红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)耐低温性状和生长性状遗传参数评估     

赵海池  刘志峰  王新安  包玉龙  刘圣聪  杨明超  闫鹏飞  马爱军 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(2):517-525

采用人工控温的方式, 对构建的31个F₁红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)全同胞家系开展低温胁迫实验, 获得耐低温性状低温累计存活时间(CDH), 基于混合线性模型分别开展耐低温性状和生长性状遗传参数评估,对每一性状是否需要考虑共同环境效应所构建的两种模型进行似然比检验。结果显示, 经似然比检验, 最终选用模型A和模型BF进行耐低温和生长性状遗传评估; 耐低温性状CDH遗传力为(0.27±0.08),属于中等遗传力; 体重BW遗传力为(0.36±0.13), 属于中等遗传力, 体长BL遗传力为(0.14±0.06), 属于低等遗传力, 经检验, 遗传力估计值均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。CDH和体重、体长的遗传相关分别为(-0.40±0.22)和(-0.44±0.24), 表型相关分别为(-0.09±0.06)和(-0.16± 0.05), 均为负相关; 体重和体长之间的遗传相关为(0.92±0.05), 表型相关为(0.80±0.02), 呈正相关且结果极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果表明, 红鳍东方鲀的耐低温性状和生长性状都具有较好的改良潜力, 考虑到两性状间存在负遗传相关, 在开展耐低温选育时, 对首先不同性状进行品系选育, 然后利用品系间杂交培育出耐高温、生长快的新品种。该项研究首次完成了红鳍东方鲀耐低温性状的遗传参数评估, 为制订红鳍东方鲀耐低温选育育种规划提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Plant drought tolerance trait is the key parameter in improving the modeling of terrestrial transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Xintao Liu  Xingjie Lu  Shulei Zhang  Zhongwang Wei  Nan Wei  Shupeng Zhang  Hua Yuan  Wei Shangguan  Shaofeng Liu  Jianfeng Huang  Lu Li  Xiulan Ye  Jinxuan Zhou  Wenke Hu  Yongjiu Dai 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):35-41

陆面过程蒸腾作用的模拟制约着天气,气候降水预测的精确度.近几十年来,为了更好地描述植被蒸腾的水力约束,陆面过程模式发展了基于植物性状的植物水力胁迫方案.然而,我们对于植物性状在蒸腾模拟中的地位仍然缺乏了解,植物性状对蒸腾的重要性仍需进一步量化.本研究利用Morris方法评估植物性状参数在通用陆面模式植物水力胁迫方案(CoLM-P₅₀HS)中的重要性,针对17种植物性状,筛选出最为重要的:耐旱性状(P₅₀),气孔性状,和光合作用性状.在12个FLUXNET站点中,参数的重要性由归一化敏感度来衡量.P₅₀的重要性随着降水的减少而增加,而气孔性状和光合作用性状的重要性则随着降水的减少而减少.在干旱或半干旱地区,P₅₀比气孔性状和光合作用性状更重要,这意味着当植物经常经历干旱时,水力安全策略比植物生长策略更关键.而耐旱性状的巨大变异性进一步暗示了多种植物水力安全策略的共存.忽视P₅₀的变异性可能会对陆面过程模式蒸腾作用的模拟造成严重误差.因此,为了更好地表示植物水力功能的变异性,需要增加对耐旱性状的观测并耦合到陆面模式中.  相似文献   

基于人格特质的城市居民出游行为偏好研究——以武汉市为例     

陈巧林  CHEN Qiao-lin 《云南地理环境研究》2011,23(3):69-73,84

基于人格特质这一视角,结合旅游消费者购买决策程序理论,探讨和研究城市居民的出游行为偏好。首先,运用5因素人格特质量表测量了武汉市居民的人格特质,在此基础上运用聚类分析和判别分析,将潜在旅游者细分成不同人格特质类型的人群,其次,运用卡方检验、交叉分析等方法具体分析了不同人格类型的武汉市居民在出游行为偏好上的差异性,得出的研究结论是:基于人格特质这一心理变量,可以把武汉市居民细分成外向随和型、严谨含蓄型、开放时尚型3种不同人格类型的人群;不同人格类型的潜在旅游消费者在出游行为偏好上也具有一定的差异性。  相似文献   

Ecometrics and the paleoecological implications of Pleistocene faunas from the western coastal plains of the Cape Floristic Region,South Africa     

J. Tyler Faith  David R. Braun  Benjamin Davies  Larisa R. G. DeSantis  Matthew J. Douglass  Irene Esteban  Vincent Hare  Naomi E. Levin  Julie Luyt  Robyn Pickering  Mitchell J. Power  Judith Sealy  Deano Stynder 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(8):1007-1020

The Pleistocene ungulate communities from the western coastal plains of South Africa's Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are diverse and dominated by grazers, in contrast to the region's Holocene and historical faunas, which are relatively species-poor and dominated by small-bodied browsers and mixed feeders. An expansion of grassy habitats is clearly implied by the Pleistocene faunas, but the presence of ruminant grazers that cannot survive the summer dry season typical of the region today suggests other important paleoecological changes. Here we use dental ecometrics to explore the paleoecological implications of the region's Pleistocene faunas. We show that the dental traits (hypsodonty and occlusal topography) of the ungulates that occurred historically in the CFR track annual and summer aridity, and we use these relationships to reconstruct past aridity. Our results indicate that the Pleistocene faunas signal paleoenvironments that were on average less arid than today, including during the summer, consistent with other lines of evidence that suggest a higher water table and expansion of well-watered habitats. Greater water availability can be explained by lower temperature and reduced evapotranspiration during cooler phases of the Pleistocene, probably coupled with enhanced groundwater recharge due to increased winter precipitation.  相似文献   

植物属性地理的研究进展与展望     

黄永梅  陈慧颖  张景慧  盛芝露  李恩贵  刘鸿雁 《地理科学进展》2018,37(1):93-101

植物属性地理学是植物地理学的一个新兴研究方向,研究植物属性的地理分布规律。目前与植物属性地理相关的研究热点主要集中在植物属性的多尺度表达、植物属性的权衡关系和属性多样性与生态系统功能三个方面。比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶氮含量、种子质量、植物高度、茎密度是最受关注的植物属性。植物属性需要在植物个体水平上进行测量,然后基于群落内物种相对优势度的加权平均上推到群落水平。植物属性权衡关系主要包括叶片经济型谱及属性与环境因子之间的权衡关系研究。全球植物属性数据库的丰富与共享,推动着植物属性地理学的蓬勃发展。当前的植物属性空间连续分布主要利用全球属性数据库和空间统计建模方法实现,但借助激光扫描和成像光谱技术直接对区域植物功能属性进行空间制图正成为植物属性地理学空间计算的新方法。植物属性的空间格局分析是植物属性地理学的重要内容之一,不仅有助于解释植物物种的适应性与分布、群落构建等问题,而且为预测全球气候变化对植物的影响提供了依据。用植物属性代替物种可以更好地解释植物分布和植物对环境适应的生理机制,所以在全球植被模型研究中开始尝试将基于物种的植被动态模型发展为基于属性的植被动态模型,这将会给全球变化下碳循环过程的模拟和陆面模式带来新的机遇和挑战。展望未来,植物属性地理学仍然需要发展新的研究手段,深化全球植物属性的空间分异规律及其与环境因子之间的关系研究,以及完善全球和区域植物属性数据库建设。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾不同家系间繁殖性状的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁瑞鹏  刘建勇  张嘉晨  郑静静 《海洋学报》2016,38(6):89-97

在相同的养殖条件下,从15个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)留种家系中各筛选30尾雌虾,记录60 d内每尾雌虾的产卵时体质量(SW)、产卵量(EN)、卵径(ED)、受精率(FR)、受精卵孵化率(HR)、连续两次产卵间隔时间(SI),分析各家系繁殖性状的差异性和各繁殖性状间的相关性。结果显示,各家系间繁殖相关性状差异显著(P<0.05),其中F415家系SW为55.36 g,显著大于其他家系(P<0.05),F413家系EN最高为26.52万粒,F402家系雌虾产卵FR和HR率均最高分别为83.19%和84.68%,F407、F401家系SI最短分别为5.03 d和5.06 d,以EN>20万粒、SI<9 d、FR>60%、HR>60%为选择标准,筛选出F401、F405、F407、F409、F413、F415六个家系雌虾作为凡纳滨对虾高繁殖力品系培育的亲虾;各繁殖性状中SW与EN间的相关系数为0.260呈极显著相关(P<0.01),EN与FR和HR间的相关系数分别为0.155和0.239呈极显著相关(P<0.01),SI与EN和HR间的相关系数分别为-0.121和-0.078分别呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾雌虾繁殖性能具有较大的家系选择潜力;在高繁殖力凡纳滨对虾品系培育的过程中应以雌虾平均单次产卵量和连续两次产卵间隔时间作为的选育的目标性状。  相似文献   

Fitness‐related consequences shed light on the mechanisms of covering and sheltering behaviors in the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis          下载免费PDF全文

Chong Zhao  Zhenmin Bao  Yaqing Chang 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(5):998-1007

We know of no comparative assessment on the benefits and costs of long‐term covering and sheltering behaviors in sea urchins. The present study investigated the long‐term effects of conditions suitable for sheltering and covering behaviors on fitness‐related traits of sea urchins Glyptocidaris crenularis. In general, conditions suitable for covering and sheltering behaviors significantly affected the fitness‐related traits of G. crenularis in a long‐term laboratory study of 31 months. Glyptocidaris crenularis kept in conditions suitable for sheltering behavior (bricks with openings) showed significantly lower test size, body weight, organ (test, lantern, gonad and gut) weights, gonad index and slower gonad development than those kept in conditions suitable for covering behavior (presence of shells) and the control conditions (without conditions for covering and sheltering). However, the index of maximum pressure resistance of the test was significantly higher in G. crenularis kept in the sheltering conditions than those in the covering and control conditions. The present study provides new insight into the mechanisms of covering and sheltering behaviors and has implications for the conservation and aquaculture of sea urchins.  相似文献   

Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of snoek Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791) (Perciformes: Gempylidae) off South Africa     

MAI Nunkoo  CC Reed  SE Kerwath 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(3):363-371

The parasite assemblage of snoek Thyrsites atun, a commercially important fish in the Benguela system, was examined over a one-year period. In all, 16 parasite taxa including eight new host records (Bolbosoma vasculosum, Caligus coryphaenae, Caligus dakari, Corynosoma australe, Hatschekia conifera, Nothobomolochus fradei, Rhadinorhynchus cadenati, Tentacularia coryphaenae) and four new locality records (B. vasculosum, C. dakari, Molicola uncinatus, Pseudoterranova sp.) were recovered from 210 specimens. The dominance of larval helminths in the component community suggests that T. atun occupies an intermediate position in the food web. The ‘nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill’ (NODF) indicated that the parasite assemblage exhibited no nestedness (NODF = 73.3, p = 0.103). Generalised additive mixed modelling results indicated that host length is the main determinant of parasite species richness in T. atun. PERMANOVA and ANOSIM suggested that infracommunity structure varied little with respect to the sex, length, seasonality and capture region of the host. The stability and randomness in parasite acquisition, as indicated by the lack of nestedness of the parasite assemblage, can be ascribed to the opportunistic feeding behaviour and nomadic movement of T. atun in the southern Benguela. The homogeneity of the community structure of long-lived endoparasites suggests that a single T. atun stock occurs off South Africa.  相似文献   

Seasonal Variation in Host Utilization of Epiphytic Lacuna Species in Mixed Algal and Surfgrass Stands in Japan     

Makoto Kanamori  Seiji Goshima  & Hiroshi Mukai 《Marine Ecology》2004,25(1):51-69

Abstract.  On the subtidal rocky shore of Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, the congeneric phytal gastropods, Lacuna uchidai and L. decorata , inhabit the multispecific vegetation consisting of the surfgrass, Phyllospadix iwatensis and the brown alga, Cystoseira hakodatensis . We studied the phenologies of Phyllospadix and Cystoseira , host utilization patterns and life histories of Lacuna spp. to examine how these gastropods accommodate the seasonal fluctuations of the habitat. The preferences for macrophyte by Lacuna spp. were examined by laboratory experiments. The phenologies of macrophytes, the seasonal and between-substrata variations of Lacuna spp. were examined by monthly sampling from Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds between May 1999 and May 2000. Lacuna uchidai showed significant preference for Phyllospadix , whereas L. decorata had no preference for a particular substratum. Most L. uchidai were collected from the Phyllospadix bed, however L. decorata appeared in both Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds. The peak of new recruit of L. uchidai coincided with that of Phyllospadix biomass. The synchronization of life cycle with the phenology of the host may be adaptive for using the limited habitat. Seasonal variation in density of L. decorata coincided with neither patterns for Phyllospadix nor Cystoseira . Seasonal variation in density and size frequency distribution suggested L. decorata migrated among adjacent macrophytes. Although it was a little vague, this hypothesis was probably the best explanation of our results. Our study shows that two co-occurring Lacuna species utilize the macrophytes as habitats by the different life histories and utilization patterns and, may be alternatively accommodated to the seasonal fluctuations of their habitats.  相似文献   

Quantitative traits correlative analysis and growth comparison among different populations of bay scallop,Argopecten irradians   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

LIU Baozhong  LIANG Yubo  LIU Xiaolin  DONG Bo  XIANG Jianhai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(3):533-540

The shell traits and weight traits are measured in cultured populations of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. The results of regression analysis show that the regression relationships for all the traits are significant (P<0.01). The correlative coefficients between body weight, as well as tissue weight with shell length, shell height and shell width are significant (P<0.05). But the correlative coefficients between the anterior and posterior auricle length with body weight as well as tissue weight are not significant (P>0.05). The multiple regression equation is obtained to estimate live body weight and tissue weight. The above traits except anterior and posterior auricle length are used for the growth and production comparison among three cultured populations, Duncan's new multiple range procedure analysis shows that all the traits in the Lingshuiqiao (LSQ) population are much more significant than those of the other two populations (P<0.01), and there is no significant difference between the Qipanmo (  相似文献