全文获取类型
收费全文 | 47427篇 |
免费 | 7628篇 |
国内免费 | 10284篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3714篇 |
大气科学 | 5989篇 |
地球物理 | 7990篇 |
地质学 | 23928篇 |
海洋学 | 6637篇 |
天文学 | 7825篇 |
综合类 | 2839篇 |
自然地理 | 6417篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 189篇 |
2023年 | 568篇 |
2022年 | 1501篇 |
2021年 | 1737篇 |
2020年 | 1709篇 |
2019年 | 1956篇 |
2018年 | 1565篇 |
2017年 | 1766篇 |
2016年 | 1803篇 |
2015年 | 2030篇 |
2014年 | 2740篇 |
2013年 | 2837篇 |
2012年 | 2810篇 |
2011年 | 3128篇 |
2010年 | 2861篇 |
2009年 | 3580篇 |
2008年 | 3484篇 |
2007年 | 3469篇 |
2006年 | 3363篇 |
2005年 | 3108篇 |
2004年 | 2637篇 |
2003年 | 2449篇 |
2002年 | 2106篇 |
2001年 | 1827篇 |
2000年 | 1821篇 |
1999年 | 1581篇 |
1998年 | 1348篇 |
1997年 | 935篇 |
1996年 | 791篇 |
1995年 | 672篇 |
1994年 | 648篇 |
1993年 | 546篇 |
1992年 | 376篇 |
1991年 | 347篇 |
1990年 | 238篇 |
1989年 | 183篇 |
1988年 | 167篇 |
1987年 | 84篇 |
1986年 | 64篇 |
1985年 | 60篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
111.
112.
We examine possible locations for the primordial disk of the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt (EKB), using several subsets of the known objects as markers of the total mass distribution. Using a secular perturbation theory, we find that the primordial plane of the EKB could have remained thin enough to escape detection only if it is clustered very closely about the invariable plane of the Solar System. 相似文献
113.
Photometric observations of Pluto in the BVR filter system were obtained in 1999 and in 1990-1993, and observations in the 0.89-μm methane absorption band were obtained in 2000. Our 1999 observations yield lightcurve amplitudes of 0.30 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.01, and 0.21 ± 0.02 and geometric albedos of 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.52 ± 0.03, and 0.58 ± 0.02 in the B, V, and R filters, respectively. The low-albedo hemisphere of Pluto is slightly redder than the higher albedo hemisphere. A comparison of our results and those from previous epochs shows that the lightcurve of Pluto changes substantially through time. We developed a model that fully accounts for changes in the lightcurve caused by changes in the viewing geometry between the Earth, Pluto, and the Sun. We find that the observed changes in the amplitude of Pluto’s lightcurve can be explained by viewing geometry rather than by volatile transport. We also discovered a measurable decrease since 1992 of ∼0.03 magnitudes in the amplitude of Pluto’s lightcurve, as the model predicts. Pluto’s geometric albedo does not appear to be currently increasing, as our model predicts, although given the uncertainties in both the model and the measurements of geometric albedo, this result is not firm evidence for volatile transport. The maximum of methane-absorption lightcurve occurs near the minimum of the BVR lightcurves. This result suggests that methane is more abundant in the brightest regions of Pluto. Pluto’s phase coefficient exhibits a color dependence, ranging from 0.037 ± 0.01 in the B filter to 0.032 ± 0.01 in the R filter. Pluto’s phase curve is most like those of the bright, recently resurfaced satellites Triton and Europa. Although Pluto shows no strong evidence for volatile transport now (unlike Triton), it is important to continue to observe Pluto as it moves away from perihelion. 相似文献
114.
应用给定换热器结构材料而使换热量最大的两侧换热表面的最佳匹配准则和使可用能损失率最小的最佳运行参数准则。利用两个准则间的关系 ,采用迭代的方式完成换热器的优化设计 ,使换热器的设计达到材料省、换热效果好及运行费用低的目的 ,且能在设计阶段实现。 相似文献
115.
We consider the effects of projection, internal absorption, and gas-or stellar-velocity dispersion on the measured rotation curves of galaxies with edge-on disks. Axisymmetric disk models clearly show that the rotational velocity in the inner galaxy is highly underestimated. As a result, an extended portion that imitates nearly rigid rotation appears. At galactocentric distances where the absorption is low (i.e., it does not exceed 0.3–0.5m kpc?1), the line profiles can have two peaks, and a rotation curve with minimum distortions can be obtained by estimating the position of the peak that corresponds to a higher rotational velocity. However, the high-velocity peak disappears in high-absorption regions and the actual shape of the rotation curve cannot be reproduced from line-of-sight velocity estimates. In general, the optical rotation curves for edge-on galaxies are of little use in reconstructing the mass distribution in the inner regions, particularly for galaxies with a steep velocity gradient in the central region. In this case, estimating the rotation velocities for outer (transparent) disk regions yields correct results. 相似文献
116.
117.
118.
Groundbased radio observations indicate that Jupiter's ammonia is globally depleted from 0.6 bars to at least 4-6 bars relative to the deep abundance of ∼3 times solar, a fact that has so far defied explanation. The observations also indicate that (i) the depletion is greater in belts than zones, and (ii) the greatest depletion occurs within Jupiter's local 5-μm hot spots, which have recently been detected at radio wavelengths. Here, we first show that both the global depletion and its belt-zone variation can be explained by a simple model for the interaction of moist convection with Jupiter's cloud-layer circulation. If the global depletion is dynamical in origin, then important endmember models for the belt-zone circulation can be ruled out. Next, we show that the radio observations of Jupiter's 5-μm hot spots imply that the equatorial wave inferred to cause hot spots induces vertical parcel oscillation of a factor of ∼2 in pressure near the 2-bar level, which places important constraints on hot-spot dynamics. Finally, using spatially resolved radio maps, we demonstrate that low-latitude features exceeding ∼4000 km diameter, such as the equatorial plumes and large vortices, are also depleted in ammonia from 0.6 bars to at least 2 bars relative to the deep abundance of 3 times solar. If any low-latitude features exist that contain 3-times-solar ammonia up to the 0.6-bar ammonia condensation level, they must have diameters less than ∼4000 km. 相似文献
119.
D.J. Curtis C.G. Galbraith J.C. Smyth D.B.A. Thompson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(1):75-90
The number of black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) in the Clyde Estuary is large. In summer the average density has reached 1350 gulls km?2 and in winter 180 gulls km?2. This paper compares prey selection and feeding efficiency in gulls during summer and winter on tidal flats, and considers how seasonal differences may be adaptations to cope with seasonal changes in prey availability.Gross and net rates of energy intake were highest in summer because gulls captured more of the polychaete N. diversicolor than the amphipod C. volutator. In winter, gulls selected for C. volutator and therefore an energetically less profitable diet. Throughout the year gulls selected more C. volutator relative to N. diversicolor than expected on energetic grounds and so apparently did not maximize potential net rate of energy intake.Gulls used three techniques to capture prey and made most intensive use of the ‘crouch’ technique. Crouching gulls attained a much higher net rate of energy intake than ‘upright’ or ‘paddling’ gulls.A log-linear model showed that (a) season, water depth and gull density determined feeding technique and (b) feeding technique and season independently determined foraging success and prey selection. Thus gull density and water depth acted on prey selection through imposed variations in feeding technique.Reasons for gulls selecting energetically unprofitable C. volutator and for the use of several distinct feeding techniques are discussed. 相似文献
120.
DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESOFWATERANDLANDRESOURCESINTHEHEXIREGION,CHINA肖洪浪,高前兆,李福兴DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESOFWATERANDLANDRESOURCESINTHE... 相似文献