渤海湾表层沉积物中有机污染物组成、来源及其生态风险     

胡树起  汤丽玲  马生明 《物探与化探》2014,(2):309-317,324

利用气相色谱—质谱方法对渤海湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行了测定,并研究了PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的组成与分布规律。结果表明,PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的均值分别为108×10-9、0.08×10-9和0.69×10-9,海域环境相对安全,但PAHs已呈现不利于人类及海洋生物健康的迹象。研究认为,PAHs主要来源于陆域的能源消耗;PCBs组成以低氯代联苯为主,高氯代组分极低;HCHs以工业输入为主,且发生了后期转化;DDTs主要是历史残留,且以厌氧方式降解。与国内同类研究相比,调查海域沉积物中PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于最低水平,并在近十年内呈现出降低的趋势。  相似文献   

土壤pH值对土壤多环芳烃纵向迁移影响的模拟实验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

康耘  葛晓立 《岩矿测试》2010,29(2):123-126

影响土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)纵向迁移行为的环境因素很多。文章以氧化钙和冰乙酸改变采自徐州土壤的pH值水平,人工装填土柱进行纵向淋滤试验,研究pH值对土壤PAHs纵向迁移行为的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值的变化加强了PAHs在土柱中的纵向淋滤能力,表层土壤中的PAHs可迅速向底层转移;不同种类的PAHs淋滤特性表现不同,pH值增加更能增强低环PAHs的迁移淋滤能力,pH值降低则更能促进高环PAHs从土壤表层向深部迅速迁移。  相似文献   

Potential hazards in smoke-flavored fish     

Hong Lin  Jie Jiang  Donghua Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3):294-298

Smoking is widely used in fish processing for the color and flavor. Smoke flavorings have evolved as a successful alter- native to traditional smoking. The hazards of the fish products treated by liquid-smoking process are discussed in this review. The smoke flavoring is one important ingredient in the smoke-flavored fish. This paper gives the definition of smoke flavorings and the hazard of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) residue in the smoke flavorings on the market. It gives also an assessment of chemical hazards such as carcinogenic PAHs, especially Benzo-[a]pyrene, as well as biological hazards such as Listeria monocyto- genes, Clostridium botulinum, histamine and parasites in smoke-flavored fish. The limitations in regulations or standards are dis- cussed. Smoke flavored fish have lower content of PAHs as compared with the traditional smoking techniques if the PAHs residue in smoke flavorings is controlled by regulations or standards.  相似文献   

Distribution and source differentiation of PAHs and PCBs among size and density fractions in contaminated harbor sediment particles and their implications in toxicological assessment     

Huang YJ  Lee CL  Fang MD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):432-439

Sediment samples collected from Kaohsiung Harbor (Taiwan) were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 118 individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in various particle size fractions and two density fractions. The PAHs in the low density fraction were a much more sensitive and effective indicator of the PAH source than those in the sediment as a whole. Hierarchical cluster analysis of PAH analytes in the low density sediments revealed significant differences in compositional patterns between locations and among size fractions. In the sediment samples from both study sites, the low density fraction particles had up to 155 and 150 times higher concentrations of PAHs and PCBs, respectively, than those in the corresponding high density fractions. In addition, the total toxic benzo[a]pyrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD, dioxin) equivalents in the sediment low density fractions were much higher (up to 170 and 273 times, respectively) than the corresponding high density fractions.  相似文献   

Diffuse pollution by persistent organic pollutants as measured in plastic pellets sampled from various beaches in Greece     

Karapanagioti HK  Endo S  Ogata Y  Takada H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):312-317

Plastic pellets found stranded on beaches are hydrophobic organic materials and thus, they are a favourable medium for persistent organic pollutants to absorb to. In the present study, plastic pellets are used to determine the diffuse pollution of selected Greek beaches. Samples of pellets were taken from these beaches and were analyzed for PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, and PAHs. The observed differences among pellets from various sampling sites are related to the pollution occurring at each site. Plastic pellets collected in Saronikos Gulf beaches demonstrate much higher pollutant loading than the ones collected in a remote island or close to an agricultural area. Based on data collected in this study and the International Pellet Watch program, pollution in Saronikos Gulf, Greece, is comparable to other heavily industrialized places of the world. The present study demonstrates the potential of pellet watch to be utilized as a detailed-scale monitoring tool within a single country.  相似文献   

Distribution and characteristics of PAHs in sediments from the Mediterranean coastal environment of Egypt   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Assem O. Barakat  Alaa Mostafa  Stephen T. Sweet 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(9):1969-1978

To assess the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Mediterranean coastal environment of Egypt, 26 sediment samples from the coastline, harbours, estuaries and coastal lakes were collected and analyzed. The sediment PAH concentrations of thirty-nine 2-6 ring PAHs ranged from 13.5 to 22,600 ng/g. PAH profiles varied according to the nature of the site and its proximity to sources. Industrialized and urbanized region showed high level of PAHs contamination. In general, the contamination levels of PAHs were similar to those observed in contaminated and slightly contaminated sediments of the Mediterranean Sea. Molecular indices based on ratios of selected PAH concentrations were used to differentiate PAHs from pyrogenic and petrogenic and mixed origins. Good correlations were observed between the petrogenic index, MP/P, A-PAHs/P-PAHs and HMW/LMW. Finally, PAH levels in sediments were compared with Sediments Quality Guidelines (ERM-ERL) for evaluation of probable toxic effects on organism.  相似文献   

河流沉积物多环芳烃标准样品的制备与定值   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

房丽萍  吴忠祥  王伟  宋祥梅  封跃鹏  田衎  王晓燕 《岩矿测试》2013,32(5):767-774

多环芳烃环境标准样品是保证多环芳烃环境监测和污染调查数据可靠性以及不同实验室间分析数据可比性必不可少的计量工具。美国NIST、欧盟IRMM、英国LGC等研究机构已有沉积物多环芳烃环境标准样品,但浓度水平大部分集中在mg/kg浓度水平,与我国当前的污染水平存在一定差距,难以满足痕量分析(μg/kg)质量保证与质量控制的要求。而我国受天然基体标准样品制备技术和定值分析技术的制约,尚没有研制沉积物多环芳烃环境标准样品。本文研制了适合我国多环芳烃环境监测和科学研究需要的河流沉积物标准样品。沉积物样品采集自松花江哈尔滨段流域,经过自然阴干、研磨、筛分、混匀和灭菌等加工处理,分层随机抽取15瓶样品对16种多环芳烃进行均匀性研究,结果表明样品均匀性良好。在30℃避光保存条件下,采用线性模型进行稳定性研究,标准样品在16个月稳定性检验期间未发现不稳定变化趋势。11家实验室对该河流沉积物标准样品采用气相色谱-质谱法和液相色谱法进行联合定值,经统计分析处理评定出14种多环芳烃的标准值和不确定度,并给出2种多环芳烃的参考值,特性量值在6.9~158 μg/kg之间,不确定度在1.5~25 μg/kg之间,可以满足多环芳烃痕量分析质量保证与质量控制的要求。该标准样品被批准为国家标准样品,填补了国内此类标准样品和标准物质空白,已成功应用于土壤和沉积物样品中多环芳烃的监测,可为进一步开展有机污染物环境基体标准样品研制提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

一株多环芳烃芘降解菌的鉴定及其降解特性研究     

卢仕严  曹永军  招嘉佩  何红  孙省利 《海洋科学》2014,38(8):21-25

从红树植物红海榄叶片中分离一株对芘具有较好降解作用的海洋细菌,命名为B11,并对其菌体特征、生长条件及降解效能等进行了系统研究。结果发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,结合其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列比对,表明此菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas sp.)。菌株在芘的起始浓度为100 mg/L,pH为中性或偏碱性条件下,盐度35时对芘的降解作用最强。外加碳源对B11对芘的降解效果都具有一定的抑制作用,其中水杨酸的抑制作用更为显著。综合菌株B11的生长特性和降解效能,初步认为B11菌株较适合用于降解多环芳烃芘,可用于红树植物多环芳烃生态污染的原位修复。  相似文献   

Chemical speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments: Partitioning and extraction of humic substances     

Santino Orecchio  Maria Rosaria Mannino 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1175-1181

The primary objective of this study was to examine the chemical speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in sediments endowed with different characteristics. To achieve this purpose and because the nature of the sediments influences the distribution of PAHs, we have analyzed four different types of sediments. To study the role of organic matter in the sequestration of PAHs, we fractionated humic substances into humic acids and humin-mineral fractions. After their separation and purification, the humic components were examined for their sorptive reactivity by extracting them with organic solvents; these extracts were subsequently subjected to GC/MS analysis. Our results show that PAHs are distributed between labile and sequestered fractions in sediments. A slower uptake of PAHs occurs when the sequestered fraction is formed, and this process can be prolonged and may be influenced by the characteristics if the sediment. Our study suggests that organic contaminants are available in muddy sediments for a longer period of time than in sandy sediments.  相似文献   

Origin and analysis of aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons in northeast United Kingdom coastal marine sediments     

J. Ibbotson 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):1136-1141

Sediment samples from multiple sites in the North Sea Coast of England were solvent extracted and analysed by a quadruple gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer detector in order to determine the concentration and distribution of aliphatic and alicyclic n-alkanes. Results indicate that most of the organic species present in the sediment samples consisted of anthropogenically derived long chain aliphatic and alicyclic n-alkanes (_nC_{10-15, 17, 19-21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 43}), n-alkanols, n-alkanals, n-alkanones, esters as well as many volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Chemical composition of samples and relative concentration were found to vary both spatially and temporally on all scales. These variations are mainly attributable to spatial and temporal variations in source but also parameters such as rainfall, turbulence and micro-organism activity also account for the observed trends.  相似文献