The upper Cenomanian–lower Turonian carbonate platform of the Preafrican Trough,Morocco: Biostratigraphic,paleoecological and paleobiogeographical distribution of ostracods     

《Cretaceous Research》2013

The upper Cenomanian–lower Turonian paleoenvironments of the Preafrican Trough carbonate platform is characterized by analyzing the structure of the ostracod assemblages and the information provided by other groups, and also by linking together the paleontological and geochemical data (detrital influx-redox-paleoproductivity proxies, δ¹³C curve). Two different domains (eastern and western) can be recognized on the platform during the late Cenomanian, before the onset of the OAE2. The western domain corresponds to a low-energy environment developed on a mid and/or outer ramp with hypoxic waters, low detrital influx and low paleoproductivity. The paleoecological assemblages show limited specific diversity but variable density. The ostracods are opportunistic and unspecialized (r strategists), being associated with Buliminidae, surface and intermediate-water planktonic foraminifera, and fishes. The eastern domain corresponds to an inner ramp and/or peritidal environment with oxic waters, low detrital influx and low paleoproductivity, developed in a higher energy environment with paleoecological assemblages showing high diversity but variable density. The ostracods are more specialized (K strategists), being represented by diverse and constant assemblages associated with diversified benthic foraminifera, calcareous sponges and echinoderms, as well as intermediate- and deep-water planktonic foraminifera. The onset of the OAE2 has no influence on the western ostracod assemblages, but leads to the decline of the ostracod fauna and the disappearance of the deep-water planktonic foraminifera in the eastern domain. During the early Turonian, after the OAE2, the platform becomes an outer ramp with increased paleoproductivity, but is associated with a decrease of taxonomic diversity in hypoxic waters. The ostracods are very sparse and unspecialized, associated with siliceous sponges, Buliminidae, surface-living planktonic foraminifera, fishes and pelagic crinoids. Marine paleobiogeographic communication is relatively easy across the carbonate platforms between the Preafrican Trough and other Moroccan regions, as well as between Morocco and different parts of the South Tethyan and East Atlantic margins belonging to the Cenomanian–Turonian South Tethyan Ostracod Province (STOP). Thirteen new species are described: Cytherella tazzouguertensis n. sp., Bairdiacypris chaabetensis n. sp., Bythocypris amelkisensis n. sp., Pontocypris tadighoustensis n. sp., Procytherura? elongatissima n. sp., Loxoconcha akrabouensis n. sp., Hemiparacytheridea sagittaemucronata n. sp., Rehacythereis errachidiaensis n. sp., Rehacythereis zizensis n. sp., Veenia (Nigeria) tardaensis n. sp., Veenia (Nigeria) mediacostarobusta n. sp., Xestoleberis? preafricanensis n. sp., and Xestoleberis circinatus n. sp.  相似文献   

华南沿海2011年7月15—18日持续暴雨过程中的季风槽与中尺度对流系统相互作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒙伟光  张艳霞  袁金南  李春晖  梁巧倩  吴乃庚 《气象学报》2014,72(3):508-525

应用NCEP FNL再分析资料及位涡分离反演等方法,对华南沿海2011年7月15—18日持续暴雨过程中季风槽与中尺度对流系统的相互作用进行了研究,主要针对暴雨发生期间季风槽气旋性涡度向上发展的机理及其对季风槽维持发展和中尺度对流系统活动的影响进行分析。结果发现,季风槽的中尺度对流系统发展于弱斜压性环境中,大多在槽东西两端涡度中心区发展最强。南侧盛行的西南低空急流为对流反复发生提供了对流发展的“可维持性”条件,是对流得以组织发展成为中尺度对流系统的重要原因。涡度收支诊断表明,季风槽气旋性涡度生成主要由中尺度对流系统低层辐合引起。位涡分离反演结果证实,季风槽气旋性环流增强主要由与中尺度对流系统潜热加热相关的扰动位涡造成,并随着中尺度对流系统加热峰值高度升高而向上发展,是大尺度环流对中尺度对流系统潜热加热动力响应的结果。在季风槽东西两端,由于中尺度对流系统发展强烈且持续,具有更高的加热效率,引起的气旋性涡度向上发展最为明显。其结果可引起中尺度对流系统西南一侧向北非地转风发展,并在地转偏向力作用下增强西风,维持低空急流的发展,为对流反复发生提供条件。这些都说明季风槽大尺度环流与中尺度对流系统相互作用在中尺度对流系统和持续暴雨形成过程中有重要作用。  相似文献   

Seismic hazard in Takamatsu Japan from fault trenching and paleo-liquefaction studies     

S. Hasegawa  W. D. L. Finn 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):901-909

Takamatsu is a harbor city of 330,000 people on the northern shore of Shikoku Island, southwest Japan. Earthquakes in the Nankai Trough, typically of magnitude M 8+, have been considered the primary source of seismic hazard for the island and Takamatsu. A major active fault system, the Median Tectonic Line, runs across the Shikoku from east to west near the north shore. There is no documented historical seismicity associated with this major fault system in Shikoku or with associated faults such as the 20 km Nagao Fault near Takamatsu. Therefore the trenches were cut across some of the more important faults to expose the record of past seismicity. Additional data on past seismicity is derived from paleo-liquefaction studies in the Takamatsu plain. This paper describes the trenching and paleo-seismic studies and discusses the implications of the findings for seismic hazard in Takamatsu.  相似文献   

Tectonics and sedimentation around Kashinosaki Knoll: A subducting basement high in the eastern Nankai Trough     

Toshihiro  Ike  Gregory F.  Moore  Shin'ichi  Kuramoto  Jin-Oh  Park  Yoshiyuki  Kaneda  Asahiko  Taira 《Island Arc》2008,17(3):358-375

Abstract   When seamounts and other topographic highs on an oceanic plate are subducted, they cause significant deformation of the overriding plate and may act as asperities deeper in the seismogenic zone. Kashinosaki Knoll (KK) is an isolated basement high of volcanic origin on the subducting Philippine Sea Plate that will soon be subducted at the eastern Nankai Trough. Seismic reflection imaging reveals a thick accumulation of sediments (∼1200 m) over and around the knoll. The lower portion of the sedimentary section has a package of high-amplitude, continuous reflections, interpreted as turbidites, that lap onto steep basement slopes but are parallel to the gentler basement slopes. Total sediment thickness on the western and northern slopes is approximately 40–50% more than on the summit and southeastern slopes of KK. These characteristics imply that the basal sedimentary section northwest of KK was deposited by infrequent high-energy turbidity currents, whereas the area southeast of KK was dominated by hemipelagic sedimentation over asymmetric basement relief. From the sediment structure and magnetic anomalies, we estimate that the knoll likely formed near the spreading center of the Shikoku Basin in the early Miocene. Its origin differs from that of nearby Zenisu Ridge, which is a piece of the Shikoku Basin crust uplifted along a thrust fault related to the collision of the Izu–Bonin arc and Honshu. KK has been carried into the margin of the Nankai Trough, and its high topography is deflecting Quaternary trench turbidites to the south. When KK collides with the accretionary prism in about 1 My, the associated variations in sediment type and thickness around the knoll will likely result in complex local variations in prism deformation.  相似文献   

Altitude variation of the plasmapause signature in the main ionospheric trough     

Joseph M. Grebowsky  Robert F. Benson  Phillip A. Webb  Vladimir Truhlik  Dieter Bilitza 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(16):1669-1676

The projection of the plasmapause magnetic-field lines to low altitudes, where the light-ion chemistry is dominated by O⁺, tends to occur near the minimum electron density in the main (midlatitude) electron density trough at night. With increasing altitude in the trough, where H⁺ emerges as the dominant ion on the low-latitude boundary, we have found cases where the plasmapause field lines are located on the sharp low-latitude side of the trough as expected if this topside ionosphere H⁺ distribution varies in step with the plasmapause gradient in the distant plasmasphere. These conclusions are based on near-equatorial crossings of the plasmapause (corresponding to the steep gradient in the dominant species H⁺) by the Explorer-45 satellite as determined from electric-field measurements by Maynard and Cauffman in the early 1970s and ISIS-2 ionospheric topside-sounder measurements. The former data have now been converted to digital form and made available at http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov. The latter provide samples of nearly coincident observations of ionospheric main trough crossings near the same magnetic-field lines of the Explorer 45-determined equatorial plasmapause. The ISIS-2 vertical electron density profiles are used to infer where the F-region transitions from an O⁺ to a H⁺ dominated plasma through the main trough boundaries.  相似文献   

南海西沙海槽S14站位的地球化学异常特征及其意义   总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16  

祝有海  饶竹  刘坚  刘亚玲  白瑞梅 《现代地质》2005,19(1):39-44

西沙海槽具备良好的天然气水合物的形成条件,并已发现与其有关的地球物理标志--模拟海底反射层（BSR）。通过对西沙海槽S14大型活塞站位的孔隙水和沉积物样品进行化学组分、酸解烃和热释光等方面的分析测试,结果发现在海底之下4～5 m区间存在着较明显的高盐高烃异常,其中酸解烃中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷含量及其热释光值均有所增高,孔隙水中的绝大部分离子及其盐度也存在着明显的升高,这一高盐高烃异常可能是下部与天然气水合物有关的孔隙流体沿着断层向上迁移所致。这些地球化学异常以及模拟海底反射层等地球物理标志显示该站位之下可能存在天然气水合物。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中部玄武岩的岩石学和地球化学研究     

韩宗珠  于航  赵广涛  吕海燕 《海洋科学》2005,29(6):17-21

1992年冲绳海槽地质调查时,在134站(126°56′7″E,27°30′0″N)共采集到3件玄武岩样品,其中1件取自134站表层样,另外2件取自134站柱状样中的118-143cm处和193- 218cm处(刀口位置)。通过对上述3件玄武岩样品的岩相学、岩石化学组成、稀土元素和微量元素和锶同位素比值分析研究,认为本区玄武岩具多期次喷发特征,早期喷发形成的玄武岩中单斜辉石质量分数较低,晚期喷发形成的玄武岩中单斜辉石质量分数相对较高,表明了单斜辉石为晚期结晶堆积产物。本区玄武岩稀土配分模式与岛弧拉斑玄武岩基本一致,其87Sr与86Sr质量分数比值m(87Sr)/m(86Sr)为0.7046,亦与岛弧拉斑玄武岩相当。最后利用Rb-Sr丰度特征确定本区的地壳厚度为19-24 km。  相似文献   

The sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough during the Late Quaternary   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

XIONG Yingqian  LIU Zhenxi  LI Tiegang  LIU Yanguang  YU Hua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(4):146-154

On the basis of accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon （AMS ^14C） dating, sedimentation rates of 11 cores collected from the northern to southern Okinawa Trough are discussed. The sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough roughly range from 11 to 39cm/ka, and the average is 23.0cm/ka. China＇s continental matter is the main sediment source of the middle Okinawa Trough and has important contribution to the northern and southern Okinawa Trough. The sedimentation rates during the marine oxygen isotope （MIS） 2 are uniformly higher than those during MIS 1 in the northern and middle Okinawa Trough while they are on the contrary in the southern Okinawa Trough. Sedimentation rates in the Okinawa Trough can be one of the proxies of sediment source and an indicator of cooling events.  相似文献   

南海西沙海槽典型地震相识别与分析     

张志杰  于兴河 《海洋地质前沿》2005,21(1):40-44

西沙海槽区作为气水合物的可能聚集地越来越受到关注。浅析地震相分析方法,通过地震相标志的识别,归纳出自中中新世以来,西沙海槽发育有8种地震相：S形前积地震相、斜交前积地震相、下超型前积地震相、丘状地震相、杂乱地震相、空白地震相、透镜状地震相和席状地震相。较细致地描述了各种地震相的反射特征,并结合研究区的沉积背景,对不同地震相的沉积学特征做出了合理解释。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘天然气水合物存在的可能性分析   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

孟宪伟  刘保华 《沉积学报》2000,18(4):629-633

海洋中的天然气水合物主要发育在有机质供应充分、沉积速率快、热流值较高、水深大于300m的大陆斜坡和活动边缘的增生楔发育区;沉积物类型主要以泥质砂岩、砂质泥岩和浊积岩为主。似海底反射层(BSR)和极性反转是识别天然气水合物层的关键标志。冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘水深大于1000m;沉积物类型主要为粉砂质泥和泥质粉砂,在部分层位见浊积层。与东海陆架相比,西陆坡下缘的有机质含量、沉积速率的热流值都较高,其范围分别为0.75%～1.25%、10～40cm/ka和70～437mw/m2;单道地震剖面具有明显的似海底反射层(BSR)和极性反转特征,因此,推断冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘可能存在天然气水合物层。  相似文献