The phytoplankton of some saline lakes in Central Asia     

Yoshiko Kawabata  Hiroyuki Nakahara  Yukio Katayama  Norio Ishida 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1997,6(1):5-16

The Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, and Lake Kamyslybas are closed lakes in Central Asia. They range from oligosaline to metasaline. The salinity of the Aral Sea has increased by more than 30 g L⁻¹ since widespread irrigation began in its catchment area. Few studies of the phytoplankton have been conducted on these lakes since extensive irrigation started. The investigation reported here compares the flora of phytoplankton in these saline lakes. In the Small Aral Sea, phytoplankton density gradually decreased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (∼ salinity), but there was no such relation in Lake Balkhash and Lake Kamyslybas. In the Aral Sea, Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were frequently observed in most areas of high EC value, and Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous in the area of medium and lower EC values. In Lake Balkhash, Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous, but Chlorophyceae were also noticeable. Most Cyanophyceae in Aral Sea formed filaments with heterocysts. The distinct characteristic of the phytoplankton of the Lake Balkhash was that all dominant species form colonies covered with a gelatinous film. Siliceousplankton diversity gradually decreased with increasing EC values in the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash.  相似文献   

The transition from people''s property to private property: Consequences of the restitution principle for urban development and urban renewal in East Berlin''s inner-city residential areas     

Bettina Reimann 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1997,17(4):301-313

The constitutional decision to return to their original owners all real-estate property in East Germany that had either been expropriated or placed under state administration (the restitution principle) has had significant consequences for urban development and urban renewal. Experiences from East Berlin's innercity residential areas illustrate the effects on the state of repair of housing, the character of residential neighbourhoods, the tenants living in the areas affected, and the future structure of real-estate ownership. The case studies reveal a picture of a contradictory development of residential neighbourhoods, including shifting power relations and new polarizations, especially between tenants and landlords.  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

《The Professional geographer》1997,49(2):257-268

Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest Cook, Ian G; Doel, Marcus A. and Li, Rex (eds.) Fragmented Asia: Regional Integration and National Disintegration in Pacific Asia Crush, Jonathan Power of Development de Blij, H. J., and Muller, Peter O. Physical Geography of the Global Environment Hayward, David J. International Trade and Regional Economies: The Impacts of European Integration on the United States Kennedy, Michael The Global Positioning System and GIS: An Introduction Lowe, Philip; Marsden, Terry and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Regulating Agriculture Marsden, Terry; Lowe, Philip and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Labour and Locality: Uneven Development and the Rural Labour Process Marsden, Terry; Lowe, Philip and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Rural Restructuring: Global Processes and Their Responses Whatmore, Sarah; Marsden, Terry and Lowe, Philip (eds) Gender and Rurality Whatmore, Sarah; Marsden, Terry and Lowe, Philip (eds) Rural Enterprise: Shifting Perspectives on Small-Scale Production Martopo, Sugeng and Mitchell, Bruce (eds) Bali: Balancing Environment, Economy and Culture Ould-Mey, Mohameden Global Restructuring and Peripheral States: The Carrot and the Stick in Mauritania Redclift, Michael and Benton, Ted (eds) Social Theory and the Global Environment Thomas–Slayter, Barbara and Rocheleau, Dianne Gender, Environment, and Development in Kenya: A Grassroots Perspective Wallach, Bret Losing Asia: Modernization and the Culture of Development Wennberg, John E. Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care Wilson, David and Huff, James O. (eds) Marginalized Places and Populations: A Structurationist Agenda  相似文献   

Seismicity re-evaluation of the northern Red Sea     

A. Gharib  A. Necioglu  A. Al-Amri 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(2):335-348

The Aqaba subnetwork of five vertical short-period stations of the seismological observatory of King Saud University was installed in late 1986 along the eastern side of the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. During the first six years (1986 August to 1992 July) of the subnetwork operation, 400 microearthquakes were detected. Of these, 93 events were recorded by most of the subnet stations and were located. Their epicentres lie in the northern part of the Red Sea between latitudes 25.5 N and 27.5 N and longitudes 33.5 E and 36 E along the axial depression of the Red Sea where the large intrusions (deeps) are located. Magnitudes of the locatable events ranged from 2.1 to 4.8. Two intensive swarms of about 200 microearthquakes occurred in February and June of 1992. The February swarm is the first intensive sequence observed in the surveying area since the establishment of the KSU network. Frequency-magnitude analysis of the recorded events for the period 1986-1992 yielded 3.543 for a and 0.658 for b . These relatively higher b values (0.658) are a good indication of the crustal heterogeneity under the spreading zone of the northern Red Sea. USGS and KSU data together show 3.41 for a and 0.49 for b . This study, together with historical data, confirms that the area is very seismically active and that the activity is mainly of swarm type, and may be attributed to the subsurface magmatic activity and spreading centres that are usually associated with strike-slip and normal faulting, respectively.  相似文献   

The onset of Pleistocene glaciation in the Barents Sea: implications for glacial isostatic adjustment     

Georg Kaufmann 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,131(2):281-292

In this paper the effect of a delayed onset of glaciation in the Barents Sea on glacial isostatic adjustment is investigated. The model calculations solve the sea-level equation governing the total mass redistributions associated with the last glaciation cycle on a spherically symmetric, linear, Maxwell viscoelastic earth for two different scenarios for the growth phase of the Barents Sea ice sheet. In the first ice model a linear growing history is used for the Barents Sea ice sheet, which closely relates its development to the build-up of other major Late Pleistocene ice sheets. In the second ice model the accumulation of the Barents Sea ice sheet is restricted to the last 6 ka prior to the last glacial maximum.
The calculations predict relative sea levels, present-day radial velocities, and gravity anomalies for the area formerly covered by the Weichselian ice sheet. The results show that observed relative sea levels in the Barents Sea are appropriate for distinguishing between the different glaciation histories. In particular, present-day observables such as the free-air gravity anomaly over the Barents Sea, and the present-day radial velocities are sensitive to changes in the glaciation history on this scale.
A palaeobathymetry derived from relative sea-level predictions before the last glacial maximum based on the second ice model essentially agrees with a palaeobathymetry derived by Lambeck (1995). The additional emerged areas provide centres for the build-up of an ice sheet and thus support the theory of Hald, Danielsen & Lorentzen (1990) and Mangerud et al. (1992) that the Barents Sea was an essentially marine environment shortly before the last glacial maximum.  相似文献   

X射线荧光测井井液的影响与校正     

葛良全  周四春  谢庭周  章晔  程业勋  侯胜利 《物探化探计算技术》1996,(S5)

X射线荧光测井中 ,井液位于井下探管与井壁之间 ,它的影响不但表现在对特征X射线的吸收 ,而且表现在对源初级射线和特征 X射线的散射。井液的校正采用硬件与软件相结合的方法 ,在硬件上 ,使含有探测器的部分制成单独的短臂 ,有效地保证了探测窗与井壁的良好接触 ;在软件上 ,提出的双散射峰法和散射峰 -逃逸峰法 ,能够校正 0 - 10 mm厚的井液对 X射线荧光测井结果的影响  相似文献   

露头剖面层序中的海平面变化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于炳松 《矿物学报》1996,16(2):141-146

在以往的沉积研究中，常常用露头剖面中的相对水深变化来讨论海平面的变化规律，本文通过对塔里木盆地北部寒武纪反映相对海平面变化的上超点变化曲线与肖尔布拉克地区寒武系露头剖面中相对水深变化曲线的对比研究发现，上超点变化曲线与相对水深变化曲线具有明显的差异，前者在寒武纪呈持续上升趋势，而后者除早期有一快速上升外，总体呈持续下降趋势，这说明相对水深变化虽与海平面变化存在着本质的联系，但单凭露头剖面中相对水深  相似文献   

西菲律宾海沉积物稀土元素地球化学   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

石学法  马建国 《矿物学报》1996,16(3):260-267

对取自西菲律宾海区3个沉积物柱样（WP1、WP2和WP40）的32个样品的稀土元素（REE）地球化学行为进行了系统的研究。区内沉积物表现出以下特征：①稀土元素含量及总量（ZREE）较低，WP1、WP2和WP40孔的ΣREE依次为72．91×10－6，54．15×10－6和54．18×10－6，REE在粘土粒级中得到了较大富集；②REE球粒陨石标准化的分布模式曲线表现为负斜率，富集轻稀土，WP1、WP2和WP40孔LREE／HREE比值平均值为37．36，26．33和17．16，页岩标准化曲线大致呈水平；③与球粒陨石和页岩相比，Ce都表现为强烈的亏损；以球粒陨石为标准，WP40孔表现为弱的Eu正异常，其他两孔表现为弱的Eu负异常；以页岩为标准，皆显示Eu正异常；④ΣREE纵向变化曲线与CaCO3旋回曲线有良好的对应关系。上述特征表明：①沉积物的来源复杂，有陆源、火山源、生物源和自生源，在所研究的三个孔中，WP1孔含有较多的陆源物质，WP2和WP40含有较多的火山物质；②被粘土吸附是本区REE重要的存在形式；③沉积物形成环境为氧化条件；④据ΣREE的纵向变化曲线与CaCO3旋回曲线，将本区沉积物自下而上划分为末次冰期亚间冰期沉积、冰期最盛期沉积和全新世沉积。  相似文献   

Geotechnical study of landslides resulting from a highway construction in Jordan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi  Salah A. Taqieddin 《Natural Hazards》1996,13(1):1-15

Landslides in Jordan have caused numerous problems during the past 40 years. The most critical slides occurred during the period of 1991/1992 after exceptional heavy rain and snowfall. Many disastrous landslides occurred along the newly reconstructed international highway that links Amman, Jerash and Irbid. Causes for these slides are attributed mainly to the lack of a comprehensive overview and geotechnical understanding of the problem.Many investigators have been interested in this problem of finding an adequate solution to such landslides in Jordan either by using theoretical analysis or by using computer software to solve the slope instability problems. A detailed study was conducted at the Jordan University of Science and Technology to investigate the potential causes and measures for this problem. Seven landslides along the mountainous section of this international highway were reviewed. One of these landslides was thoroughly investigated using a three-dimensional computer program called JUST-SLOPE introduced at the Jordan University of Science and Technology campus. Results of this study indicate that landslides at this site could have been predicted had this technique been applied prior to the occurrence of this slide.  相似文献   

白云鄂博稀土矿床中辉钼矿的铼-锇同位素年龄   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

刘兰笙  高翎  杜安道  孙亚莉 《矿床地质》1996,15(2):188-191

白云鄂博铁稀土矿床的形成年龄一直是个有争论的问题，采自该矿床东采场的辉钼矿样，通过镜下对矿物结构构造的研究，认为辉钼矿是矿区晚期矿脉形成阶段的矿物，它的铼－锇同位素年龄为（４３９±８）×１０＾６ａ。此结果从另一侧面说明该矿床在加里东期有一期成矿作用。  相似文献