Characterization of tar-like material and producible oil in Misoa C2 and C3 reservoir sands of the Area 2 South (Ceuta Field,Venezuela)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Here we characterized asphaltic oil occurrences in the Misoa C2 and C3 reservoirs within Area 2 South of the Ceuta Field (Lake Maracaibo Basin, NW Venezuela). To perform the geochemical and petrological characterization of the C2 and C3 sub-units, which cover an interval in which tar-like material was detected, we analyzed core (18) and cutting (123) samples using the Rock-Eval 6 technique in reservoir mode. Samples were studied under fluorescence light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing the presence of two charges of oils and the relationships within silica cements and clay minerals. To evaluate vertical inter-reservoir communication and lateral intra-reservoir continuity, we also studied 12 oil samples from wells in Area 2 South. Biomarkers and isotopic signatures were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The results suggest that oil and core extracts belongs to a single family derived from two pulses of hydrocarbon generation from the La Luna source rock, which was deposited in a marine reducing environment. The oil samples are a mixture of a paleobiodegraded oil charge and a later fresh, more mature oil recharge. The geochemical analyses also evidence that the formation of heavy oil tar zones can be related to biodegradation and in-reservoir oil mixing, though other formation mechanisms for the tar are also feasible. Finally, the GC fingerprints of the oils are indicative of lateral reservoir continuities across the F-1 and F-2 faults and vertical communication between the Misoa C2 and C3 sub-units in Area 2 South, suggesting that tar occurrences do not act as permeability barriers within the two reservoirs studied.  相似文献   

GC-MS联合二维核磁对文蛤多糖Fr.2A组分结构的解析     

何永峰  钱建瑛  李恒  陆震鸣  许正宏  史劲松 《海洋科学》2017,41(10):50-57

采用GC-MS联合二维核磁的方法,对文蛤均多糖结构进行解析。运用双酶辅助水提的方法,提取文蛤粗多糖(MMPX),分离纯化得到文蛤均多糖,并通过气质联用技术(GC-MS)和核磁共振波谱(1D,2D NMR),对文蛤均多糖的结构进行了分析。结果表明,从文蛤中提取得到文蛤粗多糖(MMPX),经分离纯化得到高纯度文蛤均多糖Fr.2A,其单糖组成为葡萄糖(Glc)。GC-MS分析发现,Fr.2A存在三种残基单元1,4-Glcp、T-Glcp和1,4,6-Glcp,摩尔比为5.58︰1.26︰1.0;核磁共振波谱分析表明,Fr.2A是以α-(1→4)与少量α-(1→6)连接为主链,并存在少量的α-(1→6)和β-(1→4)支链的新型水溶性D型吡喃葡聚糖。  相似文献   

红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)CD4和CD4-2基因克隆与诱导表达     

黄郁葱  丁燏  梁秀全  蔡双虎  吴灶和  简纪常 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(3):589-599

应用RT-PCR和RACE-PCR技术克隆了红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)CD4和CD4-2基因,并分析了它们在健康鱼不同组织的表达分布及免疫刺激物诱导后的表达变化。CD4基因c DNA序列全长2216bp,包含180bp的5′UTR(untranslated regions)、605bp的3′UTR和1431bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码476个氨基酸;红笛鲷CD4-2基因c DNA序列全长为1520bp,包含62bp的5′UTR、525bp的3′UTR和933bp的ORF,编码310个氨基酸。CD4分子由信号肽、4个免疫球蛋白样结构域(D1—D4)构成的胞外区、跨膜区和胞浆区组成,CD4-2分子由信号肽、2个免疫球蛋白样结构域(D1—D2)构成的胞外区、跨膜区和胞浆区组成。荧光定量PCR(Real Time Quantitative PCR,q PCR)分析显示红笛鲷CD4和CD4-2基因在健康鱼的胸腺中表达量最高,其次是中肾、鳃、皮肤、脾、头肾和肠。红笛鲷头肾淋巴细胞体外经脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)和刀豆蛋白A(Concanavalin A,Con A)刺激12h后,CD4和CD4-2表达量显著上调(P0.05)。哈维氏弧菌疫苗免疫24h后鳃、头肾、脾脏和肠的表达量显著上升(P0.05)。研究结果为进一步研究鱼类CD4和CD4-2在抗菌免疫反应中的作用提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

2008年夏季加拿大海盆净二氧化碳吸收量评估     

孙恒  高众勇  修鹏  卢鹏  陈立奇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(8):94-100

The third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) was conducted in the summer of 2008.During the survey,the surface seawater partial pressure of CO_2(pCO_2) was measured,and sea water samples were collected for CO_2 measurement in the Canada Basin.The distribution of pCO_2 in the Canada Basin was determined,the influencing factors were addressed,and the air-sea CO_2 flux in the Canada Basin was evaluated.The Canada Basin was divided into three regions:the ice-free zone(south of 77°N),the partially ice-covered zone(77°–80°N),and the heavily ice-covered zone(north of 80°N).In the ice-free zone,pCO_2 was high(320 to 368μatm,1 μatm=0.101 325 Pa),primarily due to rapid equilibration with atmospheric CO_2 over a short time.In the partially ice-covered zone,the surface pCO_2 was relatively low(250 to 270 μatm) due to ice-edge blooms and icemelt water dilution.In the heavily ice-covered zone,the seawater pCO_2 varied between 270 and 300 μatm due to biological CO_2 removal,the transportation of low pCO_2 water northward,and heavy ice cover.The surface seawater pCO_2 during the survey was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere in the Canada Basin,and it was a net sink for atmospheric CO_2.The summertime net CO_2 uptake of the ice-free zone,the partially ice-covered zone and the heavily ice-covered zone was(4.14±1.08),(1.79±0.19),and(0.57±0.03) Tg/a(calculated by carbon,1Tg=10~(12) g),respectively.Overall,the net CO_2 sink of the Canada Basin in the summer of 2008 was(6.5±1.3) Tg/a,which accounted for 4%–10% of the Arctic Ocean CO_2 sink.  相似文献   

Two Improvements on Numerical Simulation of 2-DOF Vortex-Induced Vibration with Low Mass Ratio     

KANG Zhuang  NI Wen-chi  ZHANG Xu  SUN Li-ping 《海洋工程》2017,(6):764-772

Till now, there have been lots of researches on numerical simulation of vortex-induced vibration. Acceptable results have been obtained for fixed cylinders with low Reynolds number. However, for responses of 2-DOF vortex-induced vibration with low mass ratio, the accuracy is not satisfactory, especially for the maximum amplitudes. In Jauvtis and Williamson''s work, the maximum amplitude of the cylinder with low mass ratio m*=2.6 can reach as large as 1.5D to be called as the “super-upper branch”, but from current literatures, few simulation results can achieve such value, even fail to capture the upper branch. Besides, it is found that the amplitude decays too fast in the lower branch with the RANS-based turbulence model. The reason is likely to be the defects of the turbulence model itself in the prediction of unsteady separated flows as well as the unreasonable setting of the numerical simulation parameters. Aiming at above issues, a modified turbulence model is proposed in this paper, and the effect of the acceleration of flow field on the response of vortex-induced vibration is studied based on OpenFOAM. By analyzing the responses of amplitude, phase and trajectory, frequency and vortex mode, it is proved that the vortex-induced vibration can be predicted accurately with the modified turbulence model under appropriate flow field acceleration.  相似文献   

近55 a新疆净生态系统生产力对气候变化的响应     

杨静  黄秉光  黄玫  古丽格娜 《干旱区地理》2017,40(5):1054-1060

新疆地处干旱和半干旱气候区,明确其生态系统的碳汇大小及其对气候变化的响应对研究中国干旱区植被碳汇及其对陆地碳平衡的贡献具有重要意义。基于最新地面气象观测数据,利用大气植被相互作用模型AVIM2（Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model 2）,在0.05°×0.05°经纬度空间网格上估算分析了1961-2015年新疆净生态系统生产力（NEP）的时空分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。研究结果表明：近55 a新疆NEP平均值为14.4 gC·m^-2,没有明显变化趋势。空间上看,约40%地区的NEP呈下降趋势,主要分布在天山两麓的城市人口聚集区;而60%地区NEP呈上升走势,其主要分布在新疆昆仑山脉、天山山区和人烟稀少的荒漠地区。新疆NEP对降水量变化更为敏感,气温的变化对NEP的影响并不显著。虽然新疆平均碳汇随着年降水量的变化而在源与汇之间波动,但是从多年平均来看,新疆仍然为碳汇区。  相似文献   

基于灰色关联分析法的松辽盆地CO_2地质储存适宜性评价     

宋铁军  万玉玉  张文强  饶文迪  孟婧莹  范基娇  高睿敏 《地质通报》2017,36(10):1874-1883

松辽盆地是中国主要的能源基地,随着中国振兴东北老工业基地政策的实施,如何应对工业和经济发展带来的CO_2排放量的增加,将成为亟需解决的问题。在盆地内进行CO_2地质储存将成为盆地内解决该问题的主要技术选择之一。以松辽盆地为研究对象,在深入分析松辽盆地CO_2地质储存条件的基础上,从储存规模、储存安全性和社会环境风险及经济适宜性4个方面综合考虑,构建了由16个指标组成的松辽盆地CO_2地质储存适宜性评价指标体系,利用灰色关联分析法对松辽盆地33个二级构造单元进行了盆地级适宜性评价工作,评价结果为进一步场地级目标靶区的筛选提供了科技支撑。  相似文献   

四川盆地理论CO_2地质利用与封存潜力评估     

刁玉杰  朱国维  金晓琳  张超  李旭峰 《地质通报》2017,36(6):1088-1095

结合CO_2地质利用与封存技术机理,在国际权威潜力评估公式的基础上,系统地提出了适合中国地质背景的次盆地尺度CO_2封存潜力评估方法及关键参数取值。同时,以四川盆地为例,依次开展了枯竭油田地质封存与CO_2强化石油开采、枯竭气田与CO_2强化采气、不可采煤层地质封存与CO_2驱替煤层气,以及咸水层地质封存技术的CO_2地质封存潜力。结果表明,四川盆地利用深部咸水层与枯竭天然气田CO_2地质封存潜力最大,期望值分别达154.20×10~8t和53.73×10~8t。其中,枯竭天然气田因成藏条件好、勘探程度高、基础建设完善,为四川盆地及其周边利用枯竭气田CO_2地质封存技术实现低碳减排提供了早期示范机会。CO_2地质利用与封存潜力评估方法,对进一步开展全国次盆地尺度理论封存潜力评估与工程规划具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于GMS的三维TOUGH2模型及模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭家华  雷宏武 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(4)

GMS和TOUGH2均是应用广泛的地下流动系统数值模拟软件,其中,GMS界面友好,功能强大;而TOUGH2虽具有强大的数值计算能力,但缺乏友好的可视化前后处理界面。本文借助GMS强大的前处理能力,基于概念模型建立了三维复杂模型,把GMS/MODFLOW三维数值模型(包括网格数据、岩性数据、初始和边界数据等)转化为TOUGH2数值模型进行数值计算。通过两个计算实例(含水层水平没有起伏和有起伏)对比分析了GMS/MODFLOW和TOUGH2计算结果的差异。结果显示,该方法可以快速地建立刻画复杂地质条件的TOUGH2模型,计算结果与GMS/MODFLOW差异很小,说明两个软件均有很高的可信度;同时,该方法发挥了两个软件各自的优势,为进行更为复杂的多相流动数值模拟提供了可行性。  相似文献   

Joint inversion of long‐offset and central‐loop transient electromagnetic data: Application to a mud volcano exploration in Perekishkul,Azerbaijan          下载免费PDF全文

J. Adrian  R. Bergers  M. Gurk  B. Tezkan  A. L. Mammadov  A. G. Novruzov 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):478-494

Mud volcanism is commonly observed in Azerbaijan and the surrounding South Caspian Basin. This natural phenomenon is very similar to magmatic volcanoes but differs in one considerable aspect: Magmatic volcanoes are generally the result of ascending molten rock within the Earth's crust, whereas mud volcanoes are characterised by expelling mixtures of water, mud, and gas. The majority of mud volcanoes have been observed on ocean floors or in deep sedimentary basins, such as those found in Azerbaijan. Furthermore, their occurrences in Azerbaijan are generally closely associated with hydrocarbon reservoirs and are therefore of immense economic and geological interest. The broadside long‐offset transient electromagnetic method and the central‐loop transient electromagnetic method were applied to study the inner structure of such mud volcanoes and to determine the depth of a resistive geological formation that is predicted to contain the majority of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the survey area. One‐dimensional joint inversion of central‐loop and long‐offset transient electromagnetic data was performed using the inversion schemes of Occam and Marquardt. By using the joint inversion models, a subsurface resistivity structure ranging from the surface to a depth of approximately 7 km was determined. Along a profile running perpendicular to the assumed strike direction, lateral resistivity variations could only be determined in the shallow depth range using the transient electromagnetic data. An attempt to resolve further two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional resistivity structures, representing possible mud migration paths at large depths using the long‐offset transient electromagnetic data, failed. Moreover, the joint inversion models led to ambiguous results regarding the depth and resistivity of the hydrocarbon target formation due to poor resolution at great depths (>5 km). Thus, 1D/2D modelling studies were subsequently performed to investigate the influence of the resistive terminating half‐space on the measured long‐offset transient electromagnetic data. The 1D joint inversion models were utilised as starting models for both the 1D and 2D modelling studies. The results tend to show that a resistive terminating half‐space, implying the presence of the target formation, is the favourable geological setting. Furthermore, the 2D modelling study aimed to fit all measured long‐offset transient electromagnetic Ex transients along the profile simultaneously. Consequently, 3125 2D forward calculations were necessary to determine the best‐fit resistivity model. The results are consistent with the 1D inversion, indicating that the data are best described by a resistive terminating half‐space, although the resistivity and depth cannot be determined clearly.  相似文献