用原地重熔说讨论热液铀矿形成的若干问题   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张珂  中山大学 《华东地质学院学报》2001,24(2):98-103

从花岗岩原地重熔说的角度，对热液铀矿床研究中存在的诸如矿岩时差，大小岩体矿化特征，产铀岩体判别指数以及与钨（锡）、铌、钽矿化，红层和构造运动等关系问题进行了初步的探讨。重熔说认为，岩体只是重熔界面凸起而被剥蚀的地方，岩体的大小仅反映剥蚀程度的大小，而无本质的区别。由于铀沉淀的“位源距”较大，铀总是沉淀于岩体的外接触带中。外接触带作为成矿围岩，既可以是沉积岩（包括红层）、变质岩，也可以是早期的花岗岩，前二者反映剥蚀程度较小（“小岩体”），后者反映剥蚀程度较大（“大岩体”）。由于后者的成矿围岩为花岗岩，所以产生了矿岩时差大的错觉。用化学成分计算出的指数与铀矿化没有直接的关系。此外，铀矿化一般晚于钨（锡）、铌、钽等矿化，故多与“大岩体”有关，其成矿壳层较低，成分也较为简单。铀的化学性质非常活泼，其矿化很可能包括了构造运动方面的重要信息。  相似文献   

全球大气能量的时空特征及变化趋势分析     

陈凯奇  李建平  谢铁军  汪秋云  王兰宁 《大气科学》2020,44(1):168-182

大气能量学是大气科学重要的组成部分，了解大气能量的时空分布和变化特征，能够为大气科学研究，尤其是气候变化研究提供新的思路和手段。本文基于1948～2016年NCEP逐月再分析资料，从大气的总能量及其内能、位能、潜热和动能的分布、变化趋势和主模态变化等方面阐释了全球大气能量变化的整体特征。主要结论如下:（1）除高海拔地区外，总能量呈现从赤道向两极逐渐递减的分布，且全球大部分地区呈增加趋势，内能和位能的分布和变化与总能量较为接近；潜热能的极大值区和显著变化区均位于赤道及低纬地区；动能的极大值区分布在中纬度长波槽和西风急流出口区，其在南半球双西风急流区的变化最为显著。（2）总能量呈现出不连续的阶段性跳跃式增长特征；北半球的总能量多于南半球，而增速却慢于南半球，即两半球间的能量呈趋同趋势；海洋上空的总能量多于陆地，且海陆间差额有增大趋势；火山爆发事件可能对大气能量在年际尺度上的减少有重要作用。（3）大气各能量第一模态的空间特征与其各自变化趋势分布非常相似，并先后在1975年左右发生了年代际突变。就第二模态而言，大气的总能量、内能和位能从整体上反映出南北极与其它地区呈反向变化的特征；部分低纬度地区的潜热能与其它地区呈反向变化；动能主要呈现从热带太平洋向南北两极的经向波列分布；它们的时间系数均有一定的多年代际变化特征，可能与气候系统的内部变率有关。  相似文献   

Modelling geomagnetic secular variation by main-field differences     

G. V. Haines 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,114(3):490-500

  相似文献   

Assimilation of fuzzy data by the BME method   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

J. L.?KovitzEmail author  G.?Christakos 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2004,18(2):79-90

Modern spatiotemporal geostatistics provides a powerful framework for generation of predictive maps over a spatiotemporal domain by accounting for general knowledge to define a space of plausible events and then restricting this space of plausible events to be consistent with available site-specific knowledge. The Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method is one of the most widely used modern geostatistics methods. BME results from assigning probabilities of plausible events based on general knowledge through information maximization and then applying operational Bayesian conditionalization that can explicitly assimilate stochastic representations of various uncertain (soft) data bases. The paper demonstrates that fuzzy data sets can be indirectly assimilated by BME through a two-step process: (a) reinterpretation of the fuzzy data as probabilistic through a generalized defuzzification procedure, and (b) efficient assimilation of the probabilistic results of generalized defuzzification by the BME method. A numerical demonstration involves site-specific probabilistic results obtained from the generalized defuzzification of a simulated fuzzy data set and general knowledge that includes the spatial mean trend and correlation structure models. The parameters of these models can be inferred from the hard data equivalent values of the probabilistic results. Accordingly, details of inference based on probabilistic soft data are also considered.  相似文献   

Complex Site Effects in Thessaloniki (Greece): II. 2D SH Modelling and Engineering Insights     

Dimitrios?RaptakisEmail author  Konstantia?Makra  Anastasios?Anastasiadis  Kyriazis?Pitilakis 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(3):301-327

This paper presents results of numerical modelling of site response for Thessaloniki, obtained with two different 2D methods; a finite difference and a finite element method. Ground motion across a 2D model of the subsoil of the city has been simulated for vertically incident SH waves. The predominance of locally generated surface waves is very clear in the synthetic seismograms of a weak event and of stronger ones. These results are then compared with the observations in time domain and frequency domain. The role of the soil formations with high attenuation in the lateral propagation and the effect of the differential motion close to the lateral variations are also pinpointed. The stronger events were finally used to compute strong ground motion in order to reveal and to discuss practical engineering aspects such as peak ground acceleration value, the most familiar indicator in seismic norms, the soil to rock spectral coefficients for the period bandwidth of interest, and the aggravation factor in terms of 2D to 1D response spectra as a useful ruler to account for complex site effects.  相似文献   

珠三角岭南文化与主要外省人原籍文化的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

严春艳  甘巧林 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(1):59-63

比较分析珠三角地区岭南文化与主要外省人原籍文化之间的共同性和差异性特征。研究表明:珠三角六大主要外省人文化与岭南文化具有共同的文化基石和文字表达方式,在文化传统和文化特征上也有一定程度的共同性;受地理环境、历史发展等因素的影响,中原文化具有浓厚的北方旱作农耕文化的特色,长江流域荆楚文化具有显著的稻作农耕文化的特色,而岭南文化则具有明显的南方海洋文化的特色;具体在饮食文化、服饰文化等物质形态文化领域也表现出明显的差异性。正确认识各种文化之间的异同点,能有助于实现文化的趋同和融合,发展有利于现代化的文化要素,逐步革除不利于现代化的文化要素,在文化互动中实现文化的现代化和文化大省的建设。  相似文献   

中国南方地区冬季风降水异常的分析   总被引：26，自引：5，他引：26  

何溪澄  丁一汇  何金海  李巧萍 《气象学报》2006,64(5):594-604

1997/1998和1998/1999年冬季是中国南方典型的多雨年和少雨年,它们分别发生在El Ni~no年和La Nina年。为了了解这两个冬季降水异常的原因,通过对比分析方法对这两个冬季的大气环流和水汽输送的差异进行了研究。结果表明:多雨年与ENSO事件的暖期相联系,西风带槽脊偏东偏弱,东亚冬季风减弱,副热带高压增强,对流层低层距平流场上呈现两个反气旋和一个气旋性环流,中心位于长江流域的气旋性环流的垂直结构和形成机理与菲律宾海反气旋不同。少雨年赤道海温的距平分布及高低层环流系统都与多雨年几乎相反。研究还揭示,冬季中国南方地区的水汽主要来自南支西风带低槽前部的西南气流和南海—中南半岛上空的转向气流,水汽输送通道随高度有明显的变化。1997/1998年冬季加强的南支西风气流和菲律宾海异常反气旋有利于水汽向中国大陆输送;1998/1999年南支西风气流弱,中国东南沿海低层为冷性高压控制,两支水汽输送带都大大减弱。这种水汽输送的明显年际变化是造成这2年冬季南方降水明显差异的一个关键因子。  相似文献   

Accuracy of elastic finite differences in smooth media     

Luděk Klimeš 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,148(1-2):39-76

The accuracy of finite-difference schemes of the 2nd and 4th order in 2-D and 3-D regular rectangular grids is studied. The method of designing the schemes and estimating their accuracy is proposed. The paper is devoted to the point schemes, expressed in terms of the discretized (point) values of the wave field and material parameters. Only the common schemes applicable in smooth parts of seismic models, outside structural interfaces, are taken into account. Finite differences at structural interfaces are studied elsewhere.The inaccuracy of finite-difference schemes is governed, above all, by the error in the phase velocity, caused by discretization. This error is estimated for several finite-difference schemes. It is explicitly dependent on the direction of propagation and on wave polarization. The maximum phase-velocity error over all directions of propagation enables the accuracy of the individual schemes to be appreciated in order to select the best one. The proposed approach is general and applicable to other finite-difference schemes, for example, of the 6th and higher orders.  相似文献   

基于地理探测器的欠发达地区健康资源时空分异及影响因素研究     

赵海莉  王启雯  朱立祥  李晓芹  田浩宇 《干旱区地理》2021,(2):594-603

医疗卫生资源是健康服务体系的基础和保障,高水平、高均衡性的医疗卫生资源是人民健康的保障。以甘肃省为例,基于卫生资源集聚度和变异系数、基尼系数、泰尔指数及分解,分析2010—2017年甘肃省14个市、州医疗卫生资源水平及均衡性的差异,运用地理探测器模型分析影响因素。结果表明:(1)2010—2017年甘肃省医疗卫生资源水平及其均衡性整体上升。(2)医疗卫生资源水平及均衡性分布呈现东南>西北的格局,经济较好的陇中、陇东地区优于其他地区,其中兰州市资源水平及均衡性最高。(3)甘肃省人均医疗卫生资源水平及均衡性要优于地均医疗卫生资源,河西地区由于面积广阔、人口集聚度相对较小,人均均衡性明显优于地均均衡性。(4)甘肃省整体医疗卫生资源水平差异逐渐减小,医疗卫生资源均衡性得到了较好的改善,同时其区域内差异减小、区域间差异逐渐增大,且河西地区和陇中地区的内部差异是甘肃省整体差异的主要贡献者。(5)经济水平是影响医疗卫生资源水平的主导因素,人均国内生产总值和人口老龄化与其他因子的交互作用的解释力较高,同时自然因素的解释力逐年上升。  相似文献   

Forecasting prices of single family homes using GIS-defined neighborhoods     

Mak Kaboudan  Avijit Sarkar 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2008,10(1):23-45

We estimate spatiotemporal models of average neighborhood single family home prices to use in predicting individual property prices. Average home-price variations are explained in terms of changes in average neighborhood house attributes, spatial attributes, and temporal economic variables. Models adopting three different definitions of neighborhoods are estimated with quarterly cross-sectional data over the period 2000–2004 from four cities in Southern California. Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation problems are detected and adjusted for via a sequential routine. Results of these models suggest that forecasts obtained using city neighborhood average price equations may have advantage over forecasts obtained using city aggregated price equations.   相似文献