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1.
In order to carry out the genetic improvement of turbot upper thermal tolerance, it is necessary to estimate the genetic parameters of UTT(upper thermal tolerance) and growth-related traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for BW(body weight) and UTT in a two-generational turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) pedigree derived from four imported turbot stocks(England, France, Denmark and Norway). A total of 42 families including 20 families from G1 generation and 22 families from G2 generation were used to test upper thermal tolerance(40–50 animals per family) in this study and the body weight of individuals were measured. The heritability of BW and UTT and the correlation between these two traits were estimated based on an individual animal model using Bayesian method based on two types of animal models with and without maternal effects.These results showed that the heritabilities for BW and UTT and phenotypic and genetic correlations between the two traits estimated from model without maternal effects were 0.239±0.141, 0.111±0.080, 0.075±0.026 and–0.019±0.011, respectively. The corresponding values from model with maternal effects were 0.203±0.115,0.055±0.026, 0.047±0.034 and –0.024±0.028, respectively. The maternal effects of BW and UTT were 0.050±0.017 and 0.013±0.004, respectively. The maternal effects had a certain influence on the genetic evaluation of the two traits. The findings of this paper provided the necessary background to determine the best selection strategy to be adopted in the genetic improvement program.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding.  相似文献   

3.
The inability of Fenneropenaeus chinensis to tolerate low temperatures is of major economic concern in temperate climates,as it reduces their growing season and leads to over-winter mortality.In this study,the heritability of body weight under low grow-out temperature and cold tolerance in F.chinensis were first investigated and estimated using 88 ful-sib families,which might provide crucial information in Chinese fleshy prawn breeding programs.The heritability for body weight under suitable and low temperature of F.chinensis were both moderate(0.158 0±0.307 5 and 0.132 0±0.026 9 respectively);the large coefficient of variation(approximately 21%) and moderate estimate of heritability for body weight indicated substantial potential for selective breeding.The heritability estimate for cold tolerance was low(0.019 2±0.023 5),and showed no significant differences from zero(P0.05).A weak genetic correlation between cold tolerance and body weight was also estimated in the present study,also showing no significant differences from zero(P0.05).Thus,more research needs to be conducted on the more accurate heritability estimate of cold tolerance and genetic correlations between traits in F.chinensis to further improve the achievement of breeding goals.  相似文献   

4.
Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.  相似文献   

5.
Genetic parameters and response to selection were estimated for harvest body weight in turbot. The data consisted of 10 952 individuals of 508 full-sib families from three generations(G0, G1, and G2). The heritability estimates for G0, G1, and G2 were 0.11±0.08, 0.18±0.09, and 0.17±0.07, respectively. Over three generations, the heritability estimate was 0.19±0.04. Maternal and common environmental effects were 0.10±0.04, 0.14±0.04, and0.13±0.03 within each generation and 0.12±0.01 across generations. The selection differential in growth was 18.24 g in G0 and 21.19 g in G1 corresponding to an average of 19.72 g per generation. The genetic gains were also calculated, they were 22.06 g in G1 and 11.93 g in G2, corresponding to 6.36% and 3.52% body weight. The total genetic gain after two generations was 10.10% body weight, which indicated that the selective breeding program for the body weight trait in turbot was successful.  相似文献   

6.
The precise and accurate knowledge of genetic parameters is a prerequisite for making efficient selection strategies in breeding programs.A number of estimators of heritability about important economic traits in many marine mollusks are available in the literature,however very few research have evaluated about the accuracy of genetic parameters estimated with different family structures.Thus,in the present study,the effect of parent sample size for estimating the precision of genetic parameters of four growth traits in clam M.meretrix by factorial designs were analyzed through restricted maximum likelihood(REML) and Bayesian.The results showed that the average estimated heritabilities of growth traits obtained from REML were 0.23–0.32 for 9 and 16 full-sib families and 0.19–0.22 for 25 full-sib families.When using Bayesian inference,the average estimated heritabilities were0.11–0.12 for 9 and 16 full-sib families and 0.13–0.16 for 25 full-sib families.Compared with REML,Bayesian got lower heritabilities,but still remained at a medium level.When the number of parents increased from 6 to 10,the estimated heritabilities were more closed to 0.20 in REML and 0.12 in Bayesian inference.Genetic correlations among traits were positive and high and had no significant difference between different sizes of designs.The accuracies of estimated breeding values from the 9 and 16 families were less precise than those from 25 families.Our results provide a basic genetic evaluation for growth traits and should be useful for the design and operation of a practical selective breeding program in the clam M.meretrix.  相似文献   

7.
A 3×3 complete diallel cross comprising three families of the clam Meretrix meretrix(P1, P2 and P3) was used to determine the combining ability of parental families and heterosis of F1 under indoor and openair environments for growth traits. Analysis of variance for shell length and whole body weight indicated highly significant cross effects, environment effects and the interaction of cross by environment. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combing ability exhibited great variation among crosses and between two environments. Pooled over environments, P2 was the top combiner among the three parental families for both traits studied. The cross of P1 and P3 had the highest SCA. Additionally, significant reciprocal effects were observed. For individual environment, about half of the crossbred combinations showed favorable Mid-parent heterosis(MPH)(1%) for the shell length and whole body weight. Our data has shown that non-additive genetic and reciprocal effects constituted the major sources of genetic variation for both shell length and whole body weight, which indicates that crossbreeding among selective families could further explore the heterotic effects.  相似文献   

8.
Bayesian and restricted maximum likelihood(REML) approaches were used to estimate the genetic parameters in a cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus stock. The data set consisted of harvest body weight from 2 462progenies(17 months old) from 28 families that were produced through artificial insemination using 39 parent fish. An animal model was applied to partition each weight value into a fixed effect, an additive genetic effect, and a residual effect. The average body weight of each family, which was measured at 110 days post-hatching, was considered as a covariate. For Bayesian analysis, heritability and breeding values were estimated using both the posterior mean and mode from the joint posterior conditional distribution. The results revealed that for additive genetic variance, the posterior mean estimate( δ_a~2=9 320) was highest but with the smallest residual variance,REML estimates( δ_a~2=8 088) came second and the posterior mode estimate( δ_a~2=7 849) was lowest. The corresponding three heritability estimates followed the same trend as additive genetic variance and they were all high. The Pearson correlations between each pair of the three estimates of breeding values were all high,particularly that between the posterior mean and REML estimates(0.996 9). These results reveal that the differences between Bayesian and REML methods in terms of estimation of heritability and breeding values were small. This study provides another feasible method of genetic parameter estimation in selective breeding programs of turbot.  相似文献   

9.
Heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for juvenile growth traits of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino.The estimates were calculated from shell length and shell width measurements on progeny resulting from 12 half-sib families and 36 full-sib families obtained using artificial fertilization of mating three females to each male.The measurements were taken at 10,20 and 30 d after fertilization.It was found that heritability estimates based on sire component ranged from 0.23 to 0.36 for shell length and 0.21 to 0.32 for shell width.Heritability estimates from dam component were larger than those from sire component at three ages,indicating presence of maternal effects,non-additive genetic effects and common environmental effects.Phenotypic correlations were significant at three ages(P < 0.05),with values of 0.92,0.93 and 0.92,respectively.Genetic correlations from the paternal half-sib correlation analysis were highly positive at three ages,with values of 0.50,0.78 and 0.81,respectively.The results suggest that selective breeding is an effective approach to improving growth traits of Pacific abalone stocks.  相似文献   

10.
The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related traits, body weight (BW) and body length (BL), were examined at average 2, 3 and 8 months of age respectively, with 1 800 individuals measured in each age group (30 per family). Based on the additive-dominance-maternal-effect genetic analysis model, the restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate various (co)variance components. The results showed that narrow-sense heritability estimates of BW and BL were respectively:0.29±0.01 and 0.22±0.02 at 2 months of age, 0.32±0.02 and 0.30±0.04 at 3 months of age, 0.48±0.04 and 0.40±0.05 at 8 months of age; broad-sense heritability estimates were respectively:0.44±0.02 and 0.54±0.04 at 2 months of age, 0.35±0.01 and 0.36±0.03 at 3 months of age, 0.49±0.03 and 0.45±0.04. All heritabilities were statistically significant (P <0.05). Additive genetic correlations between BW and BL at 2, 3 and 8 months of age were consistently positive and highly significant (P <0.01):0.93±0.02, 0.95±0.03 and 0.92±0.03 respectively. Maternal effect was significant (P <0.05) only at 2 months of age, and was not detected at 3 and 8 months of age. According to the heritability estimates, the mass selection strategy should be efficient for the breeding of Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

11.
以2代选育群体为亲本、采用巢式设计构建21个施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)全同胞家系,利用混合线性模型对30日龄和80日龄施氏獭蛤生长性状进行遗传参数和育种值估计。结果显示:施氏獭蛤早期发育过程中壳长生长速度较壳高快,性状间遗传相关系数范围为0.96～0.98,表型相关系数范围为0.77～0.96,均呈正相关,80日龄施氏獭蛤壳长、壳高与体质量间表型相关系数较高;30日龄的壳长和壳高性状遗传力分别为0.31±0.02和0.25±0.01,80日龄的壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量性状的遗传力分别为:0.35±0.27、0.27±0.20、0.06±0.04和0.25±0.19,壳宽性状遗传力为低遗传力,其余性状遗传力均属中等遗传力;不同性状个体育种值的前10家系相同率为70%～90%,基于育种值选择比基于表型值选择效率提高13%～30%(10%留种率)。研究表明:施氏獭蛤早期对体质量性状进行选择时可参考壳长、壳高性状,早期利用壳长、壳高和体质量性状进行选择时遗传进度高,利用个体育种值进行选择具有更高的优势。研究结果将为施氏獭蛤生长性状选择育种提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of the growth performance of Takifugu rubripes. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for body weight (BW), body length (BL), total length (TL), chest measurement (CM) and trunk length (TKL) of T. rubripes from measurements of progeny at 6 months and 12 months. The results showed that the heritability was 0.37 for BW6, 0.19 for BL6, 0.35 for TL6, 0.29 for CM6, 0.26 for TKL6, 0.36 for BW12, 0.26 for BL12, 0.25 for TL12, 0.31 for CM12 and 0.15 for TKL12. The range of genetic correlations estimated at 6 months was 0.025–0.725 and ?0.002–0.706 at 12 months. The results indicated that genetic improvement for faster growth rate or increased body weight in cultured T. rubripes was effective. Based on selection theory, the selection strategy for traits with medium heritability is flexible. Considering that these growth traits do not reach the high level of heritability, family selection should be expected. Given positive genetic correlations among BW, BL, TL, CM, and TKL at 6 months, the five traits could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding. As there was high genetic correlation only between BW12, BL12 and TL12, and negative correlations between TKL12 and BL12 as well as between CM12 and TL12, and only BW, BL and TL at 12 months could be improved simultaneously.  相似文献   

13.
采用人工控温的方式, 对构建的31个F1红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)全同胞家系开展低温胁迫实验, 获得耐低温性状低温累计存活时间(CDH), 基于混合线性模型分别开展耐低温性状和生长性状遗传参数评估,对每一性状是否需要考虑共同环境效应所构建的两种模型进行似然比检验。结果显示, 经似然比检验, 最终选用模型A和模型BF进行耐低温和生长性状遗传评估; 耐低温性状CDH遗传力为(0.27±0.08),属于中等遗传力; 体重BW遗传力为(0.36±0.13), 属于中等遗传力, 体长BL遗传力为(0.14±0.06), 属于低等遗传力, 经检验, 遗传力估计值均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。CDH和体重、体长的遗传相关分别为(-0.40±0.22)和(-0.44±0.24), 表型相关分别为(-0.09±0.06)和(-0.16± 0.05), 均为负相关; 体重和体长之间的遗传相关为(0.92±0.05), 表型相关为(0.80±0.02), 呈正相关且结果极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果表明, 红鳍东方鲀的耐低温性状和生长性状都具有较好的改良潜力, 考虑到两性状间存在负遗传相关, 在开展耐低温选育时, 对首先不同性状进行品系选育, 然后利用品系间杂交培育出耐高温、生长快的新品种。该项研究首次完成了红鳍东方鲀耐低温性状的遗传参数评估, 为制订红鳍东方鲀耐低温选育育种规划提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

14.
为了开展大菱鲆耐高温选育工作，对其进行耐高温性状及其相关生长性状的遗传评估是非常必要的。以来源于英国、法国、丹麦和挪威4个国家的不同群体构建大菱鲆选育家系，利用F1的20个和F2的22个耐高温选育家系进行耐高温实验，统计耐高温评估指标（UTT）和相应的实验鱼体重（每个家系选取40-50尾实验鱼）。基于Gibbs抽样的贝叶斯方法，采用包含母性效应和不包含母性效应的两种动物模型，对大菱鲆耐高温（UTT）和生长性状的遗传力以及这两个性状间的遗传相关和表型相关进行分析。结果表明，基于不包含母性效应的动物模型估计的体重和耐高温性状的遗传力以及这两个性状之间的表型相关和遗传相关分别为0.239±0.141,0.111±0.080,0.075±0.026和-0.019±0.011。基于包含母性效应的动物模型估计的这4个值分别为0.203±0.115,0.055±0.026,0.047±0.034和-0.024±0.028,体重和耐高温性状的母性效应分别为0.050±0.017和0.013±0.004。母性效应对这两个性状的遗传评估有一定的影响。本文的研究结论为制订合理的大菱鲆耐高温育种规划提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
牙鲆是太平洋西岸海水养殖、捕捞和自然增殖的主要鱼类,但是人工养殖病害多、生长慢,针对这一问题,从2003年开始开展了牙鲆选择育种。本文利用筛选和培育的F1、F2代牙鲆家系核心群体,构建了F3代家系52个,在生长到196d时,对家系1 560尾鱼苗全长、体宽、体质量、全长日增量和体重日增量5个生长性状进行测量和计算,获得7 800个数据。采用"加性-显性"线性模型、最小范数二阶无偏估计法(MINQUE)对以上生长性状的边际平均值、加性方差分量、显性方差分量、随机方差分量、狭义遗传力、广义遗传力、亲本加性效应、杂交随机效应等遗传参数进行了评估。结果显示:1202、1206、1226和1211家系以上生长性状的边际平均值同时显著高于其他家系。以上5个生长性状的加性方差分量比率为(0.099±0.01)~(0.24±0.02),显性方差分量比率(0.30±0.02)~(0.31±0.02),随机方差分量比率(0.48±0.02)~(0.61±0.01),5个性状狭义遗传力0.099~0.24,广义遗传力0.38~0.54,以上遗传参数均达极显著性水平(P0.01)。综合比较18个亲本5个性状的加性效应预测值,发现F0917、F0908、F0905、F0915、F09125和KS(韩国牙鲆)亲本在5个性状上都具有极显著的正向效应(P0.01),其他亲本5个性状都不同程度的表现为显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)的负向加性效应。对42个杂交组合显性随机效应进行预测,D(2×6)、D(2×18)、D(3×4)、D(7×12)、D(7×14)和D(8×13)6个杂交组合在5个性状上都表现为极显著(P0.05)正效应,利用这些杂交组合建立家系将促进牙鲆以上5个性状的生长。本文研究结果,为牙鲆优良家系的建立及新品种的培育初步筛选出了性状优良的亲本、杂交组合和家系,同时为牙鲆进一步选择育种提供了理论和技术依据。  相似文献   

16.
采用多元分析方法定量研究了日本沼虾池养越冬抱卵亲虾体重(BW)、净重(NW)、体长(BL)、头胸甲长(CL)、胸宽(CW)、胸高(CH)、腹节长(AL)、额剑长(RL)、尾节长(TL)等11项表型性状对其个体繁殖力的影响效应。结果表明:(1)实验对象所测各表型性状间均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),它们在对个体繁殖力各评价指标的影响上具较好的区分度;(2)影响个体绝对繁殖力(FJ)、体重相对繁殖力(FW)和体长相对繁殖力(FL)的关键表型性状及其直接作用强弱排序分别为BW>BL>CH>RL>AL>NW,BW>CL>RL>CH>TL>NW和BW>CL>CH>RL>NW,相关指数依次为0.810、0.621和0.798,其中BW-NW组合和CH-RL组合分别为决定个体繁殖力的核心变量和公共从属变量;(3)适用于估算个体繁殖力的回归方程分别为:FJ=5087.802BW-6599.877NW+200.927CH+114.774RL+211.878BL-154.965AL-6266.840,FW=1140.538BW-2018.663NW+85.217CH+70.852RL+78.694CL+74.623TL-1152.576,FL=105.453BW-134.613NW+4.307CH+2.709RL+3.623CL-61.737;(4)W(♀)=0.029BL+0.065CL+0.121CW+0.105CH-2.448可精确估算其净重值。  相似文献   

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