海权的国际法释义——以《联合国海洋法公约》的相关规定为中心   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹年长  程涛 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(5)

海权是国家主权的自然延伸,是一种具有权利义务内容的法权;海权是国家在海洋中享有的基本权利,是一种安全权和自卫权;海权还是主权国家的发展权。随着国际海洋新秩序的确立,国际社会应该重新认识和定位海权。我国政府应维护我国的海权,推动我国海洋事业的发展。  相似文献   

INTERDECADAL CHANGE OF DIABATIC FORCING OVER KEY REGION OF THE MARITIME CONTINENT AND ITS POSSIBLE RELATIONS WITH THE EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON ANOMALIES     

许琪  管兆勇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(1):54-62

The Maritime Continent(MC) is an important region where the Tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean interact with each other via "the atmospheric bridge" and a key region for the interaction between the Asian and Australian monsoons. Using the NCEP/NCAR and CMAP monthly mean reanalysis over the period of 1979-2012, the interdecadal variations of diabatic forcing over the key region of the Maritime Continent and its possible relations with the East Asian summer monsoon have been investigated in the present paper. Our results show that climate variations in the Maritime Continent is particularly significant in the area of 95-145°E, 10°S-10°N, which is thus defined as the key area of the MC(i.e., KMC area). Without the input of latent heat release in the atmosphere, distinct interdecadal change of diabatic heating is found to exist from 1979 to 2012; it intensified before 1980 s and peaked in the late 1980 s and weakened after this period. By analyzing each individual component that contributes to the diabatic heating in the KMC area, surface latent heat flux and net long-wave radiation in the atmosphere are found to be the two dominant components. With negative diabatic heating anomalies over KMC, there will be more precipitation on islands and less precipitation over sea, and more rainfall around the equator, which is in correspondence with the convergence center around the equator in the KMC area. Along the meridional-vertical section averaged between 115-120 ° E, the well-defined vertical circulation anomalies are observed with the ascending branches over KMC and the area around 30°N respectively, and the descending branch over the South China Sea. Water vapor transports from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea to eastern China to benefit the positive precipitation anomalies. The meridional-vertical circulation in East Asia plays a critical role in linking the interdecadal variability of diabatic heating over the KMC and East Asian summer monsoon anomalies.  相似文献   

重要经济发展区域间海运网络时空演变特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余红楚  方志祥  陆锋  彭澎  赵志远  冯明翔 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(5):582-592

“海上丝绸之路”沿线国家（MSR）、金砖国家（BRICS）、美日韩（AJK）是重要经济发展区域。研究其海运网络的时空演变规律有助于国家层面的贸易竞争均衡分析,对海运战略科学部署和智慧应对具有十分重要的意义。AIS（Automatic Identification System）数据具有实时性,且已基本覆盖全球港口的近海区域,能为海运网络提供及时分析的数据支撑。本文利用AIS数据挖掘MSR、BRICS、AJK的运输网络时空演变规律,结果表明,MSR散货、集装箱、油轮的内部网络结构的变化明显大于AJK和BRICS,说明“一带一路”倡议促进了MSR的内部海运贸易;MSR、AJK和BRICS的外部网络结构变化2013-2016年都较大,说明“一带一路”倡议的实施期间,MSR、AJK和BRICS 3个区域之间的海运贸易变化较大;3个区域的集装箱、油轮吞吐量加权的内外部海运网络结构2015-2016年较2013-2014年更为稳定,随着“一带一路”倡议的实施,这3个区域内部和区域之间的吞吐量加权海运网络结构变化幅度逐步减小。“一带一路”倡议对不同的经济发展区域的影响不同,对MSR的内外部海运网络结构都产生了一定影响,对BRICS散货、集装箱、油轮型海运网络的影响呈现差异化特征,对AJK内部海运网络没有影响,对AJK的外部网络产生了部分影响。提高MSR的海运贸易吞吐量,提升MSR在海运网络中的贸易地位,仍是当前的发展重点。  相似文献   

Surface Heat Balance and Spatially Distributed Ablation Modelling at Koryto Glacier, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Keiko Konya  Takane Matsumoto  Renji Naruse 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2004,86(4):337-348

To investigate the characteristics of ablation at Koryto Glacier, a mountain glacier under maritime climate in Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, we made field observations from August to early September 2000. At a site near the equilibrium line, the 31‐day average net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux were 43, 59 and 31 W^?2, respectively. We developed a new distributed ablation model, which only needs measurements of air temperature and global radiation at one site. Hourly ablation rates at this site obtained by the energy balance method are related to measured air temperature and global radiation by linear multiple regression. A different set of multiple regression coefficients is fitted for snow and ice surfaces. Better estimates of ablation rate can be obtained by this approach than by other temperature index models. These equations are then applied to each grid cell of a digital elevation model to estimate spatially distributed hourly melt. Air temperature is extrapolated using a constant temperature lapse rate and global radiation is distributed considering topographic effects. The model enables us to calculate the hourly spatial distribution of ablation rates within the glacier area and could well provide a realistic simulation of ablation over the whole glacier.  相似文献   

Marine testing board for certification of ballast water treatment technologies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Champ MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1327-1335

The proposed MTB is a process to expedite the implementation of international standards and regulations, and the subsequent testing, certification, and regulatory approval of new ballast water treatment ("control") technologies. This would expedite their acceptance in the global marketplace and reduce risks of shipowners following international regulation. The cost to test and evaluate and certify new ballast water treatment technologies for the global marketplace has been estimated to be less than US $1 per day per ship. It is time for the shipping industry, national regulatory bodies, and IMO to endorse the concept of the MTB and for the shipping industry to support a proactive cost-saving solution for sustainable shipping and protecting the environment from unwanted invasions of aquatic species with their potential negative impacts.  相似文献   

华中华东地区上空水汽平衡状况   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔玉琴 《水文》1998,(1):14-21

华中华东地区,为我国纬度较低,涨岸线最长的地区。该区雨水资源,地表水资源量均居全国之首。其维系因子－空中水汽,业经本文计算,其年总蓄留量＋１９７７４．５４亿ｍ＾３,相当水深１３９７ｍｍ,为水资源总量的１．７６倍,全国第一。  相似文献   

全球高端航运服务业的时空演化及影响因素分析     

王列辉  张楠翌  林羽珊 《地理研究》2021,40(3):708-724

发展高端航运服务业是港口城市产业转型的重要着力点。基于劳合社海事企业名录,利用连锁网络、回归模型等,研究1982—2018年全球高端航运服务业节点城市和城际联系的空间演变及影响因素。结果表明：① 全球高端航运服务业骨架由“T”字型向“大三角形”转变,网络重心不断东移,欧洲、地中海和亚太地区构成的东西向市场是其发展主线。② 节点城市的网络地位提升与该城市和前序城市建立的联系强度有密切关系,与覆盖的市场范围联系不大。③ 高端航运服务业的区位选择主要受资本、技术和市场的共同影响,其布局临近客户和市场,倾向于知识密集型的产业集聚。④ 集装箱吞吐量和地区宏观经济对高端航运服务业布局的显著性增强,人口数量、港口和行政中心的显著性消失。  相似文献   

海上移动站精密测轨方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

康德勇  徐劲  茅永兴 《天文学报》2005,46(3):314-321

将人造卫星精密定轨理论应用于海上移动站精密定轨，根据移动站的特点，建立了相应的定轨条件方程，并在此基础上利用海上移动站某次飞船发射任务跟踪数据进行了实算，给出了定轨结果和讨论。  相似文献   

海洋经济研究生教育的兴起与发展     

陈万灵  徐质斌  张庆霖 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(5):110-113

人们对海洋的探索以及对海洋经济的认识和研究,促使海洋经济(专业)教育的兴起。20世纪80年代初期,与"海洋经济"相近方向的研究生教育开始;新世纪以来,明确设立"海洋经济"研究方向的研究生教育得到较快发展。必须积极解决海洋经济的学科性质及其归属、发展定位等限制研究生教育的问题,有关海洋经济科研院所和高校必须大力合作,促进海洋经济学科及其研究生教育的大发展。  相似文献   

Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions from international shipping: Burden sharing under different UNFCCC allocation options and regime scenarios     

Nadine Heitmann  Setareh Khalilian 《Marine Policy》2011

CO₂ emissions from international shipping, which are currently unregulated, are predicted to rise dramatically if no regulations are implemented. International bunker fuel emissions have been excluded from the Kyoto Protocol; the UNFCCC conference in Copenhagen also failed to bring about clear directions on how to proceed with these emissions.  相似文献