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1.
为评估牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)人工选育的育种效果,以2007年经过家系选育的具有优良生长性状的第一代个体为亲本,依据巢式交配设计,构建了第二代10个半同胞家系和20个全同胞家系.在养殖4个月后进行生长性状的测定,对比测试结果表明,选育第二代群体的平均体质量比未经选育的对照提高2.91g,遗传增益为11.25％,显著高于未经选育的群体(p＜0.05);选育群体平均全长较未选育的对照提高1.33 cm,遗传增益为10.36％,极显著高于未经选育的群体(p＜0.01),表明第一代对生长性状的选育达到良好的效果.选育第二代的体重、全长和体高的遗传力为分别为0.656～0.731,0.481～0.742,0.480～0.651,均属于高等遗传力,显示牙鲆选择育种仍旧可以取得较快的遗传进展,具有较大的选择潜力. 相似文献
2.
以2代选育群体为亲本、采用巢式设计构建21个施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)全同胞家系,利用混合线性模型对30日龄和80日龄施氏獭蛤生长性状进行遗传参数和育种值估计。结果显示:施氏獭蛤早期发育过程中壳长生长速度较壳高快,性状间遗传相关系数范围为0.96～0.98,表型相关系数范围为0.77～0.96,均呈正相关,80日龄施氏獭蛤壳长、壳高与体质量间表型相关系数较高;30日龄的壳长和壳高性状遗传力分别为0.31±0.02和0.25±0.01,80日龄的壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量性状的遗传力分别为:0.35±0.27、0.27±0.20、0.06±0.04和0.25±0.19,壳宽性状遗传力为低遗传力,其余性状遗传力均属中等遗传力;不同性状个体育种值的前10家系相同率为70%～90%,基于育种值选择比基于表型值选择效率提高13%～30%(10%留种率)。研究表明:施氏獭蛤早期对体质量性状进行选择时可参考壳长、壳高性状,早期利用壳长、壳高和体质量性状进行选择时遗传进度高,利用个体育种值进行选择具有更高的优势。研究结果将为施氏獭蛤生长性状选择育种提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)多嵴和无嵴品系子二代生长性状的选择效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了进一步检查熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)多嵴品系及无嵴品系的连续选择反应能力,以两个品系子一代上选组为材料,以壳高为指标,按照10%选择强度,开展了两个品系子二代混合上选研究,评估了两个品系子二代选择反应、现实遗传力,计算了两个品系的遗传改进量。结果表明:两个品系仍具有较高的现实遗传力,多嵴品系遗传参数均大于无嵴品系,表现出较好的遗传改良效果。多嵴和无嵴品系幼虫期的选择反应分别为0.47、0.34,稚贝期为0.65、0.40,养成期为0.82、0.56;幼虫期的现实遗传力分别为0.27、0.19,稚贝期为0.37、0.23,养成期为0.47、0.32;幼虫期的遗传改进量分别为4.83%、3.61%,稚贝期为7.55%、5.76%,养成期为9.95%、6.47%。经过一周年的养成,多嵴品系壳高显著大于无嵴品系,两个品系现实遗传力分别为0.50、0.35,遗传改进量分别为10.13%、6.61%。由此可见,多嵴品系具有较快的生长速度,遗传改良潜力较大。本研究为熊本牡蛎遗传改良和新品系培育奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
4.
本实验采用40个家系共计954尾大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验材料,应用一般动物模型评估4月龄大菱鲆的耐氨氮性状、体长、体重的遗传力和遗传相关。研究表明,4月龄大菱鲆耐氨氮性状遗传力为0.46±0.20,属于高遗传力,其估计值与0相比达到显著水平(P0.05),具备开展基于表型性状的耐氨氮选育潜力。体长遗传力为0.14±0.22,属于低遗传力;体重遗传力为0.29±0.30,属于中等遗传力;体长和体重遗传力估计值与0相比均未达到显著水平。4月龄大菱鲆耐氨氮性状、体长、体重的相关性分析表明,大菱鲆的耐氨氮性状与体长的遗传相关和表型相关分别为-0.06±0.59和-0.10±0.06;耐氨氮性状与体重的遗传相关和表型相关分别为-0.02±0.48和-0.06±0.06;耐氨氮性状与体长和体重两个性状的相关性非常低,且统计检验均不显著。研究结果表明,以耐氨氮性状为选育指标,不会对大菱鲆的体长和体重产生显著影响。该研究为大菱鲆耐氨氮品种选育提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
5.
菲律宾蛤仔不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应及现实遗传力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对菲律宾蛤仔中的斑马蛤、黑斑马、白斑马三品系进行混合选择,测量了各实验组的壳长,计算了不同品系斑马蛤的选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明:3个品系的上选组壳长均大于对照组,说明单向上选是行之有效的遗传改良方法。在不同的生长发育阶段,斑马蛤品系的选择反应(R)和现实遗传力(2Rh)出现阶段性变化,从平均水平上看,R在幼虫期为0.688±0.184,稚贝期为0.605±0.214,养成期为0.670±0.120;2Rh在幼虫期为0.392±0.081,稚贝期为0.344±088,养成期为0.380±0.058。从一周年的生长情况来看,三个品系总的R为0.654±0.179,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的R分别为0.655±0.155、0.525±0.116、0.782±0.170;三个品系总的2Rh为0.373±0.070,斑马蛤、黑斑马蛤和白斑马蛤品系的2Rh分别为0.372±0.042、0.300±0.028、0.445±0.031。不同品系间R和2Rh次序为白斑马斑马蛤黑斑马,说明各斑马蛤品系的选择效果是不同的,品系间存在着一定程度的遗传差异。 相似文献
6.
本研究估计了大菱鲆收获体重性状的遗传参数和选育遗传进展。数据共包括3个世代（G0，G1，G2）的508个全同胞家系10952尾个体。G0，G1，G2的体重估计遗传力分别为0.11±0.08，0.18±0.09，0.17±0.07；世代间估计遗传力为0.19±0.04。每一世代母本和共同环境效应分别为0.10±0.04，0.14±0.04，0.13±0.03；世代间为0.12±0.01。G0和G1世代选择差分别为,18.24g和21.19g。对应的G1和G2世代的遗传进展为22.06g，11.93g；百分比表示分别为6.36%，3.52%。连续两代选择之后总遗传进展为10.10%。以上结果说明针对大菱鲆体重性状的选育项目是成功的。 相似文献
7.
选择来自75个家系的6000尾凡纳滨对虾个体进行为期96h的耐低溶氧试验,测定其生长性状和耐低溶氧性状。利用线性动物模型估计了凡纳滨对虾收获时期生长和耐低溶氧性状的方差组分和遗传参数。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾收获体长和收获体质量的遗传力分别为0.35±0.11和0.48±0.15,表现为中高遗传力水平,且统计检验显著(P0.05)。收获体长和收获体质量间的表型相关和遗传相关分别为0.89和0.95,表现为高度线性正相关(P0.05)。凡纳滨对虾耐低溶氧性状的遗传力为0.07±0.03,表现为低遗传力水平。生长性状(收获体长和收获体质量)和耐低溶氧性状间的表型相关和遗传相关分别为0.14—0.18和0.11—0.13,表现为低度线性正相关,但统计检验不显著(P0.05)。耐低溶氧性状的选择反应和遗传获得的估计值较低,分别为0.02±0.02和4.87%。体长的选择反应和遗传获得分别为0.65±0.18和7.22%;体质量的选择反应和遗传获得分别为1.13±0.31和11.07%,表明第一代对生长性状的选育达到了良好的效果。 相似文献
8.
《海洋与湖沼》2016,(5)
为准确评估凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性状的育种值,构建了4种单性状动物模型,并采用似然比和AIC值对不同模型进行比较分析并选出最优模型,应用最佳线性无偏预测法(BLUP法)对凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段体重的遗传参数和育种值进行估计。综合分析得出模型AFD为最优模型,其在60、105和150日龄的遗传力估计值分别为0.39±0.07、0.25±0.04和0.22±0.05,可见以体重对凡纳滨对虾进行选择育种具有较大的潜力,下一代可获得较大的遗传进展。对不同生长阶段体重性状进行育种值选择和表型值选择的比较,两种选择方法选取前10%个个体的育种值平均值分别为3.19、9.95、13.07g和2.55、7.36、11.50g,前者比后者分别高出约20.06%、26.03%、12.01%,表明在每一生长阶段依据育种值选择比表型值选择更具优势。还对不同生长阶段的家系及亲本进行选择比较,结果表明,家系与亲本育种值相关性的变化趋势均为生长期越长,相关性越高,推测对家系及亲本进行提前筛选的时期至少在105日龄以上。 相似文献
9.
采集凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)7个不同遗传背景的亲本群体,采用群体自繁或杂交方法获得11个凡纳滨对虾选育群体,分别对标准化养殖270日龄(留种阶段)后的不同群体和不同性别个体生长性能差异进行比较分析,根据Kung育种值及综合评定值评估筛选亲本群体,并对体质量性状进行选择效果预估。结果表明,11个群体270日龄体长和体质量均值分别为13.52cm和31.05g,各群体间体长和体质量性状差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);体重与体长回归关系达到极显著水平(P0.01),回归系数为0.903;分别对各交配组合雌雄群体体长体质量均值进行t-检验分析,差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);根据各群体的综合评定值大小将所有群体评定为优、良及一般3个等级,其中作为父本时优等级群体为GH♀×GH♂、ZX♀×ZX♂,而作为母本时优等级群体为GH♀×GH♂和SS♀×SS♂;进一步预估凡纳滨对虾选育G1代的综合选择反应为1.927g。本研究可为下一阶段凡纳滨对虾家系选育基础群体的构建提供生长性能资料,加快凡纳滨对虾的遗传改良进程。 相似文献
10.
以4种不同地理群体大菱鲆为亲本，采用巢式设计方法和人工采卵授精技术，按照1雄配2雌的原则，构建了28个父系半同胞家系和56个母系全同胞家系，分别测定了每个母系生长到6月龄的全同胞个体60个后代的体长、全长、体高、体重，应用数量遗传学原理，利用全同胞资料，采用方差、协方差分析的方法，研究了大菱鲆6月龄生长性状的遗传力及性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。对性状遗传力研究结果表明，雌性遗传方差组分均大于雄性遗传方差组分，雌性遗传方差组分存在显著的母性效应。基于父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是大菱鲆体长、全长、体高、体重遗传力的无偏估计值，估计的遗传力准确可靠，估计值分别为0．282、0．251、0．283、0．450，为中高等遗传力，显示对大菱鲆生长性状进行选择育种具有很大的潜力。对性状间相关性分析结果表明，依据父系半同胞遗传协方差组分和表型协方差分别估计体长．全长、体长一体高、体长．体重、全长。体高、全长一体重、体高一体重间的遗传相关和表型相关，遗传相关在0．888-0．985，表型相关在0．864—0．957，各性状间遗传相关和表型相关经t检验均达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
11.
The objectives of this present research were to assess the heritability of growth traits under low temperature conditions in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.), and to analyze the correlation between body weight(BW) and body length(BL). There were 536 individuals from 25 full- and half-sib families involved in this study. During the entire 90-day period, which was initiated at 233 dph(day old) and ended at 323 dph, the individuals' BW and BL were weighed consecutively six times every 18 days. The heritability of BW and BL and the correlation between these two traits were estimated based on an individual animal model with the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood(DFREML) method. These results showed that the specific growth rates(SGR) of 25 families was from 0.75±0.11 to 1.05±0.14 under water temperature of 10.5–12°C. In addition, the heritability of BW and BL estimated under low-temperature were 0.32±0.04 and 0.47±0.06, respectively. The BW had a medium heritability(0.2–0.4), and the BL had a high heritability(0.45), which suggested that selection for increased weight and length was feasible. Moreover, there was potential for mass selection on growth. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between BW and BL were 0.95±0.01 and 0.91±0.01(P 0.01), respectively. A significant correlation between BW and BL showed that BL could be instead of BW for indirect selection, which could be effectively implemented in the breeding program. 相似文献
12.
An introduced turbot population was used to establish families and to estimate genetic parameters of the offspring. However, there is a lack of pedigree information, and common environmental effects can be introduced when each full-sib family is raised in a single tank. Therefore, in the genetic evaluation, SSRs(simple sequence repeats) were used to reconstruct the pedigree and to calculate molecular relatedness between individuals, and the early mixed-family culture model was used to remove the impact of the common environmental effects. After100 d of early mixed culture, twenty SSRs were used to cluster 20 families and to calculate paired molecular relationships(n=880). Additive genetic matrices were constructed using molecular relatedness(MR) and pedigree reconstruction(PR) and were then applied to the same animal model to estimate genetic parameters. Based on PR, the heritabilities for body weight and body length were 0.214±0.124 and 0.117±0.141, and based on MR they were 0.101±0.031 and 0.102±0.034, respectively. Cross validation showed that the accuracies of the estimated breeding values based on MR(body weight and body length of 0.717±0.045 and 0.629±0.141, respectively) were higher than those of PR(body weight and body length of 0.692±0.052 and 0.615±0.060, respectively). The MR method ensure availability of all genotyped selection candidates, thereby improving the accuracy of the breeding value estimation. 相似文献
13.
Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Tianshi KONG Jie LIU Baosuo WANG Qingyin CAO Baoxiang LUAN Sheng WANG Weiji 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(8):106-110
Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding. 相似文献
14.
利用限制性最大似然方法和贝叶斯方法估计大菱鲆生长性状的遗传参数。 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bayesian and restricted maximum likelihood(REML) approaches were used to estimate the genetic parameters in a cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus stock. The data set consisted of harvest body weight from 2 462progenies(17 months old) from 28 families that were produced through artificial insemination using 39 parent fish. An animal model was applied to partition each weight value into a fixed effect, an additive genetic effect, and a residual effect. The average body weight of each family, which was measured at 110 days post-hatching, was considered as a covariate. For Bayesian analysis, heritability and breeding values were estimated using both the posterior mean and mode from the joint posterior conditional distribution. The results revealed that for additive genetic variance, the posterior mean estimate( δ_a~2=9 320) was highest but with the smallest residual variance,REML estimates( δ_a~2=8 088) came second and the posterior mode estimate( δ_a~2=7 849) was lowest. The corresponding three heritability estimates followed the same trend as additive genetic variance and they were all high. The Pearson correlations between each pair of the three estimates of breeding values were all high,particularly that between the posterior mean and REML estimates(0.996 9). These results reveal that the differences between Bayesian and REML methods in terms of estimation of heritability and breeding values were small. This study provides another feasible method of genetic parameter estimation in selective breeding programs of turbot. 相似文献
15.
An analysis of a selection experiment was used to assess the impact of various animal model structures on REML estimates of variance components.The analyses were carried out based on 162 d body mass (BM) of 1 287 animals from 21 paternal half-sib groups of Fenneropenaeus chinensis.Estimated breeding values (EBV) of BM of all individuals were estimated using eight statistical models (A,AB,ABC,ABDC,ABMFC,ABMDC,ABFDC and ABMFDC) and BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction).These models were designed involving factors such as sex,spawn date as fixed effects,maternal genetic effects,full-sib family effects as random effects,mean BM of families at tagging and age at recording (covariate).The results demonstrate the importance of correct interpretation of effects in the data set,particularly those that can influence resemblance between relatives.The data structure and the particular model that was applied markedly influenced the magnitude of variance component estimates.Models based on few effects obtained upward biased estimates of additive genetic variance.The accuracy of genetic parameters and breeding value estimated by ABFDC model was higher than other models.The results imply that additive genetic direct value,full-sib family effects,and covariance effects besides sex and spawn date as fixed effects were very important for estimating genetic parameters and breeding value of body mass.This model had a heritability estimate of 162 d BM of 0.44.The comparison of the efficiency of selection based on breeding values or phenotypic value revealed great difference:average breeding value of the best 24 families selected by the 162 d BM breeding value and phenotype were 0.577 g and 0.366 g,respectively,representing a 36.57% higher efficiency in the former.In conclusion,selection based on breeding value was more effective than selection based on phenotypic value.Our results indicate that effects influencing the magnitude of estimates should be taken into account when estimating heritability and breeding values for BM. 相似文献
16.
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding. 相似文献