Genealogy of the Singaporean black‐and‐white house     

Andrew Ballantyne  Andrew Law 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(3):301-313

The distinctive black‐and‐white houses from Singapore's colonial era that survive in enclaves as fine dwellings for the present‐day elite have been recognized and documented as a type. In this paper we tell the story of their cultural formation, which is one of remarkable hybridity. Various influences were brought to bear and resolved into the black‐and‐white house‐type, which was not invented ‘all at once’ in Singapore, but developed over the course of more than two centuries. We begin the story in India, when British settlers learnt from local Bengali practices to make serviceable dwellings for a climate that they found difficult. The overhanging roofs that shaded walls and the tall internal volumes were formalized with reference to European expectations of geometry and finish, and the bungalow was born. In British Malaya the bungalow was further hybridized with the house on stilts that was well known to the indigenous tradition. This produced the spatial configuration that is to be found also in the Singapore houses, with their extensive verandas on an upper floor level. Their distinctive colouring comes from a different tradition: the black‐and‐white Tudoresque style that was very popular in Britain and sometimes called ‘Old English’. This was used by the British colonizers so that they could feel more at home in surroundings that were in a far‐off foreign cultural environment.  相似文献   

不同藻类水体太阳激发的叶绿素荧光峰（SICF）特性研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

赵冬至  张丰收  杜飞  赵玲  郭皓 《遥感学报》2005,9(3):265-270

采用现场实测和室内培养两种方式测定了甲藻、赤潮异弯藻、海洋蓝绿藻、叉角藻赤潮和新月菱形藻、叉鞭金藻、塔胞藻、扁藻和小球藻等非赤潮藻类光谱曲线,采用度量太阳激发的叶绿素荧光峰高度的Rmaxred/R560比值法,建立了不同藻类Rmaxred/R560与叶绿素a浓度的关系,R>0.82。随藻类的不同,Rmaxred/R560与叶绿素a的关系发生较大的变化,其关系方程的系数a的变化范围为0.037—1.135之间,b的变化范围为0.094—0.727之间。同时建立了不同藻类荧光峰位置与叶绿素a浓度的关系,除海洋蓝绿藻为0.57外,R均大于0.75。随叶绿素浓度的增加,浮游植物反射光谱荧光峰的位置向红光方向移动。随藻类不同,移动的幅度有所差异,赤潮异弯藻的移动幅度最大,其它藻类每10mgm-3浓度的移动幅度介于0.1—0.3nm之间。叉鞭金藻和塔胞藻在实验的浓度范围内未见移动。  相似文献   

广东凡口MVT铅锌矿床成矿年代——来自辉绿岩锆石SHRIMP定年证据   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

祝新友  王京彬  刘慎波  王艳丽  韩英  甄世民  郭宁宁 《地质学报》2013,87(2):167-177

广东凡口铅锌矿床是我国超大型铅锌矿床之一,已探明铅锌金属含量已达千万吨.矿床赋存于华南泥盆系海进序列中上部的白云质碳酸盐岩中,矿体呈不规则状受断裂构造控制,具有密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床特点.矿区发育辉绿岩脉,多呈NWW向,部分呈NNW向,靠近矿体的辉绿岩全部粘土化和碳酸盐化.辉绿岩穿切硫铁铅锌矿,同时辉绿岩中也含有浸染状铅锌矿细脉,显示辉绿岩形成于成矿作用的晚期,成矿作用持续时间长,辉绿岩就位时间短,就位后成矿作用仍在继续,因此,辉绿岩就位年龄可基本代表成矿作用年代.辉绿岩中锆石SHRIMP年龄主要集中于2213～957Ma、341～216Ma、138～127Ma、122～90Ma 4个区间,前二组代表捕获围岩的锆石.通过凡口矿床地质特点、区域地质演化以及与区域内铀矿、辉绿岩年龄数据的比较,122～90Ma组代表了凡口辉绿岩的侵位时代,相当于早白垩世晚期,显示铅锌矿化形成于华南板内拉张构造环境,与该时期发育大规模红层盆地相对应.由此建立区域(凡口式)铅锌矿化模型:白垩纪始,随着五夷山的隆起,阻断了太平洋暖湿气流的西进,华南地区开始了红层盆地发育阶段,铅锌矿主要分布于这些红层盆地周边地区;来自红层盆地的盆地卤水与来自生烃层的富硫的还原性卤水混合,形成铅锌矿床.  相似文献   

江西抚崇盆地晚白垩世-古新世莲荷组砾石砾组分析     

梁伟  陈留勤  郭福生  蒋兴波 《地质力学学报》2013,19(1):35-44

赣杭构造带中、新生代红色粗碎屑岩发育,对红层中砾石组构分析有助于理解红盆形成、演化过程.运用砾组分析方法,对江西抚崇盆地晚白垩世—古新世莲荷组砾岩层的砾性、砾度、砾态及砾向进行分析,并在此基础上对研究区红盆砾岩的物质来源、成因和形成条件等进行综合判断.研究结果表明,莲荷组砾岩为晚白垩世—古新世半干旱—干旱条件下的一套冲积扇相粗碎屑沉积,具有多物源和快速堆积的特点.总体上,砾石成分复杂,风选程度较差,呈次棱角—次圆状,风化程度较低.盆地不同地区砾石成分组合特征具有明显差别,反映了盆地周围复杂的物源供应条件.根据盆地周边出露基岩地层和扁平状砾石产状统计玫瑰花图判断,莲荷组沉积时期,物源主要来自盆地内部的基岩地层以及盆地西南部、西部和东北部.  相似文献   

青海曲麻莱盆地红层JScJ7zfzneDfspDrffPs（希指蕨孢）的发现及其意义     

段其发  涂兵  汤朝阳  赵小明  白云山 《地层学杂志》2012,(1):31-36

青海南部沱沱河地区陆相红层分布广泛,确定这些红层的时代对认识青藏高原的形成过程具有重要意义。由于红层中化石稀少,因此,这些地层的形成时代长期以来未有定论。曲麻莱盆地是沱沱河盆地东部的一个次级盆地,在该盆地红层之中部灰色钙质泥岩中获得了相当数量的孢粉化石,其中希指蕨孢子居绝对优势,据此确定含化石的地层地质时代属晚白垩世。...  相似文献   

中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿床时空演化规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

漆富成  张字龙  李治兴  何中波  王文全 《铀矿地质》2012,28(2):65-71

中国海相碳硅泥岩建造空间分布上受控于陆缘裂谷体系、陆缘裂陷体系、陆缘盆地体系及陆缘活动带断陷台沟体系,而大规模铀成矿作用与陆缘裂谷、陆缘裂陷环境下由海底喷流作用和海底火山喷发而沉积形成的热水沉积硅质岩、硅质磷块岩和碳硅质泥岩组成的含铀海相碳硅泥岩建造密切相关。铀矿床的空间分布受热液叠加改造驱动力条件制约,受红盆边缘断裂沟通效应影响。铀矿体的空间定位受切穿碳硅泥岩含铀建造的深大断裂及其派生的次级断裂、层间破碎带和联合断裂型复合带的控制。铀成矿时代则与形成热液叠加改造驱动力源的构造岩浆活化期相一致。  相似文献   

Effect of extraction-method,period of incubation and tidal emersion on the viability of haemocytes from oysters     

Fabiana T. Moreira  Mark Anthony Browne  Ross A. Coleman 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The impacts of pollution on marine organisms are often investigated using the viability of their haemocytes. Although this assay is routinely used in monitoring, field and laboratory experimentation, there has been less effort in further optimizing procedures to reduce artefacts and facilitate sampling over large geographic areas.  相似文献   

“特色全球城市”目标下的新加坡河滨水空间再生与启示     

张祚  李江风  陈昆仑  刘艳中 《世界地理研究》2013,(4):63-73

本文尝试在新加坡经济发展与转型的基本背景下,理解新加坡建设“特色全球城市”的目标;探讨在该目标的驱动下曾一度衰落的新加坡河滨河区如何实现空间功能的转变与再生,成为兼具社会开放性与包容性、全球化与本土化的空间载体,并推动新加坡城市的可持续发展与“特色全球城市”目标的实现;最后总结了其对于“建设美丽中国”目标下中国城市滨水空间开发的借鉴与启示。  相似文献   

The Transnational Assembling of Marina Bay,Singapore     

Erica X.Y. Yap 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2013,34(3):390-406

From Shanghai's Pudong to Dubai's Marina, waterfront developments are increasingly popular urban forms worldwide. Drawing on the literature on urban assemblages, I explore how urban waterfronts are produced out of the transnational assembling of models, knowledge and expertise. My case study here is Marina Bay, Singapore, a landscape that like much of the rest of Singapore is a product of talent and ideas from elsewhere. In this paper, two strategies employed by Singapore's urban authorities to court global expertise for Marina Bay's development are examined – their formation of an international panel of experts in the fields of urban planning, policy and design, and their launching of international competitions to attract top design firms. Like transfer agents that enable policies to travel, I argue that these individuals and firms are situated within wider knowledge circuits that straddle the globe, and are thus well placed to filter and channel ideas from elsewhere to Singapore. Drawing on selected developments within Marina Bay, I trace the routes taken by these ideas, the changes they underwent as they travelled, as well as their relationships with the actors that facilitated their journeys. In doing so, I hope to demonstrate the usefulness of understanding the urban as more‐than‐territorial in both theory and practice.  相似文献   

The Monitoring of Red Tides Based on Modular Neural Networks Using Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing     

JI Guangrong SUN Jie ZHAO Wencang ZHANG Hande 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(2):169-173

This paper proposes a red tide monitoring method based on clustering and modular neural networks. To obtain the features of red tide from a mass of aerial remote sensing hyperspectral data, first the Log Residual Correction （LRC） is used to normalize the data, and then clustering analysis is adopted to select and form the training samples for the neural networks. For rapid monitoring, the discriminator is composed of modular neural networks, whose structure and learning parameters are determined by an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm （AGA）. The experiments showed that this method can monitor red tide rapidly and effectively.  相似文献