Seasonal Prediction of the Record-Breaking Northward Shift of the Western Pacific Subtropical High in July 2021     

Shuai HU  Tianjun ZHOU  Bo WU  Xiaolong CHEN 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):410-427

The unprecedented Zhengzhou heavy rainfall in July 2021 occurred under the background of a northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH). Although the occurrence of this extreme event could not be captured by seasonal predictions, a skillful prediction of the WPSH variation might have warned us of the increased probability of extreme weather events in Central and Northern China. However, the mechanism for the WPSH variation in July2021 and its seasonal predictability are still un...  相似文献   

Geological records of the pacific plate subduction in the northeast asian continental margin; An overview北大核心CSCD     

Guo F. 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(6):1082-1089

The Paleo-Pacific Ocean was originated from the Panthalassa, which was a vast global ocean surrounding the Pangea Supercontinent. With the breakup of the Pangea and the closure of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean, the Paleo-Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and Indian Oceanic plates were in turn formed. About 190 Ma, the Pacific Plate was initially generated at the junction of the oceanic rift among the Izanagi, Karallon and Pheonix plates. Although most geologists considered a coherent genetic relationship between Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of NE Asian continental margin and subduction of the Pacific Plate, there still exist some key problems. The main issues include; ( I ) the formation, motion trait and evolution paths of the Pacific Plate, especially the Izanagi Plate which subducted beneath the NE Asian continental margin at least since early Jurassic; ( 2) the beginning time of the Pacific Plate subduction; (3) the identification of subduction-related magmatisni; and(4) physical conditions of subduction processes. Based on the recent research progress of the above issues, this paper synthesizes that the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate( or Izanagi Plate) beneath the NE Asian continent started in the early Jurassic. The subduction zone was gradually migrated eastward and constituted anarchipelagic oceanic framework with the involvement of old microblocks or foreign massifs.  相似文献   

Holocene environmental history in northwest Finnish Lapland reflected in the multi-proxy record of a small subarctic lake     

Krystyna Szeroczyńska  Andrzej Tatur  Jan Weckström  Michał Gąsiorowski  Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz  Elwira Sienkiewicz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(1):25-47

A 2.5-m-long sediment core was retrieved from Lake Somaslampi, a small lake located in a kame field on the north slope of the Scandes Mountains in Finnish Lapland. Holocene environmental changes were inferred from the lithological, geochemical, pollen, diatom and Cladocera records stored in the lake sediment. The chronology was based on six radiocarbon AMS dates supported by a palynological control chronology. The sediment profile consists of a glacial sedimentary sequence truncated by a lacustrine one. A hiatus, tentatively correlated with climate cooling and advances of glaciers during the 8.2 ka yrs BP “Finse cooling Event”, occurs between these sequences. The glacial sequence was composed of fluvioglacial clastics, smoothly changing into glacio-lacustrine diatomaceous ooze deposited in a meromictic proglacial lake that covered the kame field. The meromixis was probably caused by the greater depth of the lake, the extended ice-cover, and the microbial mats covering large areas of the lake bottom. A distinct change in the biota of the glacio-lacustrine sediments indicates higher trophic conditions than during deposition of the fluvioglacial clastics. The late-Pleistocene vegetation was characterised by subarctic birch tundra vegetation (Betula–Salix–Ericaceae) with low biodiversity gradually changing to Betula–Pinus dominance in the early Holocene. The lake was deep and had a diatom inferred pH ~ 7 indicated also by the dominance of planktonic Cladocera. The base of the lacustrine sediment sequence (6,650–6,300 cal. BP) consisted of loess-rich sediment indicating an increase in eolian activity. This is also supported by the pollen record, which is dominated by more long-distant taxa such as Alnus and Pinus, and by the increased C/N ratio of the sediment. After the initial meromictic phase of the lake, an abrupt lowering of the water level occurred. Lake Somaslampi was isolated from the larger Pre-Lake Somas basin and became holomictic, shallow, much warmer and more productive, until the deterioration of climate around 3,000 yr BP and the increased input of clastics from the tundra soils. The vegetation followed the general climatic trend by gradually changing from the dominance of Betula and Pinus to the dominance of more tundra-related vegetation like Poaceae and Cyperaceae. However, the higher frequencies of planktonic Cladocera and centric diatoms in the most recent sediments indicates higher trophic conditions, increased turbulence and a prolonged ice-free period, which can possibly be linked to the recent climate warming especially in areas of higher altitude and latitude.  相似文献   

Sediment accumulation rates in subarctic lakes: Insights into age-depth modeling from 22 dated lake records from the Northwest Territories,Canada     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Age-depth modeling using Bayesian statistics requires well-informed prior information about the behavior of sediment accumulation. Here we present average sediment accumulation rates (represented as deposition times, DT, in yr/cm) for lakes in an Arctic setting, and we examine the variability across space (intra- and inter-lake) and time (late Holocene). The dataset includes over 100 radiocarbon dates, primarily on bulk sediment, from 22 sediment cores obtained from 18 lakes spanning the boreal to tundra ecotone gradients in subarctic Canada. There are four to twenty-five radiocarbon dates per core, depending on the length and character of the sediment records. Deposition times were calculated at 100-year intervals from age-depth models constructed using the ‘classical’ age-depth modeling software Clam. Lakes in boreal settings have the most rapid accumulation (mean DT 20 ± 10 yr/cm), whereas lakes in tundra settings accumulate at moderate (mean DT 70 ± 10 yr/cm) to very slow rates, (>100 yr/cm). Many of the age-depth models demonstrate fluctuations in accumulation that coincide with lake evolution and post-glacial climate change. Ten of our sediment cores yielded sediments as old as c. 9000 cal BP (BP = years before AD 1950). From between c. 9000 cal BP and c. 6000 cal BP, sediment accumulation was relatively rapid (DT of 20–60 yr/cm). Accumulation slowed between c. 5500 and c. 4000 cal BP as vegetation expanded northward in response to warming. A short period of rapid accumulation occurred near 1200 cal BP at three lakes. Our research will help inform priors in Bayesian age modeling.  相似文献   

西太平洋岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动及成矿作用     

石学法  李兵  鄢全树  叶俊 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(4):1124-1138

岛弧-弧后盆地是海底热液硫化物发育的重要环境。本文总结了近几十年对西太平洋地区岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动调查及研究的成果,阐述了岛弧-弧后盆地热液活动的分布规律、构造环境、热液喷口水深和流体温度变化关系、相分离过程以及热液硫化物的金属元素组成特征,分析了成矿元素富集规律和控矿因素。研究认为,随着岛弧-弧后盆地热液喷口所处水深的增加,其最高喷口流体温度也相应增加,这与相分离过程有关;岛弧-弧后盆地热液硫化物与洋中脊硫化物不同,以Fe-Zn-Pb型硫化物为主,显著富集Zn、Pb、Au、Ag等金属元素;热液成矿作用主要受到岛弧及弧后扩张处的岩浆作用、相分离、基岩、弧后扩张速率、沉积物盖层等5类因素的制约。  相似文献   

西北太平洋俯冲带东北地区壳幔结构研究进展   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张瑞青  李永华  姚雪绒 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(4):1080-1085

总结了近年来西北太平洋俯冲前端东北地区地壳的精细结构和上地幔间断面410和660km的研究成果.认为：该区莫霍面深约为30～39km.410km的间断面有30km的深度异常,这种异常是否在过渡带正常或含水相变展布厚度的内,还是于该区俯冲带的后退有关,还需做进一步的研究论证.在中国东北地区,日本海俯冲带向西倾斜,在660km的间断面上近似水平停滞汇集被大多数层析成像、接收函数、波形拟和以及深震研究所认同.然而,俯冲带具体的形式、大小范围,向下渗透到多深以及在局部地区表现的横向不连续性的看法并不一致.由此带来的动力学模式什么力来支撑着停滞的板片,在板片最终下沉到下地幔以前,有多少俯冲的板片能停滞在间断面之上,这些问题都还需要更合理的解释.  相似文献   

南太平洋副热带偶极子模式模拟评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王卓越  郑建  杨宇星  王法明 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(2):237-247

为研究模式模拟南太平洋副热带偶极子的能力,本文利用CMIP5(CoupledModel IntercomparisonProjectPhase5)模式的模拟数据评估了15种模式模拟南太平洋副热带偶极子(South Pacific Subtropical Dipole, SPSD)时空分布的效果,并予以评分。结果表明:其中10种模式可以模拟出完整的SPSD生成发展过程,且SPSD的主要区域与观测较为接近,但其余5种模式在模拟强度、位置与观测有较大出入;所有模式在模拟SPSD生成阶段时比观测提前一个月出现偶极模态,1/4的模式海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)偶极异常可以追溯到6个月之前;潜热通量与SST的时空分布显示,潜热通量是影响偶极模态生成发展的主要因素。模态的变化主要受大气环流的调制,在模态发展最强时部分模式的正极上方有正潜热通量异常,即海洋向大气传递热量。分析显示模式模拟海气耦合过程中的SST模拟强度较观测偏强,气压方面与观测较为接近。  相似文献   

两种热通量边界条件对热带太平洋海温模拟的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王璐  周天军  刘海龙  邹立维 《海洋学报》2011,33(4):9-18

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候海洋模式(LICOM),考察了两种热通量边界条件(牛顿冷却型边界条件和总体公式型边界条件)对热带太平洋海温平均态和年际变率模拟效果的影响.结果显示,在两种边界条件下,模式均能较好的再现海温的年平均空间分布特征和季节循环特征.对比分析发现,...  相似文献   

Autogenic and allogenic denudation in carbonate karst by the multiple basin method: An example from Svartisen,North Norway     

Stein-Erik Lauritzen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(2):157-167

In carbonate karst basins, adequate denudation rates are difficult to estimate when there are allogenic inputs. It is shown that the common practice of correcting for allogenic input by Corbel's modified formula leads to erroneous results unless the karst ratio is very high. When choosing small basins that are subsets of each other, assumptions of hydrologic and lithologic uniformity may be satisfied. Then the autogenic and allogenic components of the denudation may be calculated by a linear model of uniform mixing. The model was tested in a subarctic stripe karst in North Norway, yielding an autogenic denudation rate of 32.5 ± 10.2 mm ka^?1. The mean annual runoff is 2600 mm. The result is supported by independent denudation rates from comparable areas, micro-erosion meter data as well as the total post-glacial corrosion deduced from pedestal and vein heights.  相似文献   

基于Argo 观测的太平洋温、盐度 分布与变化（2）：盐度     

张春玲  许建平 《海洋通报》2015,34(1):21-31

利用基于客观分析方法重构的Argo网格资料（未同化其他观测资料）,分析探讨了2004年1月-2011年12月期间太平洋海域（60°S-60°N、120°E-80°W）盐度气候态分布特征与变化规律。结果表明,分别位于南、北亚热带海域的两个高盐（北部约为35.2,南部为36.4左右）中心,呈马鞍形的双峰分布,对称中心不在赤道,而是偏北12个纬度;在南、北纬40°附近海域,盐度等值线十分密集,形成“极锋”;在新西兰东南海域存在低盐水由南向北的入侵现象,且由表层至1000 m深层终年存在。盐度在亚极地海域每年大致呈一高一低的周期性变化,亚北极海域更明显,最高盐度值出现在每年的4月份,最低盐度值则出现在每年的9月份,高低盐度差在0.30~0.45之间。表层以下,盐度的周期性变化远不如表层明显,至500 m中层,整个太平洋海域的盐度最大变幅不超过0.10。赤道海域的表层盐度在2007年和2010年分别有明显的异常减小,最大振幅约为0.8,年际变化周期约为3年;北副热带和亚北极海域的表层,盐度表现出3-6个月的年际振荡,振幅约为0.2;中层盐度几乎没有明显的异常变化。  相似文献