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21.
循环单剪试验被认为是研究地震场地中土体动力特性最合适的方法。为减小尺寸效应影响及解决工程中广泛存在的加筋土及粗颗粒土动力特性测试问题,研究大尺寸循环单剪试验方法具有重要意义。基于此,介绍了一种大型循环单剪试验装置,采用竖向线性滑动轨道约束上加载板和采用水平滑动轨道约束下加载板,确保前者仅发生竖向平动,后者仅发生水平平动,采用层叠的、带层间橡胶膜、分离式4点支撑的钢筋环构成的柔性剪切箱为试验提供侧向边界约束,确保了对单剪土样加载边界条件的真实模拟。针对土工格室加筋橡胶砂的测试结果表明：大型循环单剪试验装置得到的土动应力-动应变关系较好地反映了土在循环荷载作用下的滞回性、非线性和棘轮特性,大型循环单剪试验装置得到的 - 和 - 曲线变化规律与常规尺寸试验基本一致,证明其具有可行性;大尺寸试验得到的动剪模量特性与常规尺寸试验之间的差异,与单剪试验尺寸效应结论相符;试验中阻尼比特性受尺寸效应影响的规律性不明显。 相似文献
22.
Different amounts of vitamin C were added to diets fed to juveniles(2.5 ± 0.15 g) of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonic u s(Selenka) in an attempt to reduce the stress response of specimens exposed to nitrite stress. A commercial feed was used as the control diet and three experimental diets were made by supplementing 1 000, 1 500, or 2 000 mg vitamin C/kg diet to control diet separately in a 45-day experiment. Sea cucumbers were exposed to three different levels(0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L) of nitrite stress for 4, 8, and 12 h at four time intervals(0, 15, 30, and 45 d). Growth of the animals was recorded during the experiment. Reactive oxygen species(ROS)(i.e. hydroxyl free radical(-OH), malondialdehyde(MDA) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)) and antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e., superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT)) were measured. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to analyze the effect of multiple factors on ROS indices and enzyme activities. Weight gain(WG) and special growth rate(SGR) of vitamin C supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of control group( P 0.05). The levels of-OH and MDA increased under exposure time extending and nitrite concentration increasing, whereas T-AOC level decreased. SOD and CAT activities increased at 4 h and 8 h and decreased at 12 h. During the days in which the animal consumed experimental diets, the levels of-OH and MDA decreased and that of T-AOC increased. This result suggests that diets containing vitamin C could reduce the nitrite stress response in the animals and increase their antioxidant capacity. The multifactor regression equation of growth performance, ROS indices, and duration of feeding results suggest that vitamin C supplementation of 1 400–2 000 mg/kg diet for 29–35 days could reduce effectively the effects of nitrite exposure. 相似文献
23.
The industrially important organic compound 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO) is mainly used as a building block for the production of various polymers. In the present study, response surface methodology protocol was followed to determine and optimize fermentation conditions for the maximum production of 1,3-PDO using marine-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae HSL4. Four nutritional supplements together with three independent culture conditions were optimized as follows: 29.3 g/L glycerol, 8.0 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 7.6 g/L(NH 4) 2 SO 4, 3.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4, pH 7.1, cultivation at 35°C for 12 h. Under the optimal conditions, a maximum 1,3-PDO concentration of 14.5 g/L, a productivity of 1.21 g/(L·h) and a conversion of glycerol of 0.49 g/g were obtained. In comparison with the control conditions, fermentation under the optimized conditions achieved an increase of 38.8% in 1,3-PDO concentration, 39.0% in productivity and 25.7% in glycerol conversion in flask. This enhancement trend was further confirmed when the fermentation was conducted in a 5-L fermentor. The optimized fermentation conditions could be an important basis for developing lowcost, large-scale methods for industrial production of 1,3-PDO in the future. 相似文献
24.
就"区域沉积物管理"(简称RSM) 概念与方法进行了系统论述,以厦门地区为例阐述了 RSM 研究的必要性和重要性,并对如何应用区域沉积管理来处理海岸冲刷、淤积与港口码头建设过程中可能遇到的问题进行了深入浅出的讨论,同时,提出了发展 RSM 的战略构想与框架。 相似文献