Signification du signal isotopique (δ18O, δ13C) des carbonates néritiques : composante diagénétique et composante originelle (Jurassique supérieur de l'Est du bassin de Paris,France)     

Benoı̂t Vincent  Laurent Emmanuel  Jean-Paul Loreau 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(1):29-39

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La plate-forme carbonatée oxfordienne de Lorraine : arguments pour une ouverture vers la mer Germanique     

Cédric Carpentier  Bernard Lathuilière  Serge Ferry 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(1):59-66

The study of sedimentary facies in the quarry of Dompcevrin (Middle Oxfordian) located northwestward of St-Mihiel (Meuse department) provides evidences of high-energy depositional conditions. The occurrence of beaches associated with hurricane coral breccias containing megaclasts is characteristic of platform edge environments. The open sea was located northeastward, in the direction of Germany, as it is indicated by the direction of progradation of beaches. It is concluded that the Oxfordian carbonate platform of Lorraine was opened to the northeast toward the Germanic Sea during the Middle Oxfordian. To cite this article: C. Carpentier et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

Archaeomagnetic evidence for the age of a Roman pottery kiln from Calahorra (Spain)     

J. M. Parés  R. De Jonge  J. O. Pascual  A. Bermúdez  C. J. Tovar  R. A. Luezas  N. Maestro 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,112(3):533-537

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Non-scaled analogue modelling of AMS development during viscous flow: A simulation on diapir-like structures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zuzana Kratinov  Prokop Zvada  Franti&#x;ek Hrouda  Karel Schulmann 《Tectonophysics》2006,418(1-2):51

Development of magnetic fabric within a diapirically ascending columnar body was investigated using non-scaled analogue model made of plaster of Paris containing small amount of fine-grained homogeneously mixed magnetite. The apparatus for the modelling consists of a manual squeezer with calibrated spring and a Perspex container. Set of weak coloured layers at the bottom of the container was forced to intrude overlying fine-grained sand through a hole in a board attached to the squeezer. The development of AMS fabric is correlated with complex flow pattern indicated by coloured and originally horizontal plaster layers. Strongly constrictional and vertical fabric in the base and in the lower domain of the diapir resulting from convergent and upwards flows is overprinted by subhorizontal oblate fabrics due to vertical flattening and initial divergent flow in the apical parts. The measured AMS fabrics are compared with natural examples of magmatic stocks and dykes.  相似文献   

巴黎城市规划布局规律及特点研究     

唐亦功 《世界地理研究》2007,16(1):46-51

本文在对巴黎城市布局实地考察的基础上，对城市布局规律及特点进行了较为系统和深入的研究。得出巴黎城市布局的主要特点：（1）选择数个（一般为3个）或在高度或在体量上具有一定特点的建筑物作为整个建筑群的主体性建筑统领全区，使该区内其他的建筑物围绕着这些主体标志规则布局。这就使得上述建筑群的布局大多呈现出“三段式”的典型形式。（2）各区内的建筑物多依其地形、道路的走向规则布局。各建筑物间的组合形式既有方形．长方形，也有梯形、三角形以及不规则的四边形等形状。且各组间多呈闭合状态。（3）在建筑群的中心轴线地带内，均为绿化园林区（带），各建筑群的布局均主题突出、清晰明确。（4）城市的各交通枢纽（交叉路口）均以城市广场作为其基本的布局形式。各交通枢纽间均以宽阔、笔直的林荫大道相连，且每条大街都通向一处纪念性的建筑物。  相似文献   

Achievability of the Paris Agreement targets in the EU: demand-side reduction potentials in a carbon budget perspective     

Vicki Duscha  Alexandra Denishchenkova  Jakob Wachsmuth 《Climate Policy》2019,19(2):161-174

Limiting global warming to ‘well below’ 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5°C is an integral part of the 2015 Paris Agreement. To achieve these aims, cumulative global carbon emissions after 2016 should not exceed 940 – 390?Gt of CO₂ (for the 2°C target) and 167 – ?48?Gt of CO₂ (for the 1.5°C target) by the end of the century. This paper analyses the EU’s cumulative carbon emissions in different models and scenarios (global models, EU-focused models and national carbon mitigation scenarios). Due to the higher reductions in energy use and carbon intensity of the end-use sectors in the national scenarios, we identify an additional mitigation potential of 26–37 Gt cumulative CO₂ emissions up to 2050 compared to what is currently included in global or EU scenarios. These additional reductions could help to both reduce the need for carbon dioxide removals and bring cumulative emissions in global and EU scenarios in line with a fairness-based domestic EU budget for a 2°C target, while still remaining way above the budget for 1.5°C.

Key policy insights

• Models used for policy advice such as global integrated assessment models or EU models fail to consider certain mitigation potential available at the level of sectors.

• Global and EU models assume significant levels of CO₂ emission reductions from carbon capture and storage to reach the 1.5°C target but also to reach the 2°C target.

• Global and EU model scenarios are not compatible with a fair domestic EU share in the global carbon budget either for 2°C or for 1.5°C.

• Integrating additional sectoral mitigation potential from detailed national models can help bring down cumulative emissions in global and EU models to a level comparable to a fairness-based domestic EU share compatible with the 2°C target, but not the 1.5°C aspiration.

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从巴黎到卡托维兹：全球气候治理中的统一和分裂     

朱松丽 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(2):206-211

《巴黎协定》达成之后的实施细则谈判从一开始就面临各种挑战。尽管如此,卡托维兹气候大会基本完成了实施细则的磋商,通过统一规则的制定夯实了基于规则的气候治理框架,为“自下而上”的松散协定注入了更多规则绑定强制性色彩,提升了协定的法律地位。会议也见证了气候世界的分裂,包括主要缔约方立场的退化、谈判集团的分化重组、利益集团的博弈、对科学报告的分歧等,从而使关于力度的磋商没有实质进展。从巴黎到卡托维兹的谈判路程表明治理全球化、治理效率以及国家主权之间暂时存在“不可能三角”。未来的谈判应促进从规则到行动的转变。  相似文献   

Global retail capital and the city: towards an intensification of gentrification     

Anne-Cécile Mermet 《Urban geography》2017,38(8):1158-1181

The emerging literature on retail gentrification has not paid much attention to the link between recent reconfigurations of retail capital (concentration, internationalization, and financialization) and the contemporary wave of “generalized gentrification”. In this paper, I argue that analyzing the strategies of stakeholders involved in sectors other than housing (in this case, the retail sector) should allow us to identify different forms of gentrification intensification. I investigate the case of the Marais – that is, one of the first Parisian neighborhoods having undergone gentrification – by mapping the frontier of retail gentrification over the long term (1965–2011) and at the scale of an entire neighborhood (more than 130 ha comprising over 2,000 commercial units). The key drivers of the process (commercial real estate, new brand development strategies, changing commercial environment, the role of public policies) and its social stakes (displacement/replacement of former stores) are then discussed.  相似文献   

From free good to commodity: Universalizing the provision of water in Paris (1830–1930)     

Denis Bocquet  Konstantinos Chatzis  Agnès Sander 《Geoforum》2008,(6):1821-1832

This article focuses on the water distribution network in Paris, from the 1830s, when most Parisians got their water from public fountains and private wells, to the 1930s, by which time almost all of the capital’s inhabitants had been connected to the same network and enjoyed a standard service. It contributes, by a detailed analysis of the entire chain of mediators and mediation, to specify how the modern infrastructure ideal actually took form. In that aim, we analyze the manner in which each actor (public as well as private), in accordance with his/her constraints and resources, which depend on his/her position in the social space, was able to conceive of his/her environment, define objectives, confront problems, make choices and deploy a whole range of frequently innovative practices. In order to understand the underlying factors, our task consists in identifying the actors, modi operandi, progress and phases involved in universalizing water services. Spatially analyzing the extension of the water network, this article demonstrates that the process of universalization, far from being the inexorable and linear outcome of the action of a small number of “major historical forces”, was the upshot of the actions of a whole range of actors acting in specific different geographical, social, economic and technical contexts. The achievement of the “modern infrastructural ideal” as a macro-social phenomenon was ultimately down to a long accumulation process of a multitude of actions, interactions, conflicts and learning processes.  相似文献   

Assessing the ambition of post-2020 climate targets: a comprehensive framework     

Niklas Höhne  Hanna Fekete  Michel G.J. den Elzen  Andries F. Hof  Takeshi Kuramochi 《Climate Policy》2018,18(4):425-441

One of the most fundamental questions surrounding the new Paris Agreement is whether countries’ proposals to reduce GHG emissions after 2020 are equally ambitious, considering differences in circumstances between countries. We review a variety of approaches to assess the ambition of the GHG emission reduction proposals by countries. The approaches are applied illustratively to the mitigation part of the post-2020 climate proposals (nationally determined contributions, or NDCs) by China, the EU, and the US. The analysis reveals several clear trends, even though the results differ per individual assessment approach. We recommend that such a comprehensive ambition assessment framework, employing a large variety of approaches, is used in the future to capture a wide spectrum of perspectives on ambition.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Assessing the ambition of the national climate proposals is particularly important as the Paris Agreement asks for regular reviews of national contributions, keeping in mind that countries raise their ambition over time. Such an assessment will be an important part of the regular global stocktake that will take place every five years, starting with a ‘light’ version in 2018. However, comprehensive methods to assess the proposals are lacking. This article provides such a comprehensive assessment framework.  相似文献