构造应变与砂岩成岩的构造非均质性——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷研究为例   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

李忠  张丽娟  寿建峰  韩登林  沈杨  张惠良 《岩石学报》2009,25(10):2320-2330

孔隙性砂岩在应变过程中首先发生应变局域化并形成肉眼不易识别的变形条带(deformation band),这与低孔隙性的碳酸盐岩的应变效应迥然不同.实例分析说明,天山南缘库车坳陷后期构造变形强烈,自白垩纪以来构造应变具有南北分带、东西分异的显著特征.结合盆地构造格架以及砂岩物性分布特征,本文提出了该区六类砂岩储层改造的构造样式,并描述了其中砂岩的构造非均质性.其中深层卷入型(3类)主要发育于盆地西部,而浅层卷入型发育于盆地东部,其分布受基底构造、盐煤等滑脱层、近南北向的调节断裂、盆山边界接触方式的控制.除变形条带外,研究发现本区最大埋深大于6500～7000m的白垩系致密砂岩的应变属性亲近灰岩,其由于后期抬升或深层次构造应变将容易导致裂隙的发育,这一点在有效储层预测中值得重视.  相似文献   

珠江口盆地岩性油气藏类型及形成条件——以惠西南地区中新统珠江组为例     

丁琳  杜家元  张向涛  刘道理 《海相油气地质》2017,22(2)

珠江口盆地惠西南地区新近系珠江组发育古珠江三角洲前缘的连续型尖灭砂体和受波浪或潮流等改造再沉积的独立型尖灭砂体。根据研究区珠江组岩性油气藏的勘探实践,综合砂体类型与构造背景,把珠江组岩性油气藏分为3类:上倾尖灭型岩性油气藏,主要发育在东沙隆起区侧翼的鼻状构造带;背斜-上倾尖灭复合型岩性油气藏,主要发育在凹陷内部的古潜山构造带;断层-上倾尖灭复合型岩性油气藏,主要发育在断层下降盘的逆牵引构造带以及由倾向相反的正断层所夹持的凸起带。珠江组岩性油气藏为下生上储型,古近系文昌组提供了充足的油源,有利的构造背景和由断层、不整合面、渗透性砂岩及构造脊联合形成的油气垂向、横向运移路径是岩性油气藏成藏的重要条件。  相似文献   

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Jurassic Huayacocotla Formation and Alamitos Sandstone,Central Mexico     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(2):369-383

We present a modified model for the paleogeographic evolution of Mexico during Early and Late Jurassic time that is constrained by the tectonic setting and the weathering conditions of the Early Jurassic Huayacocotla Formation and Late Jurassic Alamitos Sandstone basins in state San Luis Potosí in central Mexico. Framework petrography constrains feldspato-quartzose sandstone (mean of Q₆₈F₂₂L₁₀) and litho-quartzose (mean of Q₇₅F₆L₁₉) sandstone compositions for the two units, respectively. The abundant lithic fragments are totally dominated by volcanic fragments. Quartz cathodoluminescence colours and textures from the Alamitos Sandstone supports a large input of volcanic material, but also indicates the presence of metamorphic quartz. Similarly, the geochemical composition is more mafic for the Huayacocotla Formation (Th/Sc: ˜0.6 and Cr/Th: ˜10) than for the Alamitos Sandstone (Th/Sc: ˜1.1 and Cr/Th: ˜48). Also the weathering conditions were less intense during the Early (CIA: ˜60, PIA: ˜61) than the Late Jurassic (CIA ˜85, PIA ˜97). Well preserved lithic fragments and feldspar grains, particularly in the Huayacocotla Formation, indicate that weathering indeed was minor for this unit. We interpret the difference between the two units as a combined result of climate change and tectonic setting. During the Early Jurassic, transport of volcanic detritus probably dominated from the active Nazas arc in the west. Later, additional sources from the metamorphic basement of Mexico were included. During Late Jurassic time strike-slip faulting related to the opening of the Gulf of Mexico may have re-directed the sediment-transport systems. Finally, the degree of weathering was affected by drastic climatic change from arid to humid tropical conditions during the Middle to Upper Jurassic, possibly related to the first incursions of Gulf of Mexico marine environments linked to the rotation of the Yucatan block.  相似文献   

Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods of the Fluid Inclusions in the Sandstone Reservoirs of Chang 9 Oil Groups in Yanchang Formation,Huaqing Area     

ZHAO Peng  TANG Hao  LI Juan 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(Z2):133-134

Huaqing area is an important area for oil and gas exploration and development in the Ordos Basin, within which, the Chang 9 oil group of Triassic Yanchang Formation is one of the main intervals for exploration and development (Zhang et al., 2011). Fluid inclusions record abundant oil and gas accumulation information and important oil and gas migration and accumulation history information(Parnell et al., 1998; Parnell, 2010; Jiang et al., 2018). The occurrence, distribution and intersection of the fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals were observed under microscope. The accurate formation periods of inclusions are key to determine hydrocarbon accumulation periods (Burrus et al., 1985; Zhou et al., 2000; Zhao, 2002). In addition, the fluorescence color and brightness of organic inclusions observed by fluorescence microscopy could be used to roughly identify the oil and gas evolution stages (Zhang et al., 2010). Therefore, the occurrence, distribution and fluorescence characteristics of oil and gas inclusions were important evidence for judging the hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The fluid inclusions in sandstone reservoirs of Chang 9 oil group in Huaqing Area were observed in detail, and the observation results revealed that fluid inclusions were widespread in Chang 9 sandstone and exhibited various types. Through comprehensive analyses, it was considered that the fluid inclusions in Chang 9 sandstone reservoirs indicated three hydrocarbon accumulation periods.  相似文献   

Sharp-based, tide-dominated deltas of the Sego Sandstone, Book Cliffs, Utah, USA     

Brian J. Willis  & Sharon Gabel 《Sedimentology》2001,48(3):479-506

The lower part of the Cretaceous Sego Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in east‐central Utah contains three 10‐ to 20‐m thick layers of tide‐deposited sandstone arranged in a forward‐ and then backward‐stepping stacking pattern. Each layer of tidal sandstone formed during an episode of shoreline regression and transgression, and offshore wave‐influenced marine deposits separating these layers formed after subsequent shoreline transgression and marine ravinement. Detailed facies architecture studies of these deposits suggest sandstone layers formed on broad tide‐influenced river deltas during a time of fluctuating relative sea‐level. Shale‐dominated offshore marine deposits gradually shoal and become more sandstone‐rich upward to the base of a tidal sandstone layer. The tidal sandstones have sharp erosional bases that formed as falling relative sea‐level allowed tides to scour offshore marine deposits. The tidal sandstones were deposited as ebb migrating tidal bars aggraded on delta fronts. Most delta top deposits were stripped during transgression. Where the distal edge of a deltaic sandstone is exposed, a sharp‐based stack of tidal bar deposits successively fines upward recording a landward shift in deposition after maximum lowstand. Where more proximal parts of a deltaic‐sandstone are exposed, a sharp‐based upward‐coarsening succession of late highstand tidal bar deposits is locally cut by fluvial valleys, or tide‐eroded estuaries, formed during relative sea‐level lowstand or early stages of a subsequent transgression. Estuary fills are highly variable, reflecting local depositional processes and variable rates of sediment supply along the coastline. Lateral juxtaposition of regressive deltaic deposits and incised transgressive estuarine fills produced marked facies changes in sandstone layers along strike. Estuarine fills cut into the forward‐stepped deltaic sandstone tend to be more deeply incised and richer in sandstone than those cut into the backward‐stepped deltaic sandstone. Tidal currents strongly influenced deposition during both forced regression and subsequent transgression of shorelines. This contrasts with sandstones in similar basinal settings elsewhere, which have been interpreted as tidally influenced only in transgressive parts of depositional successions.  相似文献   

DETERMINATION OF TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF A SEDIMENTARY BASIN FROM SANDSTONE COMPONENTS     

Lei SHAO  Chuanlian LIU  and Karl STATTEGGER Laboratory of Marine Geology  Tongji University  Shanghai  China  E-mail: lshaok@online.sh.cn Institute of Geoscience  University of Kiel  Germany 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)

1 INTRODUCnONThe comPonents of terrigenous sedimenop rocks indicate not only provenance information, but alsotoctOnic evolution of basin. The chdrical composition of the soure rOCks is probaby the major conttDon the chendstry of sedimentny rocks although this can be greaily modified by subsequent Processes(Rollinson l993). Thus, through exndning Petrological and chendcal comPosihons of tenigenoussedlinmp rocks, the comPonentS of the provenance or somee rOCks - which are conunnly a fun…  相似文献   

新疆伊犁盆地512矿床水文地球化学特征     

刘金辉  孙占学  陈功新 《华东地质学院学报》2002,25(4):271-274

在系统分析伊犁盆地 5 12砂岩型铀矿床成矿地质背景基础上 ,阐述了补给区、径流区和排泄区地下水水文地球化学特征 ,并由此得到矿区氧化带、矿化带地下水化学类型分别为SO4·HCO3-Na·Ca型和HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na型 ,其水化学成分演化过程与岩石中硫化物氧化和脱硫酸作用有关 ,水化学类型为铀矿化地段的确定提供了证据。  相似文献   

Hydromechanical properties and alteration of natural fracture surfaces in the Soultz granite (Bas-Rhin, France)     

Judith Sausse   《Tectonophysics》2002,348(1-3)

Natural fractures are characterized by rough surfaces and complex fluid flows. A large distribution of apertures (residual voids) within their walls and the presence of contact points (in situ normal loads) produce heterogeneous flows (channeling). The resulting permeabilities, porosities or fluid–rock exchange surfaces cannot be realistically modeled by parallel and smooth plate models. Four natural fractures are sampled at different depths and degrees of alteration in the Soultz sandstone and granite (EPS1 drillhole, Soultz-sous-Forêts, Bas-Rhin, France). The fracture surfaces are measured with mechanical profilometry and maps of asperity heights (XYZ). Resulting local apertures (XYe) are then calculated. A statistical study of the surface profiles (XZ) show that the fractures are more or less rough and tortuous according to the types of alteration. Altered samples are characterized by smoother surfaces of fractures. Such differences imply that (i) the average fracture aperture is not representative for the whole fracture and that (ii) the different local apertures should be integrated in hydraulic and mechanical models. A hydraulic model (finite difference calculations) of fluid flow, taking into account the elastic closure (Hertz contact theory) of fractures with depth, is used. Maps of contact points and relative local loads within the fracture planes are compared to flow maps. They show different channeling of fluid flows. Strongly altered fractures are characterized by homogeneous fluxes despite the presence of numerous contact zones during the closure of fracture. By contrast, fresh fractures develop, increasing fluid flow channels with depth.Fracture closure (increasing normal stress) does not systematically increase the channeling of fluid flow. There is evidence for a general smoothing out of the irregularities of the fracture walls due to precipitation of secondary minerals, indicating that the cubic law can be commonly valid, also at great crustal depth but this validity depends on the degree of fracture alteration. Mineralogical and geochemical observations, thus, should be taken into account to perform more accurate permeability calculations and models of fluid circulation in fracture networks.  相似文献   

Diagenesis of the Lower Cretaceous Kanmon Group sandstones, SW Japan     

Kyung Hwan Sur  Yong Il Lee  Ken-ichiro Hisada 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2002,20(8)

The Kanmon Group (Lower Cretaceous) is a non-marine sequence in the Inner Zone of southwest Japan and is divided into the lower Wakino (lacustrine) and the upper Shimonoseki (fluvial) subgroups. Major diagenetic changes in this group are compaction, iron-oxide cementation, calcite cementation and grain replacement, quartz overgrowth and pore-fill cementation, illite authigenesis, chlorite pore-fill cementation and grain replacement, albitization of feldspar, and grain replacement by pyrite. Two subgroups of the Kanmon Group present no significant differences in general diagenetic features, paragenetic sequence, or the degree of diagenetic changes despite differences in depositional environments (lacustrine vs. fluvial) and stratigraphic positions. However, some differences are recognized in the content and chemistry of authigenic minerals caused by different sandstone framework compositions. The content of authigenic clay minerals is higher in sandstones of the Shimonoseki Subgroup containing abundant volcanic rock fragments. In addition, the composition of chlorite, the most abundant authigenic clay mineral in Kanmon sandstones, is Mg-rich in the volcanoclastic Shimonoseki sandstones, compared to an Fe-rich variety in Wakino sandstones. The original sandstone composition played a significant role in pore-water composition and diagenetic reactions.The Wakino sandstones lost most of its porosity by compaction, whereas Shimonoseki sandstones are only compacted in the vicinity of the basin-bounding fault. The weakly compacted Shimonoseki sandstones, instead, were largely cemented by pore-filling calcite during early diagenesis; cementation prevented compaction during further burial. The Kanmon Group sediments were heated to about 300 °C based on illite crystallinity values.  相似文献   

Tidal shelf sedimentation in the Neoproterozoic Chattisgarh succession of central India     

Sarbani Patranabis Deb 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(3):211-226

The Neoproterozoic Kansapathar Sandstone of the Chattisgarh basin, a shallow marine shelf bar sequence, consists of mineralogically and texturally mature sandstones with subordinate siltstones, mudstones and conglomerates. The sediments were transported, reworked and deposited in subtidal environments by strong tidal currents of macrotidal regime as well as storms, and accumulated as discrete shoaling-upward features, separated from each other by muddy to low-energy sandy deposits. The sandbodies developed into shoaling up linear bars, often more than a kilometre in length, through accretion of thick cross-stratified units in transverse directions under the influence of ebb and flood tidal currents, as well as in longitudinal direction affected by southeasterly flowing along-shore currents. The aggrading upper surfaces of the bars experienced protracted reworking by strong oscillatory wave currents leading to extensive development of subaqueous 2D or 3D dunes mantled with lag pebble deposits at different points. With continued shoaling and progradation, the bars amalgamated into large sandstone sheets with the development of high energy beach deposits and coastal sand flats in the uppermost part of the sequence. The presence of rill marks, flat-topped ripples, wrinkle marks, desiccation cracks and adhesion warts point to intertidal conditions with intermittent exposure. The high energy sandstone bars overlie a thick mudstone-dominated shelf sequence across a sharp interface indicating rapid change in the sea-level, provenance, rate of sediment generation and sediment input, and circulation condition in the shelf. A quiet muddy shelf was replaced by a major sand-depositing environment with strong, open marine circulation. An interplay of tidal currents, oscillatory wave currents and storm currents generated a complex flow pattern that varied in time and space from bimodal-bipolar to strongly unimodal flows. Close parallelism of wave ripple crests, trend of linear bars and unidirectional flows suggest that the elongate bars were parallel to sub-parallel to the coastline, and were strongly influenced by along shore drift. The inferred coastline was broadly N-S. The large-scale structures in the bar sandstones, emplacement of vast amount of sand and migration of large bedforms under strong macrotidal currents collectively indicate that the Kansapathar shelf was intimately connected with an open ocean basin towards north-northwest.  相似文献