北极新奥尔松地区湖泊沉积物色素含量变化及环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姜珊  刘晓东  徐利强  孙立广 《极地研究》2009,21(3):211-220

大量的古气候资料和现代器测数据表明,最近100年来北极气候经历了明显的变暖过程,这必然会对脆弱的极地湖泊生态系统产生影响。以北极新奥尔松地区的湖泊沉积柱样为研究对象,对其中4种色素(叶绿素及其衍生物CD、总胡萝卜素TC、蓝藻叶黄素Myx和颤藻黄素Osc)进行了分析,结合其他物化指标如碳酸钙含量、TOC等,从历史演化的角度重点探讨了新奥尔松地区最近100年以来湖泊初级生产力演化过程。结果表明,在相对寒冷的小冰期,气候对湖泊中藻类的生长不利,湖泊生产力下降,沉积物中色素含量出现低值,生物硅含量降低;表层5cm(对应约1890AD)沉积物中有机质含量显著升高,各色素含量均明显增加,表明小冰期后气温上升,导致湖泊藻类生长迅速,湖泊生产力大大提高,但此时生物硅仍保持在相对较低的水平,这可能与其他藻类的竞争生长有关。最近100年,沉积物中Osc/Myx比值不断降低,表明该湖泊中蓝藻含量不断上升,暗示北极地区人类活动的增强可能导致湖泊营养水平增加。  相似文献   

Shallow lake trophic status linked to late Holocene climate and human impacts   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Matthew N. Waters  Michael F. Piehler  Antonio B. Rodriguez  Joseph M. Smoak  Thomas S. Bianchi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(1):51-64

Lake Mattamuskeet, North Carolina, USA is a large (162 km²) and shallow (mean depth = 1 m) coastal lake, which was significantly modified to support agricultural activities following European settlement in 1850. Paleolimnological proxies measured on a 400-cm sediment core collected from Lake Mattamuskeet reveal shifts in organic matter input and primary producer community structure in response to climatic and human impacts on the lake during the late Holocene. Stratigraphic changes in organic matter content, nutrients, metals, lignin phenols and photosynthetic pigments were used to divide the sediment core into three intervals. Interval I includes sediment deposited between A.D. 360–1584 and indicates a clear-water, sand-bottom state with low algal abundance. In addition, the lake catchment area experienced two significant fires during this interval that were recorded as charcoal layers in the core around A.D. 360 and A.D. 1435 (calibrated ¹⁴C AMS dates). Trophic structure changed with the onset of Interval II (A.D. 1584–1860) when total algal abundance increased, and the primary producer community was comprised primarily of diatoms, chrysophytes, cryptophytes and cyanobacteria. During this interval there was also an increase in terrestrial organic material input into the lake as well as a shift in plant type from woody gymnosperms to non-woody angiosperms as determined from lignin data. Sediment deposited in Lake Mattamuskeet following European settlement (Interval III, A.D. 1860-present) suggests a dramatic increase in organic-matter deposition, metals, primary-producer abundance and the onset of cyanobacterial dominance. Sedimentary evidence indicates that shallow-water primary producers can respond rapidly to climate change and human development.  相似文献   

放养前后鱼塘沉积物中氮、磷、有机质、色素的变化及环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘红玺  胡洪云 《湖泊科学》1998,10(3):39-42

通过对针塘沉积物中营养盐,有机质及色素在放养前后的测试,对比分析了在人类活动（养殖）的影响下,由于鱼塘水体快速富营养化而引起底质上述指标的变化过程,其中快速沉积环境极有利于沉积色素的保存,具有较好的环境营养状况指示意义,同时有机质,色素和营养盐之间存在着密切的相关关系,这为利用色素方法研究短时间序列环境演变,尤其是在近代人类活动影响下的环境变化提供了一定的依据。  相似文献   

云南杞麓湖沉积物记录的近现代生态环境变化及影响因子识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱福明  张恺  陈光杰  尹永鑫  王教元  胡葵 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):1109-1122

随着云南社会经济的持续发展与极端气候事件的频发,高原大中型湖泊面临着水质恶化、生态与环境功能退化的长期胁迫.为识别亚热带大型湖泊面临的主要环境压力,以杞麓湖为研究对象,在对沉积物钻孔进行物理(粒度、烧失量)、生物(色素、硅藻)等指标分析的基础上,结合现代监测和湖泊调查数据,重建了近两百年来湖泊水文条件、富营养化和环境变化的历史,并对硅藻群落结构的演化进行了驱动过程识别.沉积物粒度在1958年之前变化总体较为稳定且有较高的黏土含量;随着围湖造田等流域开发的增强,沉积物粒度组成自1960s开始频繁波动且粗颗粒组分快速增加.1981—2000年期间,随着落水洞泄水工程的修建杞麓湖的水位控制与水文调控得到加强,沉积物砂质含量降低且粒度组成变化较小;2000—2013年期间,湖泊疏浚工程的开展和区域降水的持续减少都导致了沉积物粒度组成波动较大、粗颗粒组成较高.沉积物色素记录了湖泊初级生产力的缓慢上升出现于19世纪中后期,并自1960s开始总叶绿素与蓝藻色素含量总体出现了较大幅度的增加趋势并持续至今.而在2000—2005年期间,湖泊浅水区的疏浚清淤导致了内源营养盐输入量的降低与藻类生物量的明显下降;沉积物蓝藻色素含量在1998、2008和2012—2013年左右出现明显的峰值,指示杞麓湖可能出现了较大范围的蓝藻暴发事件.统计分析结果显示,湖泊硅藻群落结构出现了多次明显转变且呈现底栖硅藻百分比长期降低的特征,水体富营养化的持续是驱动硅藻群落结构演替的主要因子,而水生植物退化、水文条件与气候变化也对硅藻群落的构建产生了重要的叠加影响.本文的沉积物分析结果表明,亚热带大型湖泊的生态治理与环境保护需要重点围绕营养盐负荷控制、水文调控优化与底栖生境恢复,并需应对全球变暖与极端气候事件产生的叠加影响.  相似文献   

液质联用技术在测定浮游植物色素与粒级分类中的应用     

张晶晶  刘东艳  孙慧慧  王晓峰 《海洋通报》2018,(2):158-164

本研究为探讨液质联用技术在测定黄海浮游植物特征色素含量与粒级分类中应用的可行性,在黄海47个站位取表、中、底三层水样进行了分析,对比了超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)和超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)两种仪器的色素检测结果。研究发现UHPLC-MS/MS的灵敏度更高,但多数情况下两种方法检测结果吻合度较好,均适用于黄海色素样品的测定。叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度和浮游植物粒级结构空间分析结果显示,山东半岛近岸和长江口东北侧海域,Chl a浓度较高,小型浮游植物占优势;黄海冷水团海域,Chl a浓度较低,微型和微微型浮游植物比例明显升高。该航次的Chl a绝对浓度和不同粒径浮游植物的贡献率与历史数据相比存在一定差异,这与调查时间、站位以及粒级分析方法的差异有关,需进一步比较研究。  相似文献   

Orthogonal design for optimization of pigment extraction from surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHAO Jun  YAO Peng  YU Zhigang  Thomas S Bianchi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(4):33-42

Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass, as well as community composition. Five methodolog-ical factors (sample dehydration, extraction solvent, extraction duration, number of extractions, and ratio of solvent volume: sample weight) were studied using an L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary (LDE), using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L₉ (3⁴) or-thogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important, with extraction duration the second most important, and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent vol-ume: sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone, methanol and water (80:15:5, by volume) was best for polar pigment extraction, with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study (i.e., peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin, pheophytin-a and β-carotene), 3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However, for chlorophyll-a, the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass, 12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent (3 ml) with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately, no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study, taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question.  相似文献   

The relationship between volatile halocarbons and phytoplankton pigments during a Trichodesmium bloom in the coastal eastern Arabian Sea     

Rajdeep Roy  Anil PratiharyGayatree Narvenkar  Sunita MochemadkarMangesh Gauns  S.W.A. Naqvi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Eukaryotic phytoplankton such as diatoms and prymnesiophytes produce biogenic halocarbons in the ocean that serve as important sources of chlorine and bromine to the atmosphere, but the role of cyanobacteria in halocarbon production is not well established. We studied distributions of chloroform (CHCl₃), carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), methylene bromide (CH₂Br₂) and bromoform (CHBr₃) in relation to phytoplankton composition, determined from pigment analysis complemented by microscopic examination, for one month in coastal waters of the eastern Arabian that experienced a Trichodesmium bloom that typically occurs during the Spring Intermonsoon season. High concentrations of zeaxanthin (23 μg l⁻¹), alpha beta betacarotene (6 μg l⁻¹) and chlorophyll a (67 μg l⁻¹) were found within the bloom whereas the marker pigment concentrations were low outside the bloom. CHCl₃ and CCl₄ occurred in relatively high concentrations in surface waters whereas CH₂Br₂ and CHBr₃ were restricted to the subsurface layer. Chlorinated halocarbons were positively inter-correlated and with CHBr₃. The observed spatial and temporal trends in brominated compounds appear to be related to the abundance of Trichodesmium although correlations between concentrations of brominated compounds with various marker pigments were poor and statistically non-significant. The results support the existence of multiple sources and sinks of halogenated compounds, which might obscure the relationship between halocarbons and phytoplankton composition.  相似文献   

应用反相高效液相色谱定性和定量浮游植物光合色素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡俊  柳欣  王磊  黄邦钦 《海洋科学》2011,35(11):19-28

利用本实验室建立的反相高效液相色谱实验体系分析了19 种高纯度的浮游植物光合色素标准样品的特征参数。结果显示, 该体系可将各种光合色素较好分离, 但个别色素的保留时间、洗脱顺序、最大吸收波长及响应因子与文献报道的其他实验体系有所差异。表明在利用反相高效液相色谱定性、定量光合色素时不仅要参考其保留时间, 还要参考其最大吸...  相似文献   

不同品系条斑紫菜光合效率比较研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵小波  张学成  许璞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(2)

用叶绿素荧光仪测试了7个品系紫菜叶状体在不同光照和温度条件下的光合效率,分析了受强光抑制后光合效率恢复的情况,并测试了这些品系的光合色素含量。结果显示,随着光照强度从20μmol.m-2.s-1提高到1 200μmol.m-2.s-1,总的趋势是光合效率逐渐降低,但下降幅度在不同品系间又有差异:相比20μmol.m-2.s-1光照下条件下光合效率,Yjs在1 200μmol.m-2.s-1时的光合效率下降了27%,Yw下降了33%,Gm下降了53%,Yqd下降了50%。在120μmol.m-2.s-1光照条件,5~20℃实验范围内,15~20℃条件下光合效率最高,除Yh2和Wjs,其它品系叶状体均在15℃达到顶峰,Yh2和Wjs则在20℃达到顶峰。在受到高光抑制(200μmol.m-2.s-1)后,处于光照60μmol.m-2.s-1,温度12℃条件下紫菜光合效率可在30~60 min内恢复。未发现光合色素含量与光合效率的相关性。文章还对紫菜光合效率与生态条件的关系进行了分析和讨论。  相似文献   

Chemotaxonomic investigation of phytoplankton in the shelf ecosystem of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight,South Africa     

RG Barlow  T Lamont  M-J Gibberd  M van den Berg  K Britz 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):467-484

Phytoplankton community structure was elucidated during summer and winter in the KwaZulu-Natal Bight using pigment and CHEMTAX analyses. The surface pattern in January 2010 indicated that diatoms, haptophytes and prasinophytes tended to be the most prominent groups inshore and in the southern sector of the bight, whereas Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were more dominant in the north and towards the offshore region. At the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), diatoms were dominant in the inner bight and in the south, with prasinophytes being the prominent flagellates, but this changed to Prochlorococcus and pelagophytes being the important groups in the northern sector and outer part of the bight. A different pattern was observed at the surface in July 2010, where diatoms, haptophytes, prasinophytes and cryptophytes in varying proportions comprised most of the community in the inner half of the bight, whereas Synechococcus and haptophytes were the main groups in the outer sector. A similar pattern occurred at the DCM, except that Synechococcus was less prominent and pelagophytes were distributed across the bight in both the inshore and offshore zones. Observations and relationships between phytoplankton groups and environmental parameters indicated that the groups were most closely related to temperature, accounting for 24–64% of the deviance. The influence of nutrients on phytoplankton was less clear but nitrate and silicate seemed to account for some of the patchy distribution patterns.  相似文献