Seasonal variation of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM10 in Guangzhou, China   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

Ji-Hua Tan  Xin-Hui Bi  Jing-Cun Duan  Kenneth A. Rahn  Guo-Ying Sheng  Jia-Mo Fu 《Atmospheric Research》2006,80(4):250-262

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the urban atmosphere. An investigation on seasonal variation of PAHs in the urban atmosphere of Guangzhou, China was conducted in this study. 112 PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm) samples were collected at two sites between June 2002 and June 2003. PAHs were analyzed with GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The result showed that PAHs exhibit distinct seasonal variation. The seasonal concentration for the ∑PAHs ranged from 8.11 to 106.26 ng m^− 3. The average ∑PAHs measured were highest in winter and lowest in summer. The PAHs distribution patterns were similar within each season at two sites. 5–6 ring PAHs were the abundant compounds, which accounted for 65–90% of ∑PAHs and benzo [b + k] fluoranthene dominated in four seasons. The PAHs concentration and distribution pattern fluctuated greatly in winter for the cold air current. Based on the different temperature in winter, the samples were split into two groups. PM10 and the abundance of the PAHs in winter-1 (temperature, 12–22 °C) were much greater than in winter-2 (temperature, 8–12 °C). In winter-1 benzo [b + k] fluoranthene and Indeno [1, 2, 3] pyrene dominated while chrysene and benzo [b + k] fluoranthene dominated in winter-2. Meteorological conditions such as wind speed and temperature had a strong influence on the seasonal variation. Potential sources of PAHs were identified using the molecular diagnostic ratios between PAHs. Results showed fossil fuel combustion may be the major source of PAHs at the two sites.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of phenanthrene-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. GY2B     

Xueqin TAO Guining LU Zhi DANG Chen YANG Xiaoyun YI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):109-109

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are of great concern since most of them have been shown to be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Bioremediation, based on certain species of microorganisms, is regarded as an alternative method to detoxify or remove PAHs from the contaminated sites. Phenanthrene has been often used as a model substance for microbial metabolism of ＂bay-region＂ and ＂K-region＂ containing carcinogenic PAH. The focus of the present study is to isolate and identify microorganisms which could use phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source. Such microorganisms are expected to be of interest as a source organism for the bioremediation of PAHs polluted soils. The bacterial consortia were enriched from PAH contaminated soils with water-silicon oil biphasic systems. An aerobic bacterial strain efficiently utilizing phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from bacterial consortia GY2 and identified as Sphingomonas sp. strain GY2B. Strain GY2B was susceptible to some common used antibiotics such as cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline and intermediate susceptible to amoxycillin. Moreover, no plasmids could be isolated from strain GY2B using the standard alkaline-SDS method. At pH 7.4 and 30℃ strain GY2B had an optimal growth condition and in this condition above 99.8% phenanthrene was degraded under initial concentration of 100 mg/L. The addition of low concentration of glucose （10-200 mg/L） in MSM containing 100 mg/L phenanthrene could enhance the growth of strain GY2B, while the high concentration of glucose （〉500 mg/L） could exert an inhibitive effect on cell growth. Besides phenanthrene, strain GY2B could also use naphthalene, phenol, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 2-naphthol, salicylic acid and catechol as the sole carbon and energy source. The growth of strain GY2B on salicylic acid and catechol showed that the degradation of phenanthrene might follow salicylate pathway.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition to and exchange at the air-water interface of Luhu, an urban lake in Guangzhou, China     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):189-190

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黏性土对垃圾渗滤液中多环芳烃吸附机理与规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘长礼  庞雅婕  王翠玲  赵悦文  侯宏冰  吕敦玉 《地质论评》2018,64(4):905-912

论文以华北平原某垃圾场为例,选取低环萘(2环)和高环苯并[ghi]苝(6环)即迁移能力最强与最弱的两类多环芳烃的代表性物质为研究对象,采用0.01 mol/L CaCl_2溶液与垃圾渗滤液两种背景溶液,通过试验分析黏性土对多环芳烃吸附动力学、等温吸附性,揭示出垃圾渗滤液中多环芳烃在包气带黏性土中吸附规律和机理,这一研究对探讨黏性土吸附垃圾中多环芳烃的阻隔规律和地下水污染防治具有重要意义。  相似文献   

混合原油的甾萜类和多环芳烃标志物短期风化规律研究     

贺世杰  王传远  韩彬  于洪军 《海洋学报》2015,37(2):1-10

将胜利和塔西两种原油以不同比例混合后置于人工气候箱进行风化模拟实验,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测风化样品中的生物标志化合物,探讨和揭示短期风化作用对混合溢油常用的甾萜类和多环芳烃诊断指标的影响。结果表明经过15d的短期风化,在混源比例大于10%时,各系列混合油样的甾萜类生物标志物诊断指标与单一油品的相关诊断比值的差异性和混源油品比例值呈明显正相关。各系列混合油样中的常用萘及烷基萘等指标不适宜作为短期溢油来源鉴别的指标,但可以作为溢油是否发生混合的间接判定指标。根据常用的多环芳烃相关诊断指标,可将各系列油样的短期风化模式依据混源油品中塔西油田原油所占比例大致分为3类(20%~50%、10%和0%)。多环芳烃系列诊断指标的相对标准偏差(RSD%)与混源油品比例有关,混源塔西油样的比例越高,PAHs系列指标的RSD%越大,稳定性越差。  相似文献   

Monitoring of organic pollutants in coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kot-Wasik A  Debska J  Namieśnik J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(3):264-276

This paper presents an overview of changes in organic pollution of coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea). Toxic pollutants including volatile organic compounds (VOC), volatile organohalogen compounds (VOX), chlorophenols, phenoxyacids, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in seawater from the Gulf of Gdańsk coastal waters in the period 1996-2001. In the case of the Gulf of Gdańsk, non-conservative behaviour of VOC was observed due to random temporal and spatial of inputs along the Vistula estuary and to the dilution of VOC-enriched river water with seawater. The concentrations of VOX in seawater decreased throughout the period and the concentrations of VOX were in the range of few ng dm(-3) up to 250 ng dm(-3), similar to estuaries elsewhere. The average concentrations of chlorophenols and phenoxyacids were between 0.1 and 6.0 and 0.05 and 2.2 microg dm(-3), respectively. However, remarkably high concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol (6 microg dm(-3)) were obtained in samples collected from the Vistula River. Generally concentrations of PCBs did not exceed few ng dm(-3) with the exception of 1999, when all samples exhibited elevated concentrations of PCBs. In addition, higher concentrations of PCBs in the open sea compared to river waters suggested localised inputs. Due to the ability of most organic pollutants to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, especially the persistent organic pollutants, continued monitoring is of crucial importance for the health of marine life in the Gulf of Gdańsk.  相似文献   

Promoted dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils by amaranth (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amaranthus tricolor</Emphasis> L.)     

Wanting?Ling  Yanzheng?GaoEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(5):553-560

A study was conducted to investigate the performance of amaranth, a known hyperaccumulator of cesium, on the promotion of the dissipation of soil phenanthrene and pyrene, which are PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Amaranthus tricolor L. een choi was the cultivar used. The presence of Amaranthus tricolor L. evidently enhanced the dissipation of these PAHs in soils with initial phenanthrene concentrations of 7.450–456.5 mg/kg dw (dw, dry weight) and pyrene of 8.010–488.7 mg/kg dw. At the end of the experiment (45 days), the residual concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils with plants were generally higher than those with no plants. The loss of phenanthrene and pyrene in vegetated soils was 87.85–94.03% and 46.89–76.57% of the soil with these chemicals, which was 2.55–13.66% and 11.12–56.55% larger than the loss in non-vegetated soils, respectively. The accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene by the plant was evident. Root and shoot concentrations of these chemicals monotonically increased with increasing soil PAH concentrations. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs), defined as the ratio of chemical concentrations in plants and in the soils (on a dry weight basis), of phenanthrene and pyrene by roots were 0.136–0.776 and 0.603–1.425, while by shoots were 0.116–0.951 and 0.082–0.517, respectively. BCFs of phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with the increasing concentrations of soil phenanthrene and pyrene. Plant accumulation only accounted for less than 0.32% (for phenanthrene) and 0.33% (for pyrene) of the total amount enhancement of the dissipated PAHs in vegetated vs. non-vegetated soils. In contrast, plant-promoted microbial biodegradation was the predominant contribution to the plant-enhanced dissipation of soil phenanthrene and pyrene. These results suggested the feasibility of the radionuclide hyperaccumulator in phytoremediating the soil PAH contaminants.  相似文献   

海水中多环芳烃的暴露浓度对鲈鱼体内脂质过氧化程度的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林建清  洪华生  王新红  肖智强 《台湾海峡》2005,24(3):310-315

本文以鲈鱼为实验材料，以鲈鱼体内的丙二醛含量为指标研究了在水样中16种多环芳烃组分和外加芘为实验试剂的条件下，鲈鱼体内不同器官、组织的脂质过氧化程度的变化．实验结果表明：（1）在鲈鱼鳃、全血中的丙二醛浓度较高，而肝脏的丙二醛浓度较低。（2）水样中多环芳烃及外加芘的暴露能导致鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度升高，这表明多环芳烃以及芘的暴露能引起鲈鱼肝内脂质过氧化程度的提高。（3）水体中多环芳烃及外加芘浓度的变化对鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度的影响具有可逆性，且鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度与水环境的多环芳烃（包括芘）暴露浓度呈良好的正相关关系。这说明：鲈鱼肝的丙二醛浓度可作为指示水环境的多环芳烃污染程度的指标。由于生物体内的丙二醛浓度受多种因素的影响，在使用丙二醛浓度指标来指示海洋环境的多环芳烃污染时。最好与其他指标配合使用，以更准确地指示海洋环境多环芳烃污染。  相似文献   

多环芳烃对海洋浮游植物的生物毒性研究   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

江玉  吴志宏  韩秀荣  张蕾  王修林 《海洋科学》2002,26(1):46-50

采用静态实验方法研究了4种（多环）芳烃对6种海洋浮游植物的生物急性毒性效应,并应用对数模型计算了其EC～（50）值。结果表明,根据对数模型计算的EC～（50）值与定义作图法所得结果较为一致,但在低浓度PAHs对浮游植物有促进作用时,其具有准确和合理的优点。其中甲苯、萘、2-甲基萘、菲的72h-EC～（50）分别为34.1～114mg/L,3.9～7.3mg/L,169～3.03mg/L,0.6～1.92mg/L。4种芳烃对6种浮游植物的生物急性毒性顺序为:小新月菱形藻>甲藻>三角褐指藻>中肋骨条藻>小球藻>亚心形扁藻。此外,4种芳烃的72h-EC～（50）与其相应的Kow值有较好的log-log相关性。  相似文献   

多环芳烃对鱼类生殖机能的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

郑榕辉  王重刚 《台湾海峡》2004,23(2):245-252

本文综述了近年来多环芳烃(含有两个苯环以上的有机化学污染物)对鱼类生殖机能影响的研究。重点介绍了多环芳烃对鱼类相关激素水平、卵黄蛋白原的生成以及生殖成功的影响。并对其可能的作用机制和途径进行了分析，提出了进一步研究的方向。  相似文献