粤东地区江蓠属Gracilaria(江蓠科,红藻门)的形态分类学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

丁兰平  谭华强  孙国栋  梁冰冰  黄冰心 《热带海洋学报》2014,33(4):33-39

在2011~2013年间对粤东地区进行了20余次野外大型海藻资源调查,采集了大量标本。利用形态特征,对部分标本进行了分类学研究。经鉴定,标本中包含江蓠属5个种及变种,即芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii Harvey、异枝江蓠G.bailinae Chang et Xia、细基江蓠G.tenuistipitata Chang et Xia、细基江蓠繁枝变种G.tenuistipitata var.liui Zhang et Xia、长喙江蓠G.longirostris Zhang et Wang。它们的主要鉴定特征分别为:芋根江蓠的分枝基部明显缢缩;异枝江蓠的藻体暗绿色,初级分枝围绕主轴互生、偏生或叉分;细基江蓠的藻体主轴基部纤细,分枝简单;细基江蓠繁枝变种的藻体纤细,分枝繁多;长喙江蓠的囊果具有明显的长喙状突起。其中,芋根江蓠和异枝江蓠在粤东地区属首次报道,文章对其进行了较详细的介绍。该研究结果丰富了粤东江蓠属的物种多样性,为粤东地区江蓠属物种资源的保护和利用提供了分类学依据。  相似文献   

夏季南海西部今生颗石藻   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

孙军  安佰正  戴民汉  李铁刚 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(2):170-178

首次报道了南海西部上层水体今生颗石藻的物种组成、群落结构和分布。根据2007年9月在南海西部海域（11°—15°N,110°—114°E）32个站位采集的200m以浅208个颗石藻样品在偏光显微镜下的分析结果,研究了该海域颗石藻群落特征,并进行了颗石藻与环境因子的典范对应分析（CCA）。调查区共发现20种今生颗石藻,其...  相似文献   

Impact of oxygen-depleted water on the vertical distribution of chaetognaths in the northeastern Arabian Sea     

K.K. Kusum 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1163-1174

The influence of a thick layer of oxygen-depleted water (<0.2 ml l⁻¹) on the abundance and distribution of chaetognaths was investigated in the northeastern Arabian Sea (NEAS), a natural oxygen-deficient system in the global ocean. The species and maturity stage-wise distribution of this group were studied at five discrete depths down to 1000 m. A total of 22 species belonging to four genera were observed, and the genus Sagitta dominated, representing 60% (500-1000 m) to 89% (Mixed layer depth) of the total chaetognath population. Based on their vertical distribution limits, four groups were recognised, as follows: I: species abundant in surface water with a maximum distribution limit up to 300 m; II: species confined mainly to deeper waters (>500 m); III: species present throughout the water column (0-1000 m); and IV: species present in most layers, but with a preference for a specific depth stratum. A positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed in the abundance of chaetognaths and their main prey copepods, emphasising the strong trophic relationship between these groups. It was found that the intensely oxygen-deficient waters of the NEAS play a crucial role in the vertical distribution and abundance of chaetognath species of all four genera. This report presents information on the maturity stages and ontogenetic migration of this important planktonic group in relation to the oxygen-depleted water in the study region for the first time. The results obtained are also important for understanding the biological processes associated with a major oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the global ocean.  相似文献   

Changes in soil nutrients, vegetation structure and herbaceous biomass in response to grazing in a semi-arid savanna of Ethiopia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z.K. Tessema  W.F. de BoerR.M.T. Baars  H.H.T. Prins 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(7):662-670

The effect of grazing was studied on vegetation structure, herbaceous biomass, basal and bare ground covers, together with soil nutrient concentrations in two locations in an Ethiopian semi-arid savanna. The lightly grazed sites had significantly higher herbaceous diversity, total abundance, basal cover and aboveground biomass, and a lower percentage of bare ground compared with the heavy grazed sites. Grazing pressure had no effect on the density and number of woody species as well as on the proportion of encroaching woody species. The light grazing sites had higher organic carbon, phosphorus and exchangeable bases, and therefore a higher pH and higher electrical conductance, indicating an improved soil nutrient status compared with heavy grazing sites, mainly attributed to the higher basal cover and standing biomass at light grazed sites, and the export of nutrients through grazing and dung collection from the heavily grazed sites. There were significantly higher soil nutrients, species diversity, aboveground biomass and basal cover in the light grazing sites compared with heavy grazing sites. We concluded that changes in herbaceous vegetation, standing biomass and soil compositions are caused by interactions between grazing, soil and vegetation, and these interactions determine the transitions of semi-arid savannas.  相似文献   

Impact of rainfall variability and grazing pressure on plant diversity in Mongolian grasslands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. Cheng  M. TsuboT.Y. Ito  E. NishiharaM. Shinoda 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(5):471-476

Climate and grazing are the main drivers of plant community composition and species richness in arid environments. This study aimed to examine the vegetation response to a spatial precipitation gradient, interannual rainfall variability, and grazing pressure in Mongolia. To examine the effect of a spatial precipitation gradient, we compared species richness among six sites. To investigate the effects of interannual rainfall variability and grazing pressure, we compared species richness for 2 years at two sites, in desert-steppe and steppe areas. The regional gradient in annual precipitation showed positive and negative relationships with grass richness and shrub richness, respectively, although total species richness did not vary significantly. The proportions of the different functional groups were affected by grazing pressure and rainfall variability in both zones. In the desert-steppe zone, species richness was lower in the drier year but did not vary with grazing pressure. In the steppe zone, species richness varied significantly with grazing pressure but did not vary between years. Precipitation would be more important than grazing pressure on vegetation changes in drier areas with high rainfall variability.  相似文献   

Constraint envelope analyses of macroecological patterns reveal climatic effects on Pleistocene mammal extinctions     

Matheus S. Lima-Ribeiro  Joaquín Hortal  Sara Varela  José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho 《Quaternary Research》2014

Quantitative analysis of macroecological patterns for late Pleistocene assemblages can be useful for disentangling the causes of late Quaternary extinctions (LQE). However, previous analyses have usually assumed linear relationships between macroecological traits, such as body size and range size/range shift, that may have led to erroneous interpretations. Here, we analyzed mammalian datasets to show how macroecological patterns support climate change as an important driver of the LQE, which is contrary to previous analyses that did not account for more complex relationships among traits. We employed quantile regression methods that allow a detailed and fine-tuned quantitative analysis of complex macroecological patterns revealed as polygonal relationships (i.e., constraint envelopes). We showed that these triangular-shaped envelopes that describe the macroecological relationship between body size and geographical range shift reflect nonrandom extinction processes under which the large-bodied species are more prone to extinction during events of severe habitat loss, such as glacial/interglacial transitions. Hence, we provide both a theoretical background and methodological framework to better understand how climate change induces body size-biased species sorting and shapes complex macroecological patterns.  相似文献   

Catch-quota balancing mechanisms in the Icelandic multi-species demersal fishery: Are all species equal?     

《Marine Policy》2015

In this study, utilization of catch-quota balancing mechanisms in the Icelandic demersal fishery, which allow for individual transferable quota to be transformed among species and transferred between years, is analyzed to determine whether annual catches closely adhere to total allowable catches on average. Icelandic landings data for 14 demersal fish species during 2001–2013 are compared to implemented total allowable catches as well as catch limits recommended by the Marine Research Institute (MRI) and a proxy for annual market values. Landings surpassed legal limits of total allowable catch in 27% of the cases (landings by species by fishing year), mostly due to species transformations, but TAC overages were not consistent for any species. Instead, catches of some species were consistently less than legal limits, with some indications that landings were related to profitability (i.e. landings were correlated with market value). However, landings surpassed MRI recommendations in 67% of the cases, and landings of four species (Atlantic wolffish, haddock, monkfish and redfish) consistently exceeded MRI recommendations. Therefore, discrepancies between scientific recommendations for catch limits and quotas selected through the political process may represent a higher risk to long-term sustainability than catch-quota balancing mechanisms.  相似文献   

Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory Approach for Modeling Flow and Transport Phenomena in Porous Medium Systems: 5. Single-Fluid-Phase Transport     

Gray WG  Miller CT 《Advances in water resources》2009,32(5):681-711

This work is the fifth in a series of papers on the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT) approach for modeling flow and transport phenomena in multiscale porous medium systems. The general TCAT framework and the mathematical foundation presented in previous works are used to develop models that describe species transport and single-fluid-phase flow through a porous medium system in varying physical regimes. Classical irreversible thermodynamics formulations for species in fluids, solids, and interfaces are developed. Two different approaches are presented, one that makes use of a momentum equation for each entity along with constitutive relations for species diffusion and dispersion, and a second approach that makes use of a momentum equation for each species in an entity. The alternative models are developed by relying upon different approaches to constrain an entropy inequality using mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. The resultant constrained entropy inequality is simplified and used to guide the development of closed models. Specific instances of dilute and non-dilute systems are examined and compared to alternative formulation approaches.  相似文献   

Characterising invasive non-native Rhododendron ponticum spectra signatures with spectroradiometry in the laboratory and field: Potential for remote mapping     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

Compared with traditional ground surveys, remote sensing has the potential to map the spatial extent of non-native invasive species rapidly and reliably. This paper assesses the potential of spectroradiometry to distinguish and characterise the status of invasive non-native rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum). Absolute reflectance of target plant material was measured with an ASD Fieldspec Pro System under standardised laboratory conditions and in the field to characterise spectral signatures in the winter, during leaf-off conditions for woodland overstory, and in the summer when mature rhododendrons are flowering. A logistic regression model of absolute reflectance at key wavelengths (490, 550, 610, 1040 and 1490 nm) was used to determine the success of discriminating rhododendron from three other shrubby species likely to be encountered in woodlands during the winter. The logistic regression model was highly significant (p < 0.001), with 93.5% of 246 leaf sets correctly identified as rhododendron or non-rhododendron (i.e. cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), holly (Ilex aquifolium), and beech (Fagus sylvatica)). Rescaling the data to emulate the spectral resolution of airborne and satellite acquired data decreased the total success rate of correctly identifying rhododendron by only 0.4%; although this error rate will likely increase for airborne or satellite data as a result of atmospheric attenuation and reduced spatial resolution. This demonstrates the potential to map bush presence using hyperspectral data and indicates the optimum spectral wavelengths required. Such information is critical to the development of successful strategic management plans to eradicate rhododendron (and the associated Phytophthora ramorum pathogen) effectively from a site.  相似文献   

Modelling the spatial distribution of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), sole (Solea solea) and thornback ray (Raja clavata) in UK waters for marine management and planning     

D.L. Maxwell  V. Stelzenmüller  P.D. Eastwood  S.I. Rogers 《Journal of Sea Research》2009,61(4):258-267

Species distribution maps are needed for ecosystem-based marine management including the development of marine spatial plans. If such maps are based on predictive models then modelling procedures should aim to maximise validation success, and any uncertainty in the predictions needs to be made explicit. We developed a predictive modelling approach to produce robust maps of the distributions of selected marine species at a regional scale. We used 14 years of survey data to map the distributions of plaice, sole and thornback ray in three hydrographic regions comprising parts of the Irish Sea, Celtic Sea and the English Channel with the help of the hybrid technique regression kriging, which combines regression models with geostatistical tools. For each species–region combination we constructed logistic Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) based on presence–absence data using the environmental variables: depth, bottom temperature, bed shear stress and sediment type, as predictors. We selected GLMs using the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) estimated by cross-validation then conducted a geostatistical analysis of the residuals to incorporate spatial structure in the predictions. In general, we found that species occurrence was positively related to shallow areas, a bed shear stress of between 0 and 1.5 N/m², and the presence of sandy sediment. Predicted species occurrence probabilities were in good agreement with survey observations. This modelling framework selects environmental models based on predictive ability and considers the effect of spatial autocorrelation on predictions, together with the simultaneous presentation of observations, associated uncertainties, and predictions. The potential benefit of these distribution maps to marine management and planning is discussed.  相似文献