突的时空格局刻画与多情景模拟研究——以长江三角洲城市群为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张潇  谷人旭 《地理研究》2022,41(5):1311-1326

科学刻画与模拟土地利用冲突的时空演化格局是精准认知区域土地利用结构进而寻求人地关系协调的基础。采用景观格局指数构建土地利用冲突模型,借助GIS等手段分析长江三角洲城市群1980—2020年间土地利用冲突的时空演化特征,并结合斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型和多目标规划法多情景模拟2035年的土地利用冲突格局。结果表明：①长江三角洲城市群土地利用冲突受地形等因素影响呈现“北高南低”的分布格局,且在高速城镇化和城市无序蔓延等因素作用下,人地关系趋于不协调发展,土地利用冲突程度逐年加剧。②受人口迁徙和城镇化发展阶段的影响,土地利用冲突的热点区域由乡村空间转移至了城市空间。③在土地利用过程中,耕地是各利益主体争夺的核心区域,也是权衡土地利用冲突的“关键地带”。④可持续发展情景兼顾了经济发展与生态保护两方面的用地需求,是缓和土地利用冲突的一种合理选择。  相似文献   

文化冲突对中国入境旅游需求的影响     

唐培  何建民  冯学钢 《地理科学》2022,42(4):711-719

后疫情时代,文化冲突可能会是中国入境旅游需求复苏的突出制约因子。基于2002—2018年联合国世界旅游组织关于66个客源地对中国的入境旅游人次数据和面板数据估计策略,探究了文化冲突对中国入境旅游需求的影响及其机制。结果表明：① 文化冲突显著负向影响中国入境旅游需求;② 文化冲突对中国入境旅游需求影响在不同性别、区域、年龄、目的群组中具有异质性;③ 文化认同是文化冲突影响中国入境旅游需求过程中的机制变量。研究结果能推进入境旅游需求影响因素理论研究,为实现中国入境旅游需求复苏提供新的理论依据和政策参考。  相似文献   

基于GDELT新闻数据的冲突强度定量表达及冲突事件检测研究     

漆林  秦昆  罗萍  姚博睿  朱炤瑗 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(11):1956-1970

全球范围内各种冲突经常发生,及时分析各种冲突关系并监测其变化,提前干预、实施人道主义救援,可以有效避免冲突的爆发与升级。冲突事件通常被各种新闻媒体及时报道,并被记录于新闻数据库中。提取新闻数据中的冲突事件信息并量化冲突强度,从而分析国家冲突强度的变化是一种可行思路。GDELT实时监测着不同来源的新闻,自动提取新闻中的事件与事件属性信息,并将事件总体划分为冲突与合作2种类型。本文以GDELT为数据源,综合考虑事件数量、事件影响性、事件关注度多个因素,针对不同空间研究尺度提出了一种利用全球冲突指数与局部冲突指数对冲突强度定量表达的方法。在全球尺度上,计算全球各国全球冲突指数衡量国家冲突强度,分析全球国家冲突强度空间分布规律。在国家尺度上,计算局部冲突指数衡量一个国家的冲突强度变化情况,并在冲突强度定量表达的基础上,研究一种基于距离的时间序列冲突检测方法检测冲突事件的发生。研究发现：① 冲突强度高的国家主要集中在非洲和中东地区,全球冲突强度在空间上存在明显的集聚现象;② 国家局部冲突指数的突增通常对应于一些冲突事件的发生,使用本文的冲突检测方法可以有效地及时检测这种突增现象,并能为冲突预警提供支持。本文的研究成果可以为国际冲突关系分析,以及国际救援组织的决策提供参考。  相似文献   

海警视域下的海上安全威胁及应对策略          下载免费PDF全文

王龙飞 《海洋开发与管理》2021,38(9):69-73

当前海警机构在海上遂行任务时面临多种形式的海上安全威胁,除常规安全威胁外,以海上军事冲突威胁和海上恐怖主义威胁为代表的非常规安全威胁正使海警面临越发严峻的海上综合实战能力考验。文章通过对海警视域下海上安全威胁的综合分析,提出提升装备体系化建设水平、增强人员实战化训练效果和探索海警多能化发展模式等应对策略,以期为海警未来妥善应对各类海上安全威胁及风险挑战提供有益参考。  相似文献   

Temperature anomalies affect violent conflicts in African and Middle Eastern warm regions     

《Global Environmental Change》2020

Several studies have linked high temperatures to increases in violent conflicts. The findings are controversial, however, as there has been no systematic cross-sectional analysis performed to demonstrate the generality of the proposed relationship. Moreover, the timescale of temperature/violence relationships have not been fully investigated; it is unclear how short versus long-term, or seasonal and inter-annual temperature variability contribute to the likelihood or frequency of violent events. We here perform systematic regional and grid-based longitudinal analyses in Africa and the Middle East for the period 1990–2017, using geolocated information on armed conflicts and a recently released satellite-based gridded temperature data set. We find seasonal synchrony between temperature and number of armed conflicts at the regional scale (climatic region), as well as a positive relationship in temperature and conflict anomalies on inter-annual timescales at the grid cell level (for the entire African and ME region). After controlling for ‘location effects’, we do not find that long-term warming has affected armed conflicts for the last three decades. However, the effects of temperature anomalies are stronger in warmer places (~5% increase per 10 °C, P < 0.05), suggesting that populations living in warmer places are more sensitive to temperature deviations. Taken together, these findings imply that projected warming and increasing temperature variability may enhance violence in these regions, though the mechanisms of the relationships still need to be exposed.  相似文献   

Application of the subjective vertical-horizontal-conflict physiological motion sickness model to the field trials of contemporary vessels     

Hassan Khalid  Osman Turan 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(1):22-33

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