The Enya mounds: a lost mound-drift competition     

D. Van Rooij  V. A. I. Huvenne  D. Blamart  J.-P. Henriet  A. Wheeler  H. de Haas 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):849-863

The genesis and evolution of cold-water coral banks along the Northeastern Atlantic margin is known to be influenced by several factors, among which the palaeotopography and nature of the coral settling surface, the presence of bottom currents and sediment supply. In this paper, a case study is presented of the Enya mound cluster, located in the southernmost tip of the Belgica mound province, west of Ireland. Below this mound cluster, seismic stratigraphy revealed a yet unmapped local unconformity RD1b, being part of a composite erosion event (RD1). As such, from the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene, at least two erosional events have incised the margin, ending with the final RD1a “moundbase” unconformity, acting as a base for the Enya mounds. During the Quaternary the mounds became outgrown and were covered by a mounded contourite drift. In addition, they are closely associated with a cluster of seabed pockmarks. The bottom current regime which became active since the Middle Pleistocene has certainly influenced the fate of this mound cluster. The occurrence of the pockmarks seems to be related to relatively recent fluid migration processes, however leaving an open question if any previous seepage phases were involved in the growth or initiation of the coral banks.  相似文献   

Resistance of Lophelia pertusa to coverage by sediment and petroleum drill cuttings     

Elke Allers  Raeid M.M. Abed  Laura M. Wehrmann  Tao Wang  Ann I. Larsson  Autun Purser  Dirk de Beer 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

In laboratory experiments, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa was exposed to settling particles. The effects of reef sediment, petroleum drill cuttings and a mix of both, on the development of anoxia at the coral surface were studied using O₂, pH and H₂S microsensors and by assessing coral polyp mortality. Due to the branching morphology of L. pertusa and the release of coral mucus, accumulation rates of settling material on coral branches were low. Microsensors detected H₂S production in only a few samples, and sulfate reduction rates of natural reef sediment slurries were low (<0.3 nmol S cm⁻³ d⁻¹). While the exposure to sediment clearly reduced the coral’s accessibility to oxygen, L. pertusa tolerated both partial low-oxygen and anoxic conditions without any visible detrimental short-term effect, such as tissue damage or death. However, complete burial of coral branches for >24 h in reef sediment resulted in suffocation.  相似文献   

A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Aubrecht  C. D. Elvidge  T. Longcore  C. Rich  J. Safran  A. E. Strong 《国际地球制图》2013,28(6):467-479

In this article, we present a satellite-based approach to gather information about the threat to coral reefs worldwide. Three chosen reef stressors – development, gas flaring and heavily lit fishing boat activity – are analysed using nighttime lights data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) produced at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC). Nighttime lights represent a direct threat to coral reef ecosystems and are an excellent proxy measure for associated human-caused stressors. A lights proximity index (LPI) is calculated, measuring the distance of coral reef sites to each of the stressors and incorporating the stressor's intensity. Colourized maps visualize the results on a global scale. Area rankings clarify the effects of artificial night lighting on coral reefs on a regional scale. The results should be very useful for reef managers and for state administrations to implement coral reef conservation projects and for the scientific world to conduct further research.  相似文献   

徐闻8种珊瑚共附生真菌的分离及初步鉴定     

肖胜蓝  雷晓凌  徐佳  李翰祥  王力卫  佘志刚  钟敏  林华娟 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,(6):91-95

从徐闻珊瑚保护区的8种珊瑚中分离共附生真菌,以获得珊瑚共附生可培养真菌的多样性信息。选用5种培养基,采用平板涂布法培养分离共附生真菌,并进行形态鉴定。8种珊瑚共分离121株真菌,鉴定了其中97株真菌,分属于14个属,青霉属和枝孢霉为优势种属,其次是曲霉属和木霉属。二异角孔珊瑚上分离出22株,数量最多;盔型珊瑚上分离菌株数量最少仅8株。除优势种属外,不同珊瑚样品上真菌种类分布有较大差异,炭角菌属和葡萄穗霉菌属均来源于盔形珊瑚,镰刀菌属在盔形珊瑚和角孔珊瑚上较为常见,盔形珊瑚样品上还分离出2株散囊菌属,1株节菱孢属,因此盔形珊瑚的种群最为丰富;不同培养基分离真菌的能力不同,淀粉培养基分离的菌株最多占所有分离菌株的30.6%,CDA培养基最少,但种类特异。  相似文献   

膨胀蔷薇珊瑚与壮实鹿角珊瑚的胚胎和幼虫发育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄洁英  黄晖  张浴阳  杨剑辉  尤丰 《热带海洋学报》2011,30(2)

造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖是修复珊瑚礁生态系统的有效途径之一.文章为国内首次报道造礁石珊瑚有性繁殖和幼体发育过程,为利用有性繁殖技术恢复珊瑚礁生态系统提供了发育生物学上的理论基础.海南省三亚市鹿回头海域的大部分珊瑚在2009年3月底至4月中发生有性繁殖行为.2009年4月11日晚采集膨胀蔷薇珊瑚Montipora turgescens和壮实鹿角珊瑚Acropora robusta自然排放的受精卵,研究其胚胎及幼虫发育的过程.通过连续观察和显微拍摄记录了2种珊瑚的受精卵发育过程,结果显示,受精卵经过分裂变为桑葚胚;桑葚胚经过进一步发育变形为虾片状,进而发育成盘状幼体;盘状幼体由四周向内弯曲形成碗状的结构,进而出现原肠胚及纤毛,发育成为椭圆型或圆形的浮浪幼虫;浮浪幼虫发生附着变态,长出触手,发育成珊瑚幼体.通过观察还发现,膨胀蔷薇珊瑚的卵母细胞中本身就含有黄褐色虫黄藻,壮实鹿角珊瑚的卵母细胞中没有虫黄藻,其共生的虫黄藻足在发育过程中从周围环境获得的.  相似文献   

丛生盔形珊瑚的2种颜色群体共生藻组成比较     

周国伟  黄晖  喻子牛  尤丰  李秀保 《热带海洋学报》2011,30(2)

造礁石珊瑚与共生藻 Symbiodinium spp.的互利共生对维护多样性极为丰富的珊瑚礁生态系统至关重要.在受到诸如水温异常等环境胁迫时,宿主珊瑚会排出体内共生藻而导致珊瑚白化直至死亡.造礁石珊瑚群体丰富的颜色对于珊瑚适应环境有着重要的作用,即使是同种造礁石珊瑚的不同群体,它们在颜色上也会有差异.丛生盔形珊瑚 Galaxea.fascicularis 作为印度-太平洋区系常见种广泛分布于海南三亚珊瑚礁海域,不同群体的颜色相异.对绿色和褐色2种颜色的丛生盔形珊瑚群体共生藻的28S rDNA进行限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chainreaction-restrictionfragmentlength polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)分析,结果显示,该珊瑚可以与C和D系群共生藻分别或同时共生.此外,丛生盔形珊瑚2种颜色群体的共生藻组成并无显著差异,表明珊瑚群体的颜色差异与共生藻的组成并无直接联系.影响珊瑚表型颜色的因素复杂,包括珊瑚的绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)、珊瑚和共生藻的各种色素等,具体机理需要进一步研究.  相似文献   

广西田林县石炭纪礁内海百合生态功能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈晓红  巩恩普  王铁晖  关长庆  张永利  杨大勇  王会敏 《地质论评》2013,59(3):446-453

本文以石炭纪的后生动物格架礁为例,从礁体生长过程和群落竞争关系的角度,对赋存于造礁生物群落中的海百合与造架珊瑚之间的关系,以及其在礁体发育过程中的作用进行详细探讨,揭示了礁生态系统内的生物因子之间的关系。研究发现：在礁体发育初期,以海百合为主的群落是造架珊瑚定殖的初始条件;在礁体的生长过程中,海百合与造架珊瑚之间存在一种受环境控制的竞争关系,两者在数量上呈现此消彼长的关系。当环境变化导致造架珊瑚死亡,礁体停止生长,海百合仍存活并不间断地为礁体提供沉积物,对已停止发育的珊瑚格架起到覆盖作用,从一定程度上保护了礁体  相似文献   

Storm‐dominated sedimentation in a protected basin fringed by coral reefs,Nara Inlet,Whitsunday Islands,Great Barrier Reef,Australia     

A. D. Heap  P. Larcombe  K. J. Woolfe 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):443-451

Hydrodynamic data and samples of bed sediment were collected from Nara Inlet, a small incised embayment in the Whitsunday Islands, central Great Barrier Reef. Measured tidal currents in the inlet do not exceed 0.2 ms^–1 even at spring tides. Swell waves dominate much of the inner shelf of the Great Barrier Reef but are absent from in the inlet due to the presence of a fringing reef at the inlet mouth. On the silty sand floor of the inlet, particle size decreases towards the inlet head. Most of the bed is too coarse to be remobilised by fair‐weather wave and tides, and we predict that bedload sediment transport thresholds are only exceeded in the inlet during cyclones. The observed distribution of bed sediments is consistent with landward dispersal of sediment under storm conditions. Over 20 m of (presumably Holocene) sediments occurs in the inlet and the seismic character of the infill is consistent with the observed textural variation of the modern sediments. We infer that sediment accumulation on the floor of the inlet has been storm dominated throughout much of the Holocene.  相似文献   

Physics of Atoll Groundwater Flow     

A.-M. Leclerc  P. Jean-Baptiste  D. Broc 《Mathematical Geology》2000,32(3):301-317

Large-scale steady-state groundwater flow in atoll carbonate platforms results from temperature and salinity-induced density gradients. Atolls are built on top of a basaltic substrate that provides geothermal heating from beneath. Moreover, they are immersed in the tropical ocean where temperature decreases rapidly with depth. Groundwater circulation in these platforms has long been associated with the geothermal heat flux because it is capable of generating inward and upward flow of oceanic origin water by buoyancy effects. This study shows that hydraulic circulation occurs even in the absence of a geothermal flux because the combination of the cold subsurface ocean waters with the warm surface conditions is sufficient to maintain a convection cell within the carbonate platform. Using a one-dimensional analytical model, validated by more sophisticated two-dimensional simulations, we can investigate the interaction between these two driving forces. The flow rate inside the platform is, in fact, a function of the ratio of the geothermal flux to the temperature gradient in the ocean. It increases with the geothermal flux but decreases with the oceanic temperature gradient. This one-dimensional model also shows that taking salinity effects on density into account increases the flow rates transiting through the platform by a third.  相似文献   

Fresh-water lenses and practical limitations of their three-dimensional simulation     

F. Ghassemi  K. Alam  K. Howard 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(5):521-537

Fresh-water lenses are the major sources of water supply in many atoll islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, particularly in dry seasons. Several two- and three-dimensional models are currently available for the simulation of atoll-island aquifers; however, 2D models cannot include 3D spatial variability of material properties, they must simplify the boundary conditions, and they cannot correctly simulate pumping wells. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties, a 3D model, SALTFLOW, was adopted for the simulation of Home Island in the Indian Ocean. This exercise required a discretisation on the order of a few metres and time steps of a few hours requiring significantly high CPU times. High CPU demand proved to be a difficult challenge but cannot be considered a serious practical limitation with today's advanced computers. The exhaustive data demands of the model (e.g., 3D distributions of hydraulic conductivity, porosity, dispersivities, and spatial and temporal variations of recharge and extraction rates) proved to be more problematical. Although the Home Island data set is unusually comprehensive by any standards, nonetheless the quality and quantity of the available data proved inadequate to meet the calibration needs of a highly karstic aquifer system. The Home Island modeling demonstrates the practical limitations of 3D models. It raises the concern that our ability to develop computer codes capable of simulating complex systems now exceeds our ability to supply the input data necessary for reliable calibration. Finally, the paper demonstrates the importance of the transient calibration in reliable simulation of various management options and emphasises that transient calibration should be considered as an integral part of any similar 2D or 3D modeling. Electronic Publication  相似文献