排序方式： 共有105条查询结果，搜索用时 515 毫秒
91.
92.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)家系选育 F2 早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评估大菱鲆选育F2的早期育种效果,采用3种方法,即,Ⅰ:比较F2选择系和对照系的最小二乘均值,Ⅱ:比较连续2代(F1和F2)选择系目标性状间的育种值,Ⅲ:比较F2选择系和对照系的育种值,估测了6月龄大菱鲆体重的选择反应,并进而分析了现实遗传力和遗传增益。结果表明,3种方法的选择反应估测值存在一定差异,其相应估测的现实遗传力和遗传增益也不相同;3种方法估测选择反应、现实遗传力和遗传获得的均值分别为3.1983±0.5880、0.2941±0.0531和8.70±1.60,显示出足够大的早期选择反应、中等的现实遗传力和较低的遗传获得,预示利用家系选育对大菱鲆进行遗传改良能够取得良好的育种成效,同时,这些群体还有很大的遗传改良潜力。 相似文献
93.
The concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) is high in some groundwater supplies used in turbot culture,and the toxicity of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) is unknown.We investigated the stress responses of juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,exposed to Fe(Ⅱ) of different concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,and 2 mg/L) for 1,7,14,and 28 d,under the same ambient conditions of other parameters.Changes in respiratory rate,hematological parameters,and gill structure were determined.The results show that waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) did not cause severe hematological perturbation to turbot.A low-medium Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (lower than 0.1 mg/L) could boost the respiratory rate,and caused no or very limited damage to fish.A high Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (0.1 mg/L or higher),however,caused gill damage,such as vacuoles in branchial lamellae,epithelial necrosis,and hypertrophy of epithelial cells,and even death after extended exposure time.Therefore,excess waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) and long-term exposure to Fe(Ⅱ) could be responsible for poor growth and high mortality of turbot in culture.The concentration of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) in turbot culture should be kept below 0.1 mg/L. 相似文献
94.
95.
利用人工授精技术,通过不完全双列杂交交配设计,以大菱鲆2个配套选育系进行双列杂交产生的数据为分析对象,利用统计学和数量遗传学方法对体质量和存活性状进行了一般配合力和特殊配合力测定以及杂交优势分析。结果表明,综合分析50个杂交组合在不同月龄的特殊配合力和亲本的一般配合力以及杂种优势率发现,FG1♀×HS1♂组合为最佳杂交组合。在6月龄、9月龄、12月龄和15月龄,FG1♀×HS1♂组合的体重分别为49.4010g、162.8510g、311.0716g和619.8467g,比相应发育阶段的普通商品苗种依次提高了31.36%、44.46%、50.55%和69.06%;在3—6、6—9、9—12和12—15月龄,FG1♀×HS1♂组合的成活率分别为96.4%、98.9%、99.2%和99.0%,比相应发育阶段的普通商品苗种分别提高了37.62%、27.55%、11.45%和6.35%,显示出良好的生长性能。最佳系间杂交组合FG1♀×HS1♂的确定,为选育出优质、高产的大菱鲆新品种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
96.
大菱鲆精子运动特征与精液pH的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)精液质量与pH的关系及甘油对大菱鲆精子激活的影响,本研究通过计算机辅助精子分析系统分析检测了威海和烟台4家大菱鲆育苗场(A、B、C、D)的精子质量。研究发现,不同育苗场的大菱鲆精子活力存在显著的差异,A2A1DCB,精子预测寿命分别为11.7、7.1、6.8、4.6、3.3 min,所取精子的质量的存在显著差异。研究结果发现,大菱鲆精子运动特性与精子活化率相关性显著,其中精子活化率与平均曲线运动速度、平均直线运动速度、平均路径速度、精子头侧摆幅度、精子平均鞭打频率呈显著正相关(P0.05),与运动直线性、运动摆动性、运动前向性等参数无显著相关性;大菱鲆精子运动特性受pH影响显著,精液pH与平均曲线运动速度、平均直线运动速度、平均路径速度、精子头侧摆幅度、精子平均鞭打频率呈显著正相关(P0.05),而与运动直线性、运动摆动性、运动前向性等参数无显著相关性。同时还发现,精子活化率高、寿命长的大菱鲆精液pH偏弱碱性(pH=8.0),即大菱鲆精子适宜在弱碱性环境中活动。除此之外,向激活海水中加入梯度甘油(0.1、1、10、100、500、1 000 mmol/L),发现可以显著提高大菱鲆精子寿命,其中甘油浓度为100 mmol/L时,精子寿命延长至15.17 min±0.29 min,推测甘油在精子激活后可能被精子吸收并氧化分解提供能量。 相似文献
97.
胃质子泵(H+/K+ATPase)是胃酸分泌的关键酶。本试验采用RACE和PCR方法从大菱鲆的胃组织中提取RNA克隆得到了H+/K+ATPaseα亚基cDNA全长序列。结果表明:大菱鲆H+/K+ATPaseα亚基序列全长3467 bp,开放阅读框为2964 bp,编码988个氨基酸。与GenBank上其它物种比对发现,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPaseα亚基与斑鳜同源性最高,为89%。进化树分析发现,H+/K+ATPase在进化上具有物种特异性。经RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR检测,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase在胚胎孵化后22d开始表达,晚于大菱鲆胃腺出现的时间(16 d),说明大菱鲆胃腺的发育完成并不代表胃功能的完善。另外,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase除了在胃中大量表达之外,在食道中的表达量也很高。结合组织学观察,作者认为,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase在食道中大量表达是因为在发育上食道是胃的前体,因此保留了分泌H+/K+ATPase的能力。同时通过整体原位杂交试验表明:大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase会首先在食道的末端和胃的贲门处表达。本研究为进一步了解海水鱼类的消化机制提供了理论基础。 相似文献
98.
采用FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats)法和标记初步筛选法, 进行了大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)微卫星标记开发的研究, 分析了大菱鲆基因组中微卫星DNA序列的特征, 并进行了拟作图标记的初步筛选。结果表明, FIASCO法的富集效率为78.56%, 二次筛选出655个阳性克隆, 测序后经分析有469条含有微卫星位点的单一序列, 共得到597个微卫星位点。其中完美型占51.76%, 非完美型占34.67%, 复合型占13.57%; 核心序列的重复次数在3—96次之间, 平均重复数为13.39次; 重复单元类别最多的是(CA/GT)n, 占77.6%。利用Primer Premier 5.0共设计413对引物, 其中有360对能够得到稳定表达的产物; 再经标记初筛试验得知, 183对引物(50.8%)的PCR产物有多态性, 其中110个微卫星位点(30.6%)符合遗传连锁图谱作图标准。 相似文献
99.
To identify the pathogen that causes scuticociliatosis in farmed-raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus , we isolated a ciliate from the brain tissue of an infected turbot and identifi ed it as Uronema marinum based on morphological and molecular evidence. We then infected the turbots in artifi cial laboratory settings with pure cultured U . marinum . The infected turbots showed syndromes similar to those observed in naturally infected ones. Furthermore, microscopic examination and PCR detection confi rmed the presence of the ciliate in the tissues of those laboratory-infected turbots. To our best knowledge, this is the fi rst report of scuticociliatosis caused by U . marinum in farm-raised turbot S . maximus in China. 相似文献
100.
WANG Xin′an MA Aijun HUANG Zhihui SUN Zhibin CUI Wenxiao QU Jiangbo YU Hong 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(5):1736-1745
An abnormally high temperature produces a stress response in turbot causing large economic losses in the turbot aquaculture industry of China. A genetic improvement of the upper thermal tolerance (UTT) of turbot could allow cultured fi sh to adapt. A genetic evaluation of UTT is required for determining the practicability of including this trait into a breeding program. In this study, data were recorded from a temperature tolerance test conducted on 3 200 individual turbots from 32 full-sib groups. A cross-sectional linear model and a cross-sectional threshold probit model were used to analyze the test-period survival and a cross-sectional threshold logit model was used to analyze the test-day survival. In addition, phenotypic and genetic correlations between body weight and survival data were estimated. The estimated heritability values obtained from the cross-sectional linear model (CSL), the cross-sectional threshold (probit) model (THRp), and the cross-sectional threshold (logit) model (THRl) were 0.247 9±0.108 3, 0.288 3±0.161 2, and 0.106 9±0.045 2, respectively. The correlation coeffi cients among the full-sib family estimated breeding values (EBVs) obtained from the three models were greater than 0.998 6 and all models produced an almost identical family ranking. The accuracies of selection obtained with the CSL, THRp, and THRl model were 0.773 8, 0.775 4, and 0.784 4, respectively, the greatest from the THRl model. The genetic correlations between body weight and survival data EBVs from the CSL, THRp, and THRl models were 0.020 1,-6.201 1×10^-4 , and -3.115 4×10^-4 , respectively, and the phenotypic correlations between the two traits were -0.837 1 and -0.667 1, respectively. The findings of this study provide background information to determine the best strategy of selection for the genetic improvement of UTT in turbot. 相似文献