Time Series Analysis on the Ratio for Pixels with Abnormal Brightness Temperature Increase and Its Variation Before Some Earthquakes with Ms ≥ 5.0 in the Taiwan Area     

Liu Fang 《中国地震研究》2007,21(4):437-444

In the study of the application of MODIS satellite remote sensing data to earthquake prediction, the paper puts forward for the first time a quantitative method to estimate the ratio for the pixels with abnormal brightness temperature (BT) increase and a preliminary scheme for cloud removal. The principle is that, firstly, the cloudless data observed by the same satellite at the same period of time but in different days (usually 1 day to 3 days) are mosaiced to get high ratio of clear sky, and then the BT variation curve and mean square difference (MSD) of each pixel are calculated with the data from the covered area to determine daily whether the BT data of the day is normal or not at a certain pixel by using double the MSD as the criterion. The ratio for the pixels with abnormal BT increase can be calculated by dividing the total number of abnormal pixels with the total pixels of the whole area. Analysis on a series of recent earthquakes in the Taiwan area shows that the ratio for pixels with abnormal BT increase, which normally undulates around zero, has a sudden enhancement 1 day to 20 days before medium-strong earthquakes. It is expected that a new method for identifying earthquake auspice could be found through special studies in regions with frequent seismic activity by analyzing the change of the ratio for the pixels with abnormal BT increase from MODIS satellite remote sensing infrared (IR) information from which the effect of clouds has been removed to a certain extent.  相似文献   

江苏高邮地磁台地磁异常与地震关系的研究     

蒋延林  赵卫红  王福才  张骞 《山西地震》2005,(2):19-21,35

应用加卸载响应比法、日变幅逐日比法及空间相关分析法，分析研究了江苏高邮地磁台1992年至1997年地磁垂直分量的观测资料，结果发现，在中强地震前高邮台的地磁场存在明显的磁异常变化。提出了适用于高邮台的地震分析预报参数。  相似文献   

饱和砂土液化判别方法中问题浅析   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

刘金韬  金晓媚 《工程地质学报》2000,8(3):379-384

国内外各种勘察规范中所判别砂土液化的方法很多,但其效果如何,很维得到难３,笔者利用唐山地震砂土液化资料对几种目前较为常用、有代表性的方法进行了回判分析,指出了这些方法中存在的问题,并阐述了影响液化的主要因素。  相似文献   

干旱和复水对羊草碳氮分配的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许振柱  周广胜  王玉辉 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(3):65-71

植物的碳氮营养及其相互关系是最重要的基本生物过程之一,阶段性干旱对植物碳氮分配的影响研究甚少。实验以中国北方草原的典型植物羊草为材料,研究不同干旱持续期复水对羊草碳氮含量、分配及其相互关系的影响。结果表明:短期和中期干旱使植株生物量、氮素水平和单株总氮量增加,但长期干旱使之降低。水分处理对碳含量的影响不显著。干旱后复水降低了各器官特别是绿叶的碳氮比。中度持续干旱的氮素利用率(NUE)最高、短期干旱最低。羊草各器官氮素绝对量占整株的百分比从大到小依次为:绿叶、根茎、根、枯叶和茎鞘,其中叶片的氮素总量占植株的一半以上;随着干旱持续期的增加,氮素对根部的投资亦加大。羊草受到适当干旱驯化后复水引发的超补偿作用可促进羊草植株生长、提高氮素水平,并在一定程度上通过碳氮分配的调节作用来适应于阶段性的干旱胁迫。  相似文献   

A Nondestructive Technique for Predicting the In Situ Void Ratio for Marine Sediments     

Dei G. Huws  Angela M. Davis  James R. Pyrah 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(4):333-346

This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner.  相似文献   

动态变化率与最大差值相结合的陆表生态变化检测     

李晓东  宋开山 《遥感学报》2021,25(6):1338-1350

为了实现更大尺度上的陆表生态变化检测,一种基于综合生态指数的动态变化检测方法用于不同时期卫星影像变化信息的提取。本文以东北地区的松嫩平原地表植被覆盖类型作为主要研究对象,2006年和2018年作为变化检测研究的标准年,陆地资源卫星影像数据作为实验数据源。动态变化的主要检测内容划分为年内变化和年际变化,最大差值算法计算影像数据的年内最大变化差异,同时动态比率算法计算年际动态变化。方法的实现过程如下,选择3个主要生态指数（水体指数、植被指数和土壤指数）用于计算年内最大差异和年际动态比率。然后,采用主成分分析法提取年内最大差异和年际动态比率的第一主成分,主要研究内容包括年内变化的显著性生态评价和年际变化方向、变换类型的分析与评价以及方法精度的验证。最终结果表明：（1）动态比率算法用于研究区年际变化检测,具有更高的变化检测精度,总体精度为93.80%,Kappa系数为0.876。（2）年内生态指数变化的最大差值用于定量衡量研究区年内变化检测。其中,第一主成分保留了83.04%的变化信息。同时,植被和水体对研究区的陆表生态变化有正方向的贡献。土壤裸露程度对陆表生态变化有负方向贡献。动态比率变化检测方法不需要设定适合的、动态的变化阈值,更便于大范围高效更新土地覆被类型。  相似文献   

北斗观测量时间相关随机模型构建及评估     

李慧  信泽宇  刘学  田迪迪  贾春 《测绘通报》2021,(4):60-63

传统多历元累积观测量随机模型通常忽略各历元间观测量的时间相关性,导致其对观测量整体随机特性刻画不准确。考虑北斗系统中GEO卫星观测量的时间相关性较强,本文提出一种适用于多历元下北斗观测量的时间相关随机模型构建方法。在传统多历元随机模型的基础上,将时间相关系数直接引入随机模型,通过观测量站间差分残差计算各历元间观测量的时间相关系数,生成多历元下北斗观测量时间相关随机模型,并利用实际试验数据对其在整周模糊度解算中的表现进行评估。试验结果表明,时间相关随机模型在一定程度上解决了传统随机模型存在的整周模糊度PCF下限估值虚高的问题,提高了整周模糊度Ratio值,有助于整周模糊度顺利通过检验。此外,相比于传统随机模型,时间相关随机模型有效减少了整周模糊度漏检及误警的情况出现,提高了整周模糊度解算的可靠性。  相似文献   

城市空间扩展非协调性识别的基础理论与实证分析     

孙平军  修春亮  吕飞 《地球科学进展》2015,30(2):247-258

针对当前国内外现有城市空间扩展研究因数据和方法的制约而相对缺乏合理性评价以及伴随快速城镇化进程推进的我国城市空间扩展引发了一系列区域可持续发展问题的现实背景,试图基于逆向思维和问题诊断视角构建一座由非协调病理诊断通向协调发展道路的桥梁,从非协调性视角构建城市空间扩展合理性评价指标体系;内涵上具体表征为城市建设用地总量控制非协调性、城市建设用地与农用地、生态用地配比结构非协调性以及城市建设用地空间配置非协调性3个层面。并在此基础上,以2008年中国246个地级市为样本单元展开实证分析。期间从分区(经济区划)、分类(行政等级、道路交通、城市规模、城市属性、气候条件、地形条件等)的思维对其内在规律性进行了揭示、归纳与汇总。结果表明该识别体系较为合理,揭示结果与现实情况相吻合,可以作为认知城市空间扩展,缓解人多地少的基本国情和人地矛盾冲突,促进土地资源的集约高效、合理利用和区际公平可持续发展的理论依据。  相似文献   

渤海沉积物中甲烷氧化速率及同位素分馏规律研究     

陈宇峰  郑秀丽  李晶  贺行良  刘昌岭  孟庆国  秦德谛  张培玉 《岩矿测试》2018,37(2):164-174

渤海蕴藏着大量的油气资源,其主要成分是温室气体甲烷,自然环境下或人为因素的影响会引起其泄露与迁移,对环境造成负面的影响。但是,泄露与迁移过程中微生物会氧化绝大部分甲烷,而不同的环境条件会影响氧化过程中的速率及碳同位素分馏过程。为了更好地认识渤海沉积物中甲烷氧化规律和同位素分馏规律以及为进一步研究此区域的甲烷氧化提供参考,本文选取渤海沉积物作为进行实验室模拟降解实验原料,借助气相色谱和气相色谱-同位素比值质谱仪测定渤海沉积物中的甲烷氧化速率,确定了甲烷氧化碳同位素分馏系数ε。结果表明:渤海沉积物中甲烷氧化作用以好氧氧化占主导,氧化温度和气体流速是影响甲烷氧化速率的主要因素。在连续培养的模式下,当温度由28℃降至15℃时,甲烷的平均氧化速率降低60%±10%,即温度越低越不利于甲烷氧化作用的发生。而气体流速由50μL/min增加至150μL/min时,甲烷的平均氧化速率增加90%±10%,即增加气体流速有利于氧化反应速率的提高。实验还发现,甲烷碳、氢同位素的分馏效应主要受氧化温度制约,分馏程度与温度呈正相关。实验结论认为温度是影响甲烷氧化速率和同位素分馏规律的重要因素。  相似文献   

Shear wave attenuation characteristics over the Central India Tectonic Zone and its surroundings     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

The study area lies between latitude 18–26°N and longitude 73–83°E, and mainly covers the Central India Tectonic Zone (CITZ). The frequency-dependent shear wave quality factor (Q_s) has been estimated over the CITZ and its surroundings using Double Spectral Ratio (DSR) method. We have considered 25 local earthquakes with magnitude (M_L) varies from 3.0 to 4.7 recorded at 11 stations running under national seismic network. The Fast Fourier Transformed (FFT) spectra were computed from the recorded waveform having time-window from onset of S-phase to 1.0 s and for a frequency-band of 0.1–10 Hz. Three different shear wave velocities (i.e., 3.87, 3.39 and 3.96 km/s) were obtained over the study area based on a pair of earthquakes recorded at a pair of stations. The low Q_s values of 51–96 at 1 Hz (i.e., Q_s = 51f^0.49; Q_s = 90f^0.488 and Q_s = 96f^0.53) were found in the area covering the Son–Narmada–Tapti (SONATA) lineament, CITZ, eastern part of the Satpura fold belt, Vindhyan and Gondwana basins, Godavari and Mahanadi grabens, and southern part of Gangetic plain. Intermediate Q_s values of the order of 204–277 (i.e., Q_s = 204f^0.56 and Q_s = 277f^0.55) were noted in the cartonic areas, namely, Bundelkhand, Dharwar-Bhandara and Bastar. While the higher Q_s values of 391–628 at 1 Hz (i.e., Q_s = 391f^0.49, Q_s = 409f^0.48, Q_s = 417f^0.48, Q_s = 500f^0.66, Q_s = 585f^0.65 and Q_s = 628f^0.69) were found in the eastern part of the SONATA, CITZ, and the northeastern part of the Satpura fold belt. The low Q_s values might be attributing to the more heterogeneous SONATA rift system. Low Q_s values further may presumably be associated with lower-level of seismicity and apparently account for higher tectonic stress accumulation over long duration. The long-term accumulated stress is generally released through occasional triggering of moderate magnitude earthquakes in the SONATA zone. Surrounding the SONATA region, the higher Q_s values possibly accounts for a more homogeneous subsurface structure along the SONATA zone.  相似文献