中国海相油气田勘探实例之十四 珠江口盆地深水区流花16-2轻质油田的发现与勘探     

孙金山  刘鑫  杜克拯  蒋钱涛 《海相油气地质》2013,(1):71-78

流花16-2油田发现于2010年5月。它是南海北部珠江口盆地近年发现的中型轻质油田,也是该区自营勘探以来发现的储量最大的油田。油田位于珠江口盆地番禺低凸起东端海域深水区,流花16-2构造为断块圈闭,储层为下中新统珠江组下段及上渐新统珠海组海相中细砂岩和生物碎屑灰岩,盖层为珠江组上段巨厚层海相泥岩,具有良好的储盖组合。油源来自油田南面的白云凹陷东凹古近系恩平组—文昌组烃源岩。油藏具有埋深浅、储量丰度高、原油密度低、测试产能高等特点。论述了油田的发现与勘探历程以及油田的基本地质特征,总结了取得勘探突破的实践认识与启示。  相似文献   

Observed dynamic soil–structure interaction in scale testing of offshore wind turbine foundations     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2013

Monopile foundations have been commonly used to support offshore wind turbine generators (WTGs), but this type of foundation encounters economic and technical limitations for larger WTGs in water depths exceeding 30 m. Offshore wind farm projects are increasingly turning to alternative multipod foundations (for example tetrapod, jacket and tripods) supported on shallow foundations to reduce the environmental effects of piling noise. However the characteristics of these foundations under dynamic loading or long term cyclic wind turbine loading are not fully understood. This paper summarises the results from a series of small scaled tests (1:100, 1:150 and 1:200) of a complete National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) wind turbine model on three types of foundations: monopiles, symmetric tetrapod and asymmetric tripod. The test bed used consists of either kaolin clay or sand and up to 1.4 million loading cycles were applied. The results showed that the multipod foundations (symmetric or asymmetric) exhibit two closely spaced natural frequencies corresponding to the rocking modes of vibration in two principle axes. Furthermore, the corresponding two spectral peaks change with repeated cycles of loading and they converge for symmetric tetrapods but not for asymmetric tripods. From the fatigue design point of view, the two spectral peaks for multipod foundations broaden the range of frequencies that can be excited by the broadband nature of the environmental loading (wind and wave) thereby impacting the extent of motions. Thus the system lifespan (number of cycles to failure) may effectively increase for symmetric foundations as the two peaks will tend to converge. However, for asymmetric foundations the system life may continue to be affected adversely as the two peaks will not converge. In this sense, designers should prefer symmetric foundations to asymmetric foundations.  相似文献   

碎屑岩成像测井沉积学研究及其在海上油田的应用     

杨玉卿  崔维平  田洪 《海相油气地质》2012,(3):40-46

基于成像测井技术在我国海域含油气盆地的应用积累,提出了碎屑岩成像测井沉积学的概念。碎屑岩成像测井沉积学的主要研究内容包括地层岩性识别、沉积构造解释、沉积序列与微相分析、砂体物源与古流向分析、砂体分布预测等五个方面。利用南海西部的实际资料,运用成像测井技术,对五方面的应用逐一分析或提出了应用前提、使用步骤、注意要点、已有规律特征以及典型实例。  相似文献   

我国海上油田开采模式与强化采油技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

伊继涛  袁春鸿  赵宪堂 《山东国土资源》2012,28(2):34-37

与陆上油田相比,海上油田的开采难度大、设备维护费用高,这就决定了海上油田必须以最短的时间产生最大的经济效益,获得最大采收率。因此,该文研究了海上油田的开采模式和三次采油的配套技术,提出了加快一次采油,模糊二、三次采油界限的新模式,并对适合海洋油田的聚合物的性能进行了分析,为油田的增效提供了参考。  相似文献   

Relation between beachface morphology and wave climate at Trafalgar beach (Cádiz, Spain)     

Miguel Ortega-Snchez  Sandra Fachin  Francisco Sancho  Miguel A. Losada 《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):171-185

Two years of offshore wave data and daily time exposure images from Trafalgar beach, a 2-km-long sandy beach located on the southwest coast of Spain that frequently exhibits rhythmic features, were used to (1) explore the variability of the beachface morphology and (2) determine environmental conditions associated with the different morphological states. The beachface morphology at three distinct alongshore sectors was analyzed and classified and five different morphological states were found that are related with the presence or absence of beach cusps and a berm: (1) large beach cusps, (2) small beach cusps, (3) low-tide terrace; (4) plane beach berm and (5) plane beach. The predominant beachface morphology is characterized by the presence of large beach cusps, and the main wave climate consisted of offshore significant wave heights ranging from 0.5–1 m and wave periods between 4 and 12 s. An alongshore variation of the morphology is found which might be related to the nearshore wave variability (SWAN wave model results). The morphologies are, in some cases, well-correlated with the daily offshore incident wave climate (described by the daily maximum significant wave height and the corresponding period), particularly for the moderate to high energy wave conditions. Small beach cusps appear under short period waves, whereas when the wave periods are longer the morphology tends to change to large beach cusps. This transition only occurs if the forcing is maintained as constant for a certain duration, which depends itself on the wave energy. It is concluded that correlations over 90% are only found for the highest wave energy conditions or under long wave periods. For the remainder, it is not possible to generally correlate the beachface morphology based only on the wave forcing because the previous morphological state cannot be ignored.  相似文献   

Behavioral responses of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to playbacks of broadband pile driving sounds     

《Marine environmental research》2013

The high under-water sound pressure levels (SPLs) produced during pile driving to build offshore wind turbines may affect harbor porpoises. To estimate the discomfort threshold of pile driving sounds, a porpoise in a quiet pool was exposed to playbacks (46 strikes/min) at five SPLs (6 dB steps: 130–154 dB re 1 μPa). The spectrum of the impulsive sound resembled the spectrum of pile driving sound at tens of kilometers from the pile driving location in shallow water such as that found in the North Sea. The animal's behavior during test and baseline periods was compared. At and above a received broadband SPL of 136 dB re 1 μPa [zero-peak sound pressure level: 151 dB re 1 μPa; t₉₀: 126 ms; sound exposure level of a single strike (SEL_ss): 127 dB re 1 μPa² s] the porpoise's respiration rate increased in response to the pile driving sounds. At higher levels, he also jumped out of the water more often. Wild porpoises are expected to move tens of kilometers away from offshore pile driving locations; response distances will vary with context, the sounds' source level, parameters influencing sound propagation, and background noise levels.  相似文献   

The Potential for Environmentally Sound Development of Marine Deposits of Potassic and Phosphatic Minerals Offshore,Southern Africa     

S. K. P. Coles  C. I. Wright  D. A. Sinclair  P. Van den Bossche 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):87-110

Extensive potassium and phosphorous-rich mineralization occurs on the outer continental shelf of the southern and west coasts of South Africa and Nambia. This article reviews the potential of exploiting these deposits in an environmentally sound manner for the manufacture of fertilizer. At present, reserves of potash and phosphate fertilizer are exploited from terresterial deposits, the majority being surface mined. The use of fertilizer in South Africa has shown no growth in the past 13 years, and, in some years, usage has even declined. On average, over the last decade, South Africa has consumed 2 million Mt of fertilizer (including nitrogen) per annum, the vast majority of phosphate fertilizer being produced by FOSKOR from the Phalaborwa Igneous Complex. Potash fertilizer is imported into South Africa. Although fertilizer consumption is expected to decrease in the short-term, there are good future prospects for the domestic and international fertilizer market. Considerable research into both glauconitic (containing K 2 O) and phosphatic deposits along the southern African continental shelf indicate that these sedimentary deposits have a complex genesis and mineralization. Of the total K 2 O reserves of 1300 million Mt on the southern African margin, 1000 million Mt is located off the southern African west coast, and the remainder situated on the Agulhas Bank. The largest glauconite concentration ( - 300 million Mt K 2 O) off southern Africa lies west of Saldanha Bay, South Africa. The distribution of P 2 O 5 off southern Africa is dominated by the vast deposit between Walvis Bay and Luderitz, Nambia. This reserve is estimated to contain 1000 million Mt of greater than 5% P 2 O 5 in a relatively small area of about 10000 km2. The phosphorite deposit south of Saldanha Bay constitutes a reserve of - 3500 million Mt of apatite and the deposit on the Agulhas Bank comprises 5500 million Mt. The phosphate deposit off Saldanha Bay occurs as an extensive, low to medium grade deposit. Although vast resources of potash and phosphatic minerals occur along the southern African outer continental shelf the expensive nature of marine exploitation may render most of these deposits, especially the phosphates, subeconomic. The low price of fertilizer andextensive natureontheonland deposits, although confined to asmallnumber of countries, mean that it will not be financially viable to extract these deposits. Assuming high grade glauconitic sand with the right composition can be located, the high market price indicates good future prospects for these potash deposits.  相似文献   

Jacked model pile shafts in offshore calcareous soils     

C. Y. Lee  H. G. Poulous 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):247-274

Abstract

This paper describes the results of laboratory tests carried out on model pile shafts in a variety of reconstituted calcareous sands and on silica sand. The factors influencing both the skin friction under static loading and the degradation of skin friction under cyclic loading have been investigated. The grading and crushability of the particles appears to have a significant influence on both, with less favourable performance being found for uniformly graded crushable particles. Relative density and overconsolidation ratio also have some influence.

Under cyclic loading, the amplitude of cyclic displacement and, more specifically, the cyclic slip displacement, influence the extent of cyclic degradation of skin friction.  相似文献   

Design and functions of floating architecture – a review     

Yuan-Ho Lin  Yung Chih Lin  Han-Shih Tan 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(7):880-889

Abstract

Floating facilities such as, floating islands, floating houses, industries and, entire cities are constructions for habitation, entertainment, industrial or commercial purposes, and infrastructures are built to float on fresh- or seawater. They can be floating on air-filled or light materials. Recent developments in the ocean show a trend of offshore constructions, which can be situated above deeper waters, further offshore. These can replace the development of reclaimed lands close to shore. Floating architecture provides certain advantages for the planning of sustainable design, such as: (a) a number of viable responses to the problem of rising sea level, (b) much-needed space replacing the lack of land for agriculture, for housing, and for commercial growth, (c) the creation of new and innovative tourist destinations, (d) a much smaller ecological footprint than land-based constructions, (e) the extension of city centers that are built near the coast; (f) the possibility of green planning at an unclaimed plot. We present here a review of existing floating architecture with different functions, from housing, entertainment, and food production to industrial purposes such as wind parks and desalinization plants.  相似文献   

1992-2011年夏季南海西部离岸流区涡流相互作用特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李晗  王强  黄科  刘钦燕  TILAK Priyadarshan  管玉平  王东晓 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):912-925

本文利用南海海洋再分析产品REDOS（Reanalysis Dataset of the South China Sea）和风场资料CCMP（Cross-Calibrated,Multi-Platform）,从能量学角度探讨了1992-2011年夏季（6-9月）越南离岸流区域涡-流相互作用特征,并通过能量收支方程诊断评估了风应力、压力梯度、正压不稳定以及平流的相对贡献。以越南离岸流的强度作为分类标准,对1992-2011年划分为正异常年、负异常年和正常年。结果表明,在正异常年,涡动能EKE（Eddy Kinetic Energy）和涡势能EPE（Eddy available Potential Energy）极大值主要分布在越南离岸流附近;在负异常年,EKE极大值向南北两侧分散,EPE极大值向北延伸;在正常年,EKE和EPE的极值空间分布介于正负异常之间。斜压不稳定是EPE年际变化的主要因素,越南离岸流影响周围海域的速度和密度分布,是斜压不稳定的主要原因。而影响EKE年际变化的因素较为复杂,压力做功是最主要的影响因素,风应力做功和平流做功次之,正压不稳定最小,其中正压不稳定依赖于流速大小和由风应力旋度扰动引起的上层水平流速剪切。  相似文献