共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
采用人工控温的方式, 对构建的31个F1红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)全同胞家系开展低温胁迫实验, 获得耐低温性状低温累计存活时间(CDH), 基于混合线性模型分别开展耐低温性状和生长性状遗传参数评估,对每一性状是否需要考虑共同环境效应所构建的两种模型进行似然比检验。结果显示, 经似然比检验, 最终选用模型A和模型BF进行耐低温和生长性状遗传评估; 耐低温性状CDH遗传力为(0.27±0.08),属于中等遗传力; 体重BW遗传力为(0.36±0.13), 属于中等遗传力, 体长BL遗传力为(0.14±0.06), 属于低等遗传力, 经检验, 遗传力估计值均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。CDH和体重、体长的遗传相关分别为(-0.40±0.22)和(-0.44±0.24), 表型相关分别为(-0.09±0.06)和(-0.16± 0.05), 均为负相关; 体重和体长之间的遗传相关为(0.92±0.05), 表型相关为(0.80±0.02), 呈正相关且结果极显著(P<0.01)。研究结果表明, 红鳍东方鲀的耐低温性状和生长性状都具有较好的改良潜力, 考虑到两性状间存在负遗传相关, 在开展耐低温选育时, 对首先不同性状进行品系选育, 然后利用品系间杂交培育出耐高温、生长快的新品种。该项研究首次完成了红鳍东方鲀耐低温性状的遗传参数评估, 为制订红鳍东方鲀耐低温选育育种规划提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
本实验采用40个家系共计954尾大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验材料,应用一般动物模型评估4月龄大菱鲆的耐氨氮性状、体长、体重的遗传力和遗传相关。研究表明,4月龄大菱鲆耐氨氮性状遗传力为0.46±0.20,属于高遗传力,其估计值与0相比达到显著水平(P0.05),具备开展基于表型性状的耐氨氮选育潜力。体长遗传力为0.14±0.22,属于低遗传力;体重遗传力为0.29±0.30,属于中等遗传力;体长和体重遗传力估计值与0相比均未达到显著水平。4月龄大菱鲆耐氨氮性状、体长、体重的相关性分析表明,大菱鲆的耐氨氮性状与体长的遗传相关和表型相关分别为-0.06±0.59和-0.10±0.06;耐氨氮性状与体重的遗传相关和表型相关分别为-0.02±0.48和-0.06±0.06;耐氨氮性状与体长和体重两个性状的相关性非常低,且统计检验均不显著。研究结果表明,以耐氨氮性状为选育指标,不会对大菱鲆的体长和体重产生显著影响。该研究为大菱鲆耐氨氮品种选育提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
3.
本研究估计了大菱鲆收获体重性状的遗传参数和选育遗传进展。数据共包括3个世代（G0，G1，G2）的508个全同胞家系10952尾个体。G0，G1，G2的体重估计遗传力分别为0.11±0.08，0.18±0.09，0.17±0.07；世代间估计遗传力为0.19±0.04。每一世代母本和共同环境效应分别为0.10±0.04，0.14±0.04，0.13±0.03；世代间为0.12±0.01。G0和G1世代选择差分别为,18.24g和21.19g。对应的G1和G2世代的遗传进展为22.06g，11.93g；百分比表示分别为6.36%，3.52%。连续两代选择之后总遗传进展为10.10%。以上结果说明针对大菱鲆体重性状的选育项目是成功的。 相似文献
4.
以4种不同地理群体大菱鲆为亲本，采用巢式设计方法和人工采卵授精技术，按照1雄配2雌的原则，构建了28个父系半同胞家系和56个母系全同胞家系，分别测定了每个母系生长到6月龄的全同胞个体60个后代的体长、全长、体高、体重，应用数量遗传学原理，利用全同胞资料，采用方差、协方差分析的方法，研究了大菱鲆6月龄生长性状的遗传力及性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。对性状遗传力研究结果表明，雌性遗传方差组分均大于雄性遗传方差组分，雌性遗传方差组分存在显著的母性效应。基于父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是大菱鲆体长、全长、体高、体重遗传力的无偏估计值，估计的遗传力准确可靠，估计值分别为0．282、0．251、0．283、0．450，为中高等遗传力，显示对大菱鲆生长性状进行选择育种具有很大的潜力。对性状间相关性分析结果表明，依据父系半同胞遗传协方差组分和表型协方差分别估计体长．全长、体长一体高、体长．体重、全长。体高、全长一体重、体高一体重间的遗传相关和表型相关，遗传相关在0．888-0．985，表型相关在0．864—0．957，各性状间遗传相关和表型相关经t检验均达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
5.
为准确评估凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性状的育种值,构建了4种单性状动物模型,并采用似然比和AIC值对不同模型进行比较分析并选出最优模型,应用最佳线性无偏预测法（BLUP法）对凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段体重的遗传参数和育种值进行估计。综合分析得出模型AFD为最优模型,其在60、105和150日龄的遗传力估计值分别为0.39±0.07、0.25±0.04和0.22±0.05,可见以体重对凡纳滨对虾进行选择育种具有较大的潜力,下一代可获得较大的遗传进展。对不同生长阶段体重性状进行育种值选择和表型值选择的比较,两种选择方法选取前10%个个体的育种值平均值分别为3.19、9.95、13.07g和2.55、7.36、11.50g,前者比后者分别高出约20.06%、26.03%、12.01%,表明在每一生长阶段依据育种值选择比表型值选择更具优势。还对不同生长阶段的家系及亲本进行选择比较,结果表明,家系与亲本育种值相关性的变化趋势均为生长期越长,相关性越高,推测对家系及亲本进行提前筛选的时期至少在105日龄以上。 相似文献
6.
采用巢式设计和人工控制授精方法构建了19个半同胞和41个全同胞泥蚶家系,研究了泥蚶各发育阶段生长性状遗传力及性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明,泥蚶家系间各个阶段生长性状均存在一定变异,总体表现生长早期家系间变异较大,发育至后期家系间变异明显降低。在遗传力参数上,表现为体尺性状遗传力大于体重性状,如11月龄壳长、壳高、壳宽遗传力分别为0.298、0.313和0.257,而湿重遗传力仅为0.138;在体尺性状中,则表现为壳长、壳高的遗传力高于壳宽,如4月龄壳长、壳高遗传力分别达到0.378和0.357,而壳宽为0.312。各性状之间表型相关和遗传相关分析表明,不同发育阶段各性状表型相关系数都达到了极显著水平,而在遗传相关上,早期稚贝遗传相关系数均达极显著水平,发育至后期遗传相关系数变小。 相似文献
7.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)耐高温品系选育及耐温性能评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用家系选育方法,进行了大菱鲆耐高温性状选育研究,对两代家系耐温性能进行测定,并利用bCOX回归分析了各家系的耐温性优势比。结果表明:各家系耐温性差异达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且耐高温能力的优势比也存在显著差异,这反映出在大菱鲆耐高温选育中家系选择的高效性;经过一代选育,获得4个耐高温家系,并据此构建选育二代家系。耐温性能评估,选育二代比一代有显著提高,在27℃高温条件下,选育一代的平均死亡率为49%,选育二代的平均死亡率为10.26%;28℃条件下,选育二代耐高温子代的平均死亡率为32.83%,对照组的平均死亡率为88.9%;经过筛选后,选育二代的耐温性比选育一代提高了1—2℃左右。 相似文献
8.
利用遗传模型分析方法,对长牡蛎生长性状的遗传效应及其与环境互作效应进行研究。结果表明,壳长、壳宽和总重3个性状主要受显性效应控制,显性方差占表型方差的比例分别为0.31、0.23、0.36;壳高性状主要受显性-环境互作效应控制,显性-环境互作方差占表型方差的比例为0.37。4个性状中,壳高的加性效应作用较大,狭义遗传力达到0.10,表明以壳高为目标性状进行选育较容易。但由于总遗传力中互作广义遗传力大于广义遗传力,因此在选育过程中需考虑环境的影响。从遗传效应预测值看,中国和韩国群体杂交子代的效应值最大,表明这2个种群杂交易获得生长性状的杂种优势。 相似文献
9.
以虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)优良品系选育群体作为试验群体,采用单性状动物模型估计头长、体长、体高、体厚、尾柄长、尾柄高、背吻距、背鳍基长等8个主要体尺性状的遗传力。结果显示,上述8个性状的遗传力在0.131—0.313之间,多为中等或偏低遗传力,其中背鳍基长遗传力最低,为0.131±0.039,体高遗传力最高,为0.313±0.086。采用皮尔逊相关法估计上述性状之间的表型相关,结果显示,上述性状间表型相关变化范围为0.016—0.815。采用两性状动物模型估计上述性状间的遗传相关,结果表明,上述性状间遗传相关变化范围为0.065—0.866。在本研究中,比较分析表型和遗传相关结果发现,虽然体厚与尾柄长的表型相关最低,仅为0.016,相关性不显著(P0.05),但是遗传相关为0.247,似然比检验(likelihood ratio test,LRT)统计分析达到显著水平(P0.05)。体厚与背鳍基长的表型相关为0.647,t检验达到显著水平(P0.05);但遗传相关仅为0.305,LRT统计分析未达到显著水平(P0.05)。上述结果说明,在该群体中各体尺性状的表型相关和遗传相关水平不完全相同,在设计育种方案时应综合考虑各个性状间的表型相关及遗传相关。 相似文献
10.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)家系选育 F2 早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评估大菱鲆选育F2的早期育种效果,采用3种方法,即,Ⅰ:比较F2选择系和对照系的最小二乘均值,Ⅱ:比较连续2代(F1和F2)选择系目标性状间的育种值,Ⅲ:比较F2选择系和对照系的育种值,估测了6月龄大菱鲆体重的选择反应,并进而分析了现实遗传力和遗传增益。结果表明,3种方法的选择反应估测值存在一定差异,其相应估测的现实遗传力和遗传增益也不相同;3种方法估测选择反应、现实遗传力和遗传获得的均值分别为3.1983±0.5880、0.2941±0.0531和8.70±1.60,显示出足够大的早期选择反应、中等的现实遗传力和较低的遗传获得,预示利用家系选育对大菱鲆进行遗传改良能够取得良好的育种成效,同时,这些群体还有很大的遗传改良潜力。 相似文献
11.
Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Tianshi KONG Jie LIU Baosuo WANG Qingyin CAO Baoxiang LUAN Sheng WANG Weiji 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(8):106-110
Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding. 相似文献
12.
The objectives of this present research were to assess the heritability of growth traits under low temperature conditions in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.), and to analyze the correlation between body weight(BW) and body length(BL). There were 536 individuals from 25 full- and half-sib families involved in this study. During the entire 90-day period, which was initiated at 233 dph(day old) and ended at 323 dph, the individuals' BW and BL were weighed consecutively six times every 18 days. The heritability of BW and BL and the correlation between these two traits were estimated based on an individual animal model with the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood(DFREML) method. These results showed that the specific growth rates(SGR) of 25 families was from 0.75±0.11 to 1.05±0.14 under water temperature of 10.5–12°C. In addition, the heritability of BW and BL estimated under low-temperature were 0.32±0.04 and 0.47±0.06, respectively. The BW had a medium heritability(0.2–0.4), and the BL had a high heritability(0.45), which suggested that selection for increased weight and length was feasible. Moreover, there was potential for mass selection on growth. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between BW and BL were 0.95±0.01 and 0.91±0.01(P 0.01), respectively. A significant correlation between BW and BL showed that BL could be instead of BW for indirect selection, which could be effectively implemented in the breeding program. 相似文献
13.
通过设计交配组合,建立中度近交组GM(近交系数大于0.25,家系G1,G2,G3,G4)、轻度近交组GL(近交系数0.0625—0.25,家系Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4),非近交组GN(近交系数为0,家系F1,F2,F3,F4),比较共同环境养殖90d不同近交程度凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系体质量(BW)、存活率(SR)、高氨氮耐受存活率(SRA)及低溶氧耐受存活率间(SRH)的差异性,计算近交家系相关性状的近交衰退系数,评价近交对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活和抗逆性的影响。结果显示:GN组BW为7.66±2.86g,显著高于GM组BW(P0.05);GL组SR、SRA、SRH间差异近交衰退系数为–6.41%、–13.63%、–11.84%;GM组的SR、SRA、SRH的近交衰退系数为5.30%、–4.73%、–4.77%;Z2的BW最大为8.59±3.85g,G3的BW高于GN组均值;G2家系SR为84.81%±10.37%,显著高于其它家系(P0.05);75%的近交家系表现出SR近交衰退,62.5%的近交家系表现出SRH近交衰退。结果表明:近交导致凡纳滨对虾生长、高氨氮耐受性及低溶氧耐受性的衰退普遍存在,应避免高度近交个体的产生,近交系数应控制在0.25以下;少数近交家系的生长、存活、高氨氮耐受性或低溶氧耐受性优于非近交家系,推测选择合理亲缘选配方案可加快凡纳滨对虾遗传改良进程。 相似文献
14.
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding. 相似文献
15.
Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for weight and length in Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related traits, body weight (BW) and body length (BL), were examined at average 2, 3 and 8 months of age respectively, with 1 800 individuals measured in each age group (30 per family). Based on the additive-dominance-maternal-effect genetic analysis model, the restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate various (co)variance components. The results showed that narrow-sense heritability estimates of BW and BL were respectively:0.29±0.01 and 0.22±0.02 at 2 months of age, 0.32±0.02 and 0.30±0.04 at 3 months of age, 0.48±0.04 and 0.40±0.05 at 8 months of age; broad-sense heritability estimates were respectively:0.44±0.02 and 0.54±0.04 at 2 months of age, 0.35±0.01 and 0.36±0.03 at 3 months of age, 0.49±0.03 and 0.45±0.04. All heritabilities were statistically significant (P <0.05). Additive genetic correlations between BW and BL at 2, 3 and 8 months of age were consistently positive and highly significant (P <0.01):0.93±0.02, 0.95±0.03 and 0.92±0.03 respectively. Maternal effect was significant (P <0.05) only at 2 months of age, and was not detected at 3 and 8 months of age. According to the heritability estimates, the mass selection strategy should be efficient for the breeding of Japanese flounder. 相似文献
16.
The inability of Fenneropenaeus chinensis to tolerate low temperatures is of major economic concern in temperate climates,as it reduces their growing season and leads to over-winter mortality.In this study,the heritability of body weight under low grow-out temperature and cold tolerance in F.chinensis were first investigated and estimated using 88 ful-sib families,which might provide crucial information in Chinese fleshy prawn breeding programs.The heritability for body weight under suitable and low temperature of F.chinensis were both moderate(0.158 0±0.307 5 and 0.132 0±0.026 9 respectively);the large coefficient of variation(approximately 21%) and moderate estimate of heritability for body weight indicated substantial potential for selective breeding.The heritability estimate for cold tolerance was low(0.019 2±0.023 5),and showed no significant differences from zero(P0.05).A weak genetic correlation between cold tolerance and body weight was also estimated in the present study,also showing no significant differences from zero(P0.05).Thus,more research needs to be conducted on the more accurate heritability estimate of cold tolerance and genetic correlations between traits in F.chinensis to further improve the achievement of breeding goals. 相似文献
17.
为了评估大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)耐氨氮性状的遗传参数和为循环水养殖大菱鲆提供科学指导,作者研究了养殖海水中氨氮对4月龄和8月龄大菱鲆的急性毒性效应,同时对比了氨氮对白化和正常个体、雌性和雄性个体的急性毒性效应差别。结果表明:非离子氨对4月龄大菱鲆的24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为2.19、1.94、1.80、1.72 mg/L,对8月龄大菱鲆的24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为3.64、3.02、2.93、2.86 mg/L,非离子氨对4月龄和8月龄大菱鲆的安全质量浓度分别为0.17和0.29 mg/L;氨氮对白化和正常大菱鲆以及雌性和雄性大菱鲆的急性毒性效应均没有显著性差异,研究结果为进一步选育大菱鲆的耐氨氮品系提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study. 相似文献