热带北太平洋西部固氮速率及固氮微生物组成     

张润  张东声  陈敏  江志兵  王春生  郑敏芳  邱雨生  黄杰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):26-34

In the present study, we report N_2 fixation rate(~(15)N isotope tracer assay) and the diazotroph community structure(using the molecular method) in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean(WTNP)(13°–20°N, 120°–160°E). Our independent evidence on the basis of both in situ N_2 fixation activity and diazotroph community structure showed the dominance of unicellular N_2 fixation over majority of the WTNP surface waters during the sampling periods.Moreover, a shift in the diazotrophic composition from unicellular cyanobacteria group B-dominated to Trichodesmium spp.-dominated toward the western boundary current(Kuroshio) was also observed in 2013. We hypothesize that nutrient availability may have played a major role in regulating the biogeography of N_2 fixation.In surface waters, volumetric N_2 fixation rate(calculated by nitrogen) ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 nmol/(L·d) and averaged(1.2±0.5) nmol/(L·d), with 10 μm size fraction contributed predominantly(88%±6%) to the total rate between 135°E and 160°E. Depth-integrated N_2 fixation rate over the upper 200 m ranged between 150 μmol/(m~2·d)and 480 μmol/(m~2·d)(average(225±105) μmol/(m~2·d). N_2 fixation can account for 6.2%±3.7% of the depthintegrated primary production, suggesting that N_2 fixation is a significant N source sustaining new and export production in the WTNP. The role of N_2 fixation in biogeochemical cycling in this climate change-vulnerable region calls for further investigations.  相似文献   

评估不同评估配置应对年龄空间结构的表现:基于印度洋长鳍金枪鱼的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

官文江  吴佳文  田思泉 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(10):9-19

不同种群结构或种群分布的空间异质性是导致模型错误的一个重要因素,并在渔业资源评估中对参数估计有重要影响。本文根据状态相关的洄游率与区域相关的捕捞死亡率,利用合成模型,模拟了印度洋长鳍金枪鱼年龄空间结构的异质性,并生成了资源评估数据。基于这些数据,本文研究了用于空间异质资源评估模型的不同空间配置、选择曲线及CPUE（Catch Per Unit Effort）使用场景的表现。本文结果表明：（1） 尽管同操作模型一致的空间动态配置能在所有模拟场景中对相对产卵生物量、相对死亡系数、最大可持续产量提供准确、无偏估计,但若由于知识与数据限制,使空间动态配置与操作模型不一致,则其表现可能相当差;（2） 对于空间配置,边界划分必须正确,但对于非空间配置,不管边界划分正确与否,只要划分的区域能合理反映现场数据的变化,并能通过增加空间参考参数从而能有效减少忽略空间结构的影响即为合理;（3） 尽管区域作为渔业的方法及灵活的时变选择曲线是一个较好备选方法,可用于解决空间结构问题,但这些方法并不能完全消除由空间结构而引起模型错误导致的影响,从而使模型的参数估计具有很大的不确定性、相同评估模型不同参数的估计质量不一致、相同评估配置的评估质量在不同模拟场景下存在很大的差异;（4） 尽管采用多个CPUE指数一般可以避免最差的参数估计,但没有更好的选择或生成CPUE指数的方法可以用于显著提高资源评估质量,因为忽略空间结构将导致所有资源评估模型预测的CPUE所包含的信息通常不同于观测的CPUE。对比不同建模者的模型配置的评估结果,除了与操作模型完全匹配的空间配置外,其他模型配置的表现均与具体案例有关。从这个意义上讲,本文研究结果不仅对当前印度洋长鳍金枪鱼资源评估有益,也将增加对空间结构配置效果的理解。  相似文献   

海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用——以温州市和台州市为例          下载免费PDF全文

陈胜  刘文胜  傅轩诚  韩小燕 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(2):24-27,32

为完善海洋观测体系,提高海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用性,文章以海洋经济较发达和遭受海洋灾害较多的温州市和台州市为例,选取潮位、波浪和水温3个重要海洋观测要素,分析海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:由于观测时间较短、地理位置特殊和数据代表性不足,海洋观测站的潮位数据未能在台风风暴潮的预报和防灾减灾中有效发挥作用;由于波浪观测仪器布设位置的地形阻挡和观测站少,波浪数据的预报准确性和实际应用不足;个别观测站的水温数据不适用于大面海洋环境和赤潮的预报,且缺少对低温灾害的观测。针对海洋观测数据的实际应用与相关业务脱节的问题,未来应提高观测数据质量、紧密结合当地海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾工作需求、开展重点目标保障预报工作以及加强海洋观测宣传教育。  相似文献   

海洋工程对天津近岸海域环境的影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

何荣  石海明  屠建波  徐冠球  宗燕平 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(5):63-66

文章根据2014年在天津近岸海域海水水质调查成果和收集资料的基础上,分析了现阶段天津近岸海域水质状况,并结合近几年大规模海洋开发活动,分析天津近岸海域环境变化趋势。研究表明:除营养盐浓度明显增加外,其他因子没有明显变化,说明近期的海洋工程对天津近岸海域的环境影响不大。  相似文献   

西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区沉积物中生物硅含量分布          下载免费PDF全文

孟凡盛  倪建宇  姚旭莹 《海洋学研究》2019,37(4):60-67

分析了大洋40航次在西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区山间海盆采集的表层沉积物中生物硅和有机质的含量,并对其分布特征和来源进行了初步的研究。结果表明,马尔库斯-威克海山区附近海域深海表层沉积物中生物硅含量总体较低,含量在0.88%～12.41%之间,平均含量为2.19%,分布上呈现西南含量高,向东北方向递减的趋势;深海表层沉积物中有机碳含量较低,δ¹³C同位素组成分布与生物硅相同。沉积物柱状样的研究表明研究区在过去的100～200 ka期间表层水体中硅质生物的初级生产力是逐渐增加的。  相似文献   

深海多金属硫化物采矿研究进展及其前景探讨     

李江海  宋珏琛  洛怡 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(11):29-37

随着陆地金属矿产资源的日渐枯竭,深海多金属硫化物逐渐成为海洋矿产资源勘探的新趋势。文章介绍了全球主要海底多金属硫化物矿床的成因及分布特点,阐述了多个国际矿业公司和国际海洋组织对西南太平洋、大西洋和印度洋海底块状多金属硫化物勘探活动的最新进展。从海底多金属硫化物的金属品质、深海采矿的法律政策和环境保护等方面对海底多金属硫化物的开发前景进行探讨,并提出积极投身国际海底资源开发规章制定,进一步细化国内法律制度,为深海采矿提供良好的法律制度环境;提升深海治理能力,增强我国在深海领域的话语权;完善深海技术装备体系,提高深海开发创新能力等建议。  相似文献   

胶州湾秋季文石饱和度分布及控制因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

李劳钰  孙霞  王宗兴  辛明  韦钦胜  高立宝  薛亮 《海洋科学进展》2019,37(2):315-324

基于2017-10-18航次在胶州湾调查获取的水文、碳化学和叶绿素a(Chl a)等数据与资料,分析了秋季该海域文石饱和度(Ω_arag(现场))的分布状况,探讨了影响其空间分布的主要控制因素。结果显示,秋季航次期间胶州湾表层Ω_arag(现场)为1.85～2.57,平均值为(2.20±0.24);其分布具有较大的空间差异,低值位于湾的西部和东北部(<2.05),高值位于湾口(>2.45),总体上呈现出由湾口向湾顶逐步降低的趋势。除了通过分析Ω_arag(现场)与温度、盐度和Chl a的相关性来定性确定Ω_arag(现场)的主控因素外,我们还通过引入总碱度与溶解无机碳的差值作为Ω_arag(现场)的指征参数,定量确定了影响Ω_arag(现场)空间分布的主要过程及其贡献。研究发现,陆源输入是影响胶州湾秋季Ω_arag(现场)空间分布的最重要因素(>50%),而温度和生物过程的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

Satellite-observed trends in the Arctic sea ice concentration for the period 1979–2016     

WANG Yunhe  BI Haibo  HUANG Haijun  LIU Yanxia  LIU Yilin  LIANG Xi  FU Min  ZHANG Zehua 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(1):18-37

Arctic sea ice cover has decreased dramatically over the last three decades. This study quanti?es the sea ice concentration(SIC) trends in the Arctic Ocean over the period of 1979–2016 and analyzes their spatial and temporal variations. During each month the SIC trends are negative over the Arctic Ocean, wherein the largest(smallest) rate of decline found in September(March) is-0.48%/a(-0.10%/a).The summer(-0.42%/a) and autumn(-0.31%/a) seasons show faster decrease rates than those of winter(-0.12%/a) and spring(-0.20%/a) seasons. Regional variability is large in the annual SIC trend. The largest SIC trends are observed for the Kara(-0.60%/a) and Barents Seas(-0.54%/a), followed by the Chukchi Sea(-0.48%/a), East Siberian Sea(-0.43%/a), Laptev Sea(-0.38%/a), and Beaufort Sea(-0.36%/a). The annual SIC trend for the whole Arctic Ocean is-0.26%/a over the same period. Furthermore, the in?uences and feedbacks between the SIC and three climate indexes and three climatic parameters, including the Arctic Oscillation(AO), North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO), Dipole anomaly(DA), sea surface temperature(SST), surface air temperature(SAT), and surface wind(SW), are investigated. Statistically, sea ice provides memory for the Arctic climate system so that changes in SIC driven by the climate indices(AO, NAO and DA) can be felt during the ensuing seasons. Positive SST trends can cause greater SIC reductions, which is observed in the Greenland and Barents Seas during the autumn and winter. In contrast, the removal of sea ice(i.e., loss of the insulating layer) likely contributes to a colder sea surface(i.e., decreased SST), as is observed in northern Barents Sea. Decreasing SIC trends can lead to an in-phase enhancement of SAT, while SAT variations seem to have a lagged in?uence on SIC trends. SW plays an important role in the modulating SIC trends in two ways: by transporting moist and warm air that melts sea ice in peripheral seas(typically evident inthe Barents Sea) and by exporting sea ice out of the Arctic Ocean via passages into the Greenland and Barents Seas, including the Fram Strait, the passage between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land(S-FJL),and the passage between Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya(FJL-SZ).  相似文献   

CNOP-P-based parameter sensitivity for double-gyre variation in ROMS with simulated annealing algorithm     

YUAN Shijin  ZHANG Huazhen  LI Mi  MU Bin 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):957-967

Reducing the error of sensitive parameters by studying the parameters sensitivity can reduce the uncertainty of the model,while simulating double-gyre variation in Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS).Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation related to Parameter(CNOP-P)is an effective method of studying the parameters sensitivity,which represents a type of parameter error with maximum nonlinear development at the prediction time.Intelligent algorithms have been widely applied to solving Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP).In the paper,we proposed an improved simulated annealing(SA)algorithm to solve CNOP-P to get the optimal parameters error,studied the sensitivity of the single parameter and the combination of multiple parameters and verified the effect of reducing the error of sensitive parameters on reducing the uncertainty of model simulation.Specifically,we firstly found the non-period oscillation of kinetic energy time series of double gyre variation,then extracted two transition periods,which are respectively from high energy to low energy and from low energy to high energy.For every transition period,three parameters,respectively wind amplitude(WD),viscosity coefficient(VC)and linear bottom drag coefficient(RDRG),were studied by CNOP-P solved with SA algorithm.Finally,for sensitive parameters,their effect on model simulation is verified.Experiments results showed that the sensitivity order is WD>VC>>RDRG,the effect of the combination of multiple sensitive parameters is greater than that of single parameter superposition and the reduction of error of sensitive parameters can effectively reduce model prediction error which confirmed the importance of sensitive parameters analysis.  相似文献   

Cyclic fluctuations of anoxia during Cretaceous time in the South Atlantic Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Jacquin  P.Ch. de Graciansky 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1988,5(4)

The holes of the DSDP-IPOD program in the South Atlantic Ocean document two major anoxic events during Oxfordian to middle Albian times and secondly from late Cenomanian to Santonian times. The black shales formed during these two anoxic events differ in their rhythmicity and origin.During Lower Cretaceous time, the anoxic conditions resulted from the confined, euxinic nature of the basins. The rhythmicity of these black shales probably does not result from a global phenomenon (climatic or tectono-eustatic), but from local conditions resulting from the slender dimensions of the young ocean basin(s). The diversity and the diachroneity of the deposits from the south to the north precisely reflect the dynamics of the oceanic spreading.During Upper Cretaceous time, the anoxic conditions fluctuated in relation to a mid-water oxygen-minimum zone. The rhythmicity of black shale deposition seems to result from a global phenomenon, because of the widespread occurrence of the event. In the South Atlantic ocean, the cyclic fluctuations of anoxia were due to cyclic variations in the depth of the mid-water oxygen-minimum zone. There is no simple process to explain such rhythmicity. It probably results from the interplay of the three main variables which characterize the oceans at the time of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary: the increased rate of sea floor spreading, high sea-levels and low water-circulation.  相似文献