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61.
磺胺类、四环素、喹诺酮类和多粘菌素抗生素是医学与养殖业中的常用抗生素,其中多粘菌素在畜牧养殖业中常作为促长剂添加。调查分析了这4类抗生素的常见耐药基因在东海温州近海水域的分布情况。利用抗性平板筛选温州近海水域对磺胺类、四环素类及喹诺酮类抗生素耐药的可培养细菌分离株,对耐药分离株通过PCR方法进行目标耐药基因检测;对目标耐药基因阳性的耐药分离株进行多粘菌素耐药基因MCR检测以及采用微量二倍稀释法测定对上述4类抗生素的耐药性。结果表明,利用抗性平板筛选获得可培养耐药分离株1 605株,从中筛选到目标耐药基因阳性的51株,检出率为3.18%,包括含磺胺类耐药基因35株、含四环素耐药基因36株、含喹诺酮耐药基因17株、含多粘菌素耐药基因2株; 51株耐药菌归于7个菌属,其中气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.) 43株,占比84.31%,枸橼酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)各2株,埃希氏菌属(Escherichia sp.)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.)、Thalassobius sp.及Amphritea sp.各1株;上述2株非常见分离株不统计在内,常见的49株均对四环素耐药, 41株对多粘菌素耐药,对磺胺类和喹诺酮类耐药的分离株均为34株;同时,发现23株对4类抗生素均产生耐药, 16株对多达3种抗生素耐药,多重耐药现象普遍存在。同时,鉴定出MCR-3阳性的条件致病菌维氏气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌各1株。综上,温州市近海水域中含有常见耐药基因的耐药分离株检出率较低,但同一耐药基因的细菌分布多样,对磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类及多粘菌素类等4类抗生素表现出较强的耐药性,多重耐药现象明显。研究结果将为评估温州近海水域的细菌耐药性风险,规范抗生素的使用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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63.
B-3胞外多糖是从一株南极嗜冷菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3发酵液中提取的胞外多糖，前期研究发现该多糖能够激活巨噬细胞并影响其免疫调控活动。为探明其免疫调控途径，采用转录组学分析对经B-3多糖刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞系进行了差异表达基因分析。研究结果表明B-3多糖的刺激引起了420个基因的差异表达，其中上调178个、下调242个。差异表达基因与细胞功能存在诸多关联，但主要集中在代谢和免疫两个通路上：其中在多个免疫相关通路上，富集最显著的是抗原处理和表达途径；另一个明显富集的则是代谢通路，B-3多糖处理引起了大量参与代谢的酶类的表达变化，包括氨基酸，碳水化合物，脂质和核苷酸代谢相关基因均发生了一定程度的改变。因此，B-3胞外多糖作为一种免疫激活剂直接影响了RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的免疫功能，同时也对其胞内的代谢途径产生了影响。本论文首次开展了南极嗜冷细菌胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的影响，该研究为不同来源的活性多糖对巨噬细胞免疫激活研究提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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了解近交效应对评估贝类长期育种的可行性及分析自交和全同胞交配子代的近交衰退有重要意义。海湾扇贝是典型的性腺雌区与雄区严格分开的雌雄同体型海洋贝类，行体外受精。它是研究贝类遗传近交衰退和交配系统进化的一个模式物种。目前双壳贝类的近交衰退研究多集中在表型和分子标记等方面，但基因组表达层面的研究较少。本研究比较了亲本遗传背景相同的海湾扇贝近交系F=0.5和杂交系闭壳肌组织的基因表达。表型方面：近交系和杂交系在某些生长性状有差异，其中近交系的壳长和总重低于杂交系。基因表达方面：自交系有1175个基因表达量上调，1390个基因表达量下调。差异表达基因主要集中在肌原纤维、收缩纤维和细胞质膜等。GO功能富集主要集中在转移酶、磷酸酶、蛋白激酶和活性肽等方面。差异明显的通路主要集中在氧化磷酸化通路和细胞凋亡通路。利用独立亲本的近交系和杂交系采用qRT-PCR技术，验证了近交系的差异表达基因主要参与氧化磷酸化通路和细胞凋亡通路， 说明自交能影响能量代谢和自稳态。 相似文献
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实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)是定量分析基因表达的常用方法,选择合适的内参基因对准确分析目的基因表达水平至关重要。本研究以不同铁浓度培养条件下的玛氏骨条藻为材料,定量分析Cytb、EF-1α、HPRT、UBC、GAPDH、β-actin以及β-tubulin 7个内参基因的表达情况,并利用GeNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件对这些内参基因的稳定性进行综合评价。结果表明,Cytb和EF-1α的表达稳定性较好,EF-1α+Cytb组合的稳定性最佳,是玛氏骨条藻基因表达研究的理想内参基因,而其他基因的表达稳定性较差,不适合作为内参基因。本研究为玛氏骨条藻基因表达研究过程中内参基因的选择提供了方法学上的依据。 相似文献
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本研究采用全自动生长曲线分析仪Bioscreen C,比较了不同浓度的新琼四糖、新琼六糖、龙须菜发酵液、低聚果糖、低聚木糖、葡萄糖对乳酸菌Lactobacillus plantarum的促增长作用。结果显示,葡萄糖和龙须菜发酵液最佳的添加浓度分别为0.4 g/L和0.8 g/L,而新琼四糖、新琼六糖、低聚果糖、低聚木糖均为0.6 g/L。在各自的最佳浓度下,促生长效果最好的依次为新琼四糖、低聚果糖、新琼六糖、龙须菜发酵液、低聚木糖和葡萄糖。进一步比较在最佳添加量(0.6 g/L)和低浓度(0.2 g/L)条件下,新琼四糖和新琼六糖对乳酸菌Lactobacillus plantarum的转录组的影响,发现新琼四糖和新琼六糖在促乳酸菌生长的作用机理上有很大的相似性,当浓度升高时对细胞内的“转运活性”有更高的影响。 相似文献
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新型城镇化背景下,特色旅游小镇作为城乡融合和乡村振兴的重要载体,承担着产业发展、文化传承、社区管理、空间整合和生态优化等多种功能。针对当前特色旅游小镇产城不融合、特色不鲜明等发展现状,论文以产业整合与景观重构为视角,探讨特色旅游小镇建设的双轮驱动机制,研究结果显示：① 以产业整合实现特色旅游小镇建设的转型升级。在挖掘产业共性与识别产业特色的基础上,运用整合手段实现产业互融,激发出产业整合极强的人口集聚、产业集聚、消费集聚、服务集聚、空间集聚以及生态集聚等效应,促进特色旅游小镇的经济建设、社会建设和生态建设。② 以景观重构实现特色旅游小镇建设的基因传承。通过识别景观基因、提取景观节点、组合景观廊道、构建景观形态的重构路径,描绘出特色旅游小镇文化景观的建设蓝图,以凸显特色旅游小镇的文化基因。③ 将产业整合与景观重构有机结合,形成特色旅游小镇建设的双轮驱动器。在识别景观基因与确定形象定位的前提下开展产业整合,同时利用整合成果提取出景观节点,组成旅游通道,进而整合社会空间功能,形成和谐的景观形态,为特色旅游小镇提供一条产业化与特色化高度融合的建设路径。 相似文献
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Shing Yi Pan Geok Yuan Annie Tan Peter Convey David A. Pearce Irene K. R Tan 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):208-212
The Antarctic represents a largely untapped source for isolation of new microorganisms with potential to produce bio- active natural products. Actinomycetes are of special interest among such microorganisms as they are known to produce a large number of natural products, many of which have clinical, pharmaceutical or agricultural applications. We isolated, characterized and classified actinomycetes from soil samples collected from different locations on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the maritime Antarctic. A total of 95 putative actinomyeete strains were isolated from eight soil samples using eight types of selective isolation media. The strains were dereplicated into 16 groups based on morphology and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis （ARDRA） patterns. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives from each group showed that streptomy- cetes were the dominant actinomycetes isolated from these soils; however, there were also several strains belonging to diverse and rare genera in the class Actinobacteria, including Demetria, Glaciibacter, Kocuria, Marmoricola, Nakamurella and Tsukamurella. In addition, screening for antibacterial activity and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes showed that many of the actinomycete strains have the potential to produce antibacterial compounds. 相似文献
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Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes has placed them under consideration as emerging environmental contaminants. The occurrence and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes (TRG) and integrons (INT) have been monitored for 2 years in seven oyster beds located in the Altamaha River (Georgia, USA) estuary. TRG/INT profiles varied both temporally (p < 0.025) and spatially between oysters and their environment (p < 0.005) suggesting shifts in sources of contamination and selection of TRG/INT carriers by oysters. The latter was confirmed via analysis of tet(D) and tet(G) distribution between oysters and their environment. Uncommon class 3 integrons dominated the integrons’ profile in oysters. The frequency of TRG/INT incidents correlated (R2 ? 0.9) to (i) dissolved solids, (ii) potential water density, and (iii) turbidity but not to the amount of local precipitation suggesting the watershed as the dominant source of TRG/INT contamination and other than directly rainfall-caused run-offs as its environmental route. 相似文献
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The circadian clock is a fundamental endogenous mechanism of adaptation that coordinates the physiology and behavior of most organisms with diel variations in the external environment to maintain temporal homeostasis. Diatoms are the major primary producers in the ocean. However, little is known about the circadian clock in marine diatoms compared with other organisms. Here, we investigated circadian clock genes, their expression patterns, and responses to environmental stimuli such as light, nitrogen and phosphorus in two marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, using a combination of qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analysis. We identified 17 and 18 circadian clock genes in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. Despite significant evolutionary differences, these genes were similar to those of the higher plant Arabidopsis. We also established a molecular model for the marine diatom circadian clock comprising an input pathway, core oscillator, output pathway, and valve effector. Notably, the expression patterns of core clock genes (circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1), late elongated hypocotyl (LHY) and timing of cab 1 (TOC1)) in both species differed from those of terrestrial plants. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was influenced by variations in ambient light, nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Although marine diatoms and higher plants share common circadian clock components, their clock genes have diverged throughout evolution, likely as a result of adapting to contrasting environments. 相似文献