Variable character and diverse origin of hybrid event beds in a sandy submarine fan system,Pennsylvanian Ross Sandstone Formation,western Ireland     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(3):952-992

Hybrid event beds comprising both clean and mud‐rich sandstone are important components of many deep‐water systems and reflect the passage of turbulent sediment gravity flows with zones of clay‐damped or suppressed turbulence. ‘Behind‐outcrop’ cores from the Pennsylvanian deep‐water Ross Sandstone Formation reveal hybrid event beds with a wide range of expression in terms of relative abundance, character and inferred origin. Muddy hybrid event beds first appear in the underlying Clare Shale Formation where they are interpreted as the distal run‐out of the wakes to flows which deposited most of their sand up‐dip before transforming to fluid mud. These are overlain by unusually thick (up to 4·4 m), coarse sandy hybrid event beds (89% of the lowermost Ross Formation by thickness) that record deposition from outsized flows in which transformations were driven by both substrate entrainment in the body of the flow and clay fractionation in the wake. A switch to dominantly fine‐grained sand was accompanied initially by the arrest of turbulence‐damped, mud‐rich flows with evidence for transitional flow conditions and thick fluid mud caps. The mid and upper Ross Formation contain metre‐scale bed sets of hybrid event beds (21 to 14%, respectively) in (i) upward‐sandying bed set associations immediately beneath amalgamated sheet or channel elements; (ii) stacked thick‐bedded and thin‐bedded hybrid event bed‐dominated bed sets; (iii) associations of hybrid event bed‐dominated bed sets alternating with conventional turbidites; and (iv) rare outsized hybrid event beds. Hybrid event bed dominance in the lower Ross Formation may reflect significant initial disequilibrium, a bias towards large‐volume flows in distal sectors of the basin, extensive mud‐draped slopes and greater drop heights promoting erosion. Higher in the formation, hybrid event beds record local perturbations related to channel switching, lobe relocations and extension of channels across the fan surface. The Ross Sandstone Formation confirms that hybrid event beds can form in a variety of ways, even in the same system, and that different flow transformation mechanisms may operate even during the passage of a single flow.  相似文献   

Evidence for marine influence in the Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone,Surat Basin,eastern Australia     

M. Martin  M. Wakefield  V. Bianchi  J. Esterle  F. Zhou 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(1):75-91

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Lower Cretaceous provenance in the northern Austral basin of Patagonia from sedimentary petrography     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2015

The northern Austral basin from Patagonia is characterized by an Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Albian) coarse-grained regressive sequence. These littoral to continental deposits conform a 150 km long basin cropping out along the Southern Patagonian Andes between 47 and 48°S. The basin fill consist of basal deltaic sandstones with interbedded shales and limestones from the Río Belgrano Formation, topped by up to 350 m of fluvial conglomerates and reworked tuffs of the Río Tarde and Kachaike formations. This continental depocenter represent a major geodynamic and paleoenviromental change from the underling marine Río Mayer Formation. In this study we analyze the tectonic setting and provenance during deposition of the coarse-grained sequence using sedimentary petrography of 37 thin sections in four stratigraphic profiles covering the northern basin. Our dataset indicates mainly a recycled orogenic sandstones provenance, in agreement with potential surrounding basement sources.  相似文献   

Reservoir quality and rock properties modeling – Triassic and Jurassic sandstones,greater Shearwater area,UK Central North Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

The complex burial and diagenetic histories of the Jurassic Fulmar and Triassic Skagerrak sandstones in the UK Central North Sea present significant challenges with regard to reservoir quality and rock property prediction. Commercial reservoir quality is retained despite deep burial and associated high temperatures and pressures. Shallow marine Fulmar sands are normally compacted (mean IGV = 26 ± 3%) yet have porosities of 21–33%. Porosity was preserved through inhibition of quartz cementation by clay and microquartz coatings, and enhanced by dissolution of framework grains (∼5%). Skagerrak fluvial sands are more compacted (mean IGV = 23 ± 2%), exhibit minor feldspar dissolution (<1%), and have porosities of 16–27%. Quartz cement averages only 2 ± 1.5% due to robust chlorite coats that cover 80% (±13%) of quartz surfaces.We modeled reservoir quality evolution using the forward diagenetic model Touchstone, which simulates porosity loss due to compaction and quartz cementation. Quantitative petrographic analyses and burial history data were used to calibrate Touchstone model parameters. The results were applied to deeper prospects for pre-drill prediction of porosity and permeability. In parallel, petrophysical data were used to characterize the elastic properties of the sandstones to provide a basis for quantitative seismic forward modeling. Experimental data and core-calibrated petrophysical results, reflecting variable in situ fluids and saturations, were used to build an elastic properties model. The model is robust and was used to generate fluid-filled sandstone properties, incorporating Touchstone results, for prospect-specific seismic attribute modeling. Well results from exploration wells are in good agreement with pre-drill Touchstone and elastic properties model predictions.  相似文献   

On the origin and the tectonic implications of magnetic overprinting of the Old Red Sandstone, Shetland     

T. H. Torsvik  B. A. Sturt  D. M. Ramsay 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,99(3):749-759

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Quality assessment of armourstone for a rubble mound breakwater (Sinop, Turkey)     

T. Topal  O. Acir 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(6-7):905-913

Helald is a fishing town in the central Black Sea region where construction of a rubble mound breakwater is being planned. The construction of the breakwater requires good quality durable armourstone. Several laboratory tests are performed for the quality assessment of the two potential armourstone, namely, limestone and sandstone. The quality evaluation of the stones is done on the basis of CIRIA/CUR criteria, saturation coefficient, wet-to-dry strength ratio, and the rock durability index. The quality evaluations are then compared with the field performance of both rocks. Laboratory test results, durability assessments and field performance of the rocks indicate that the limestone is a good quality armourstone and it can be used for the breakwater construction. However, the sandstone is marginal to poor material with very poor field performance, and should not be used for the breakwater construction.  相似文献   

Fossil marine vertebrates from the Codell Sandstone Member (middle Turonian) of the Upper Cretaceous Carlile Shale in Jewell County,Kansas, USA     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

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Prediction of uniaxial compressive strength of sandstones using petrography-based models   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. Zorlu  C. Gokceoglu  F. Ocakoglu  H.A. Nefeslioglu  S. Acikalin 《Engineering Geology》2008,96(3-4):141-158

The uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock is the main parameter used in almost all engineering projects. The uniaxial compressive strength test requires high quality core samples of regular geometry. The standard cores cannot always be extracted from weak, highly fractured, thinly bedded, foliated and/or block-in-matrix rocks. For this reason, the simple prediction models become attractive for engineering geologists. Although, the sandstone is one of the most abundant rock type, a general prediction model for the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstones does not exist in the literature. The main purposes of the study are to investigate the relationships between strength and petrographical properties of sandstones, to construct a database as large as possible, to perform a logical parameter selection routine, to discuss the key petrographical parameters governing the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstones and to develop a general prediction model for the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstones. During the analyses, a total of 138 cases including uniaxial compressive strength and petrographic properties were employed. Independent variables for the multiple prediction model were selected as quartz content, packing density and concavo–convex type grain contact. Using these independent variables, two different prediction models such as multiple regression and ANN were developed. Also, a routine for the selection of the best prediction model was proposed in the study. The constructed models were checked by using various prediction performance indices. Consequently, it is possible to say that the constructed models can be used for practical purposes.  相似文献   

阴极发光分析在恢复砂岩碎屑长石含量中的应用——鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究     

黄思静  佟宏鹏  黄可可  刘丽红  张雪花 《地球科学进展》2008,23(10):1013-1019

鄂尔多斯盆地山西组、太原组和四川盆地须家河组的砂岩都是中国重要的天然气储集层,其特征是具有极低的长石含量和广泛的方解石胶结作用。对这些地层的样品进行了阴极发光分析并很好地揭示了方解石胶结作用发生前的砂岩组构。研究表明：在这些含煤地层的砂岩中,至少有10%~20%的长石在埋藏成岩过程中被煤系地层的酸性流体所溶解,因而砂岩的高成分成熟度和较大的“粒间孔隙体积”都不是原生的。另外,残余长石的阴极发光性还表明：埋藏成岩过程中被溶解的长石主要是钾长石,说明在风化、搬运和埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段,钾长石是相对稳定的,更多的斜长石是在埋藏前或埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段被溶解的,因而钾长石应是碎屑岩埋藏成岩过程中对次生孔隙贡献最大的长石类型。  相似文献   

Sedimentological control on the diagenesis and reservoir quality of tidal sandstones of the Upper Cape Hay Formation (Permian,Bonaparte Basin,Australia)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

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