滇西龙川江盆地中南部砂岩型铀矿成矿特征及成因探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡煜琦  李满根 《华东地质学院学报》2002,25(2):124-127

研究了龙川江盆地中南部的沉积特征、构造特征及含矿岩系特征，提出铀成矿与构造演化中的2个沉积间断面关系密切。通过对龙川江盆地中南部铀矿化特征的研究，在382矿床内发现了沥青铀矿、铀黑和磷钙铀矿，在381矿床发现了超显微状放射性矿物，并根据龙川江盆地中南部382矿床成矿年龄的研究，提出了龙川江盆地中南部铀矿化的多阶段成因。  相似文献   

论塔里木盆地“东河砂岩”的地质时代   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

朱怀诚  罗辉  王启飞  张师本  赵治信  黄智斌 《地层学杂志》2002,26(3):197-201

系统总结了关于近年来塔里木盆地重要储油层——“东河砂岩”年代研究所取得的主要进展 ,包括 1)“东河砂岩”中发现晚泥盆世孢子和胴甲鱼化石 ;　 2 )含砾砂岩段发现晚泥盆世盾皮鱼化石 ;　 3)下泥岩段下部发现晚泥盆世孢子 ;　 4 )下泥岩段上部和生屑灰岩段分别发现石炭纪初期第一、二孢子组合带 ;　 5 )生屑灰岩段发现石炭纪初期的牙形刺 ;　 6 )化学 -生物地层学研究结果指示 ,泥盆系 -石炭系界线应在“东河砂岩”顶面之上。据此 ,“东河砂岩”的时代应为泥盆纪。  相似文献   

Morphology and mineralogy of red desert soils in the libyan sahara     

K. Atkinson  B. Waugh 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(2):103-115

The occurrence of red desert soil profiles developed on Nubian Sandstone in the Libyan Sahara is discussed. From an examination of profile morphology in the field and the position of the soils at 970 m on an old land surface, it would be possible to regard them as desert paleosols formed under a previous humid climatic phase during the Quaternary. However, an investigation of the mineralogy of the soils and the underlying parent rocks strongly suggests that the properties of the soils are largely dependent on the parent material. Both have identical patterns of kaolinite content, haematite as the main ferric oxide, and similar proportions of quartz silt and coarse quartz sand. Therefore, the use of kaolinite and ferric oxides in interpreting past soil-forming climates in arid regions needs to be carried out with caution, for in the present case such an interpretation would be unreliable.  相似文献   

Seismogenically induced fluidization of Jurassic erg sands, south-central Utah     

Dennis Netoff 《Sedimentology》2002,49(1):65-80

Large bodies of fluidized sandstone occur in the Jurassic Entrada, Carmel, Page and Navajo Formations at several locations in south‐central Utah. They are most abundant in the Entrada Sandstone, where they commonly occur in clusters, have a cylindrical form and have a sharp contact with their cross‐bedded host rock. These clastic pipes are as wide as 75 m and have exposed heights of as much as 100 m. Some of the Entrada pipes extend well into the underlying Carmel redbeds. Other clastic pipes in the Entrada Sandstone are less deformed and display various degrees of brittle‐to‐hydroplastic deformation and liquefaction. Clastic pipes in the Page and Navajo Sandstones are less common, but are similar in size and form to those in the Entrada and Carmel, and probably have a similar origin. Some massive sandstone bodies are irregular in form and have tongue‐like projections into the host rock, implying forcible injection of fluidized sand. Several pipe–host contacts in the Entrada Sandstone display small‐scale ring faults. Where relative displacement can be clearly demonstrated, pipe sandstones are invariably down‐faulted, locally as much as 5 m. At two sites, Carmel host rock is upwarped around the Entrada pipes. Stratified and cross‐bedded breccia blocks occur in many Entrada pipes, and preliminary petrographic analysis indicates that at least some of these breccia blocks are derived from the host rock. Homogeneous pipe sandstones are also petrographically similar to their Entrada host rock, suggesting that some pipes originate through fluidization of the fine‐grained Entrada. Fluidization of the Entrada must have occurred in a water‐saturated environment during early diagenesis but before complete lithification, most probably under considerable porewater pressure. Although there are no known modern analogues to these huge masses of structureless sandstone, they may have a small‐scale modern counterpart in earthquake‐induced sandblows. These features were most probably caused by large‐magnitude seismic events during the Middle Jurassic, although other possibilities cannot be ruled out at this point.  相似文献   

深水盆地中大型侵入砂岩的地震识别及其成因机制探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴时国  孙运宝  孙启良  董冬冬  袁圣强  马玉波 《地球科学进展》2008,23(6):562-569

侵入砂岩是深水盆地中常见的地质现象,由于本身具有高孔隙度、高渗透率的特点,对深水油气储集、运移和成藏均有重要的影响。综合国内外研究成果,探讨了深水盆地中大型侵入砂岩的地震特征和成因机制。研究表明侵入砂岩具有明显的强振幅地震反射,这些振幅异常一般呈V字形反射形态,沿着走向反映出一系列的特点,如阶梯性、分支性等,并伴有极性反转和高速度异常,在侵入砂岩下部的喉道出现上拉现象;关于侵入砂岩的成因,认为是未固结成岩阶段深水盆地中的异常超压砂体的向上侵位形成,大型的侵入砂岩及其伴生的断裂系统为流体运移提供渗流通道,深部水道或深水扇系统为侵入砂岩提供充足的物源。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏原油伴生气二氧化碳的碳同位素组成特征及成因初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐汉林  江同文  顾乔元  张秋茶 《海相油气地质》2008,13(2):22-26

哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏由哈得1号和哈得4号两个圈闭组成。16口油井原油伴生气中CO2的含量在0.46%～4.97%,δ13CCO2值分布在-12.3‰～-7.0‰,这两组数值在油田不同地区呈有规律的分布,由北往南,均逐渐增加,至哈得4号圈闭内δ13CCO2达到峰值。依据现有的CO2成因鉴别标准,它们既有有机成因,也有无机成因。与其伴生的氦气的3He/4He值为n×10-8,具有典型的壳源沉积特征。综合分析认为,东河砂岩油藏中的CO2主要来源于无机成因的海相碳酸盐岩和东河砂岩储层中钙质胶结物的热分解。δ13CCO2值和CO2含量分布的不均匀性可能与油藏正在充注调整有关。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地满西地区石炭系东河砂岩沉积层序分析与储集层评价^*   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

吴因业  孙龙德  顾家裕  侯宇安  舒红  牛新 《古地理学报》2008,10(1):13-24

塔里木盆地满西地区石炭系东河砂岩主要发育于滨岸沉积体系和强制海退体系域,沉积砂体表现为逐级下降的楔状体。东河砂岩沉积期间,其滨岸环境以高能砂质滨岸和高能砾质滨岸居多,泥质滨岸极少见。东河砂岩有利储集层的主控因素是岸线迁移与相带展布。油气运移条件和优质储集层的分布决定了有利勘探区带。油气储集体分布预测应该依据强制海退体系域楔状体随岸线迁移的分布规律展开。在沉积层序分析和储集体评价的基础上,结合油气勘探现状和构造圈闭分析,初步确定塔里木盆地满西地区有3个石油勘探有利区带。经钻探实践证实,依据这一思路可以获得油气大发现。  相似文献   

Mineralogical alteration of artificial meteorites during atmospheric entry. The STONE-5 experiment     

Franz Brandsttter  Andr Brack  Pietro Baglioni  Charles S. Cockell  Ren Demets  Howell G.M. Edwards  Gero Kurat  Gordon R. Osinski  Judith M. Pillinger  Claude-Alain Roten  Suzy Sancisi-Frey 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(7):976-984

The generic concept of the artificial meteorite experiment STONE is to fix rock samples bearing microorganisms on the heat shield of a recoverable space capsule and to study their modifications during atmospheric re-entry. The STONE-5 experiment was performed mainly to answer astrobiological questions. The rock samples mounted on the heat shield were used (i) as a carrier for microorganisms and (ii) as internal control to verify whether physical conditions during atmospheric re-entry were comparable to those experienced by “real” meteorites. Samples of dolerite (an igneous rock), sandstone (a sedimentary rock), and gneiss impactite from Haughton Crater carrying endolithic cyanobacteria were fixed to the heat shield of the unmanned recoverable capsule FOTON-M2. Holes drilled on the back side of each rock sample were loaded with bacterial and fungal spores and with dried vegetative cryptoendoliths. The front of the gneissic sample was also soaked with cryptoendoliths.

The mineralogical differences between pre- and post-flight samples are detailed. Despite intense ablation resulting in deeply eroded samples, all rocks in part survived atmospheric re-entry. Temperatures attained during re-entry were high enough to melt dolerite, silica, and the gneiss impactite sample. The formation of fusion crusts in STONE-5 was a real novelty and strengthens the link with real meteorites. The exposed part of the dolerite is covered by a fusion crust consisting of silicate glass formed from the rock sample with an admixture of holder material (silica). Compositionally, the fusion crust varies from silica-rich areas (undissolved silica fibres of the holder material) to areas whose composition is “basaltic”. Likewise, the fusion crust on the exposed gneiss surface was formed from gneiss with an admixture of holder material. The corresponding composition of the fusion crust varies from silica-rich areas to areas with “gneiss” composition (main component potassium-rich feldspar). The sandstone sample was retrieved intact and did not develop a fusion crust. Thermal decomposition of the calcite matrix followed by disintegration and liberation of the silicate grains prevented the formation of a melt.

Furthermore, the non-exposed surface of all samples experienced strong thermal alterations. Hot gases released during ablation pervaded the empty space between sample and sample holder leading to intense local heating. The intense heating below the protective sample holder led to surface melting of the dolerite rock and to the formation of calcium-silicate rims on quartz grains in the sandstone sample.  相似文献   

Aeolian activity at a giant sandstone weathering pit in arid south‐central Utah     

Dennis I. Netoff  Marjorie A. Chan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(1):99-108

Aeolian abrasional, depositional and deflational features indicate exceptionally strong southwesterly winds in a giant sandstone weathering pit in Grand Staircase Escalante Monument, about 22 km southeast of Escalante, Utah. The 60 m wide, 5–20 m deep pit has developed near the summit of a broad, barren 160‐m‐high dome on the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone. Unlike other giant weathering pits (10–30 m diameter) in the region, the bedrock floor of this pit is undulatory, and there is a cylindrical, 10‐m‐high rock pedestal in the centre of the pit. An active dune surrounds the central pedestal and at times has as much as 8 m of local relief. The dune shifts considerably over brief (<1 year) periods of time. Fine‐grained (<250 µm) dunal sand on the pit floor is periodically removed by deflation, leaving coarser sand (>250 µm) trapped in the pit. Dunal sand is typically derived from external sources (other than the pit walls and floor). Centimetre to metre‐scale abrasional features such as grooves, flutes and dedos occur on the bedrock walls and floor of the pit. These dedos and other streamlined aeolian sculpted host‐rock features occur in clusters and typically form in the lee of iron concretions. The dedos are similar to the controversial stalked blueberries on Mars. Above the western rim of the pit there is a 29‐m‐long, 5‐m‐wide aeolian groove with a fluted bedrock floor. A 1·2‐km‐long bedrock valley descends to the southwest from the pit and groove, amplifying southwesterly winds. Data from hand‐held anemometers suggest that southwesterly winds can be accelerated 200–300 per cent or more by local topography. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Research Status and Application Prospect of Shelf-Edge Trajectory Analysis     

Cong Fuyun  Xu Shang 《地球科学进展》2017,32(9):937-948

Trajectory analysis is the hotspot and research frontier of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. Compared with conventional analytical methods, trajectory analysis is aiming at identifying sedimentary systems and predicting sandstone reservoirs more directly. The definition of trajectory analysis has been made by Helland-Hansen as “The study of the lateral and vertical migration of geomorphological features and associated sedimentary environments, with emphasis on the paths and directions of migration”. Based on current research progress, the basic concepts and methods of trajectory analysis, types of basinward-migrating trajectories (ascending, flat and descending), quantitative parameters and the application in predicting deep-water sandstone reservoirs were introduced. Trajectory analysis mainly centers on two scales: Shoreline trajectories and shelf-edge trajectories. The formation of basin-floor fans has close relation with shelf-edge trajectories, and multiple case studies have confirmed that large-scale basin floor fan usually form under flat or descending shelf-edge trajectories. As research advances, trajectory analysis theory, which developed in continental margins, is believed to have been influenced by multiple factors. Thus, the accurate prediction of sandstone reservoirs requires the comprehensive consideration of the influence of sediment supply, accommodation spaces, past climate and so on. In addition, the problems and extensions of trajectory analysis were also introduced, including ①the along-strike lateral differential evolution; ② trajectory analysis theory in hydrological-closed sedimentary basins; ③the application of trajectory analysis in carbonate settings. As a developing theory, the terminology of trajectory analysis still needs standardization, and the coupling between shelf-edge trajectories and the development and distribution of deep-water sandstones also needs further understanding. The next research focus could be placed on interpreting the evolution of three-dimensional sedimentary systems, and the extension of shelf-edge trajectory theory to hydrologically-closed basin and carbonate sedimentary environments. The research methods of trajectory analysis should also follow the newest trends to allow researchers to better study the evolution of shelf-edge trajectories, for instance, integrating high-resolution seismic data and logging data, core samples, outcrops and high-resolution dating techniques to describe ancient sedimentary environment and geomorphology, combining satellite imaging, ground penetrating radar to portray the modern morphology of continental margins, and utilizing remote sensing to construct more precise three-dimensional models for outcrops.  相似文献