Submarine hydrothermal brine seeps off Milos, Greece. Observations and geochemistry     

M. f. Fitzsimons  P. R. Dando  J. A. Hughes  F. Thiermann  I. Akoumianaki  S. M. Pratt 《Marine Chemistry》1997,57(3-4)

A shallow hydrothermal brine seep located off the Greek island of Milos in the Aegean Sea was studied. The brine fluid outcropped as a pool of water in a seabed depression and was detected in the surrounding pore-waters of sediments colonised by the sulphur bacterium Achromatium volutans. The seep fluid was highly saline and sulphidic, depleted in Mg²⁺ and SO₄²⁻, but enriched over seawater in Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SiO₂, reduced species and dissolved gases. The high concentrations of Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and K⁺ were consistent with the Milos tectonic setting. Na-K and Na-K-Ca geothermometers predicted a reservoir temperature of 300–325 °C for the most concentrated seep samples. The deep geothermal reservoir within the metamorphic basement of Milos island has already been located and studied and may represent the source of the seep fluid. Faunal diversity was lowest in seep-influenced sediments, but a sulphide-intolerant species was found in areas of the bacterial mat where salinity and temperature were much lower. Pressure-induced variations in the vertical depth of the brine interface may be occurring in the sediment.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽海底热液喷出口附近海水中210Pb和210Po的行为   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨永亮  日下部正志  山本惠幸 《海洋学报》2001,23(6):59-75

讨论了在冲绳海槽伊平屋海岭和南奄西海丘两处海底热液喷出口附近海水中的铀系子体放射性核素210Pb和210Po浓度的垂直分布剖面.在伊平屋海岭,甲烷及222Rn的数据表明海底热液活动不强,总210Pb和210Po放射性均低于它们各自母体的放射性,210Pb和210Po在海水中的平均停留时间分别为20和2～5a,而在以“黑色烟雾”为特征的海底热液活动强烈的南奄西海丘,在”烟雾”中的总210Pb含量(0.167×10-3～2.50×10-3Bq/kg)相对其母体226Ra贫乏,而总210Po含量(1.83×10-3～2.83×10-3Bq/kg)则相对其母体210Pb过剩.该处海水中的210Po的放射性高于东海陆架区及冲绳海槽其他海区,并且显示了210Po过剩.210Pb/226Ra以及210Po/210Pb放射性比值的范围分别为0.1～0.4和1.1～7.8.在热液扩散带中210Pb被优先从海水中清除.控制南奄西海丘海水中210Pb浓度的可能机制涉及到210Pb通过扩散作用的横向输送.在热液扩散带中高210Po/210Pb放射性比值表明210Pb的耗尽及210Po从海底热液喷出口的加入.  相似文献   

Lipid Partitioning in the Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata     

Cathy E. Allen  Jon T. Copley  & Paul A. Tyler 《Marine Ecology》2001,22(3):241-253

Abstract. This study examines the composition and partitioning of lipids in the alvinocarid shrimp Rimicaris exoculata from Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents. Juveniles and adults at different stages of reproductive development were dissected into abdomen, branchial and ovary/hepatopancreas tissues. Each of these tissues was analysed for total lipid and lipid class composition, and fatty acids and fatty alcohols were identified using GC and GC-MS. Adult and juvenile shrimp differ in the partitioning of lipids between tissues. Juveniles store lipids in the abdomen as wax ester droplets and may use phosphatidyl choline as an additional reserve. Adult shrimp use triglycerides as an energy store, and triglycerides and polar lipids accumulate in ovary and hepatopancreas tissue during reproductive development. The wax ester storage droplets of juvenile shrimp contain high concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, which are photosynthetically-derived and thought to be important for reproductive development in crustaceans. These n-3 fatty acids are concentrated in the ovary and hepatopancreas of adults compared to other tissues. The n-3 fatty acid content of these adult tissues is well within that estimated for whole juvenile shrimp, supporting the hypothesis that the n-3 fatty acids putatively required for adult reproduction are stored from the juvenile stage.  相似文献   

Community structure in mussel beds at Logatchev hydrothermal vents and a comparison of macrofaunal species richness on slow- and fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C.L. Van Dover  & M.B. Doerries 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(2):110-120

Species lists for vent fields on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from 14°N to 38°N suggest that there is a northern (>27°N), shallow (<2000 m) fauna and a southern (<27°N), deeper (>3000 m) endemic vent fauna, but little is known about how community structure varies along the ridge axis. In this study, quantitative samples of macrofaunal invertebrates associated with mussels (Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis) were collected at Logatchev (14°45′N), the southern‐most explored vent field on the MAR. Community structure (including species composition, species richness, diversity, and relative species abundances) in mussel beds at Logatchev was compared with that of Snake Pit (23°22′N) and Lucky Strike (37°17′N) mussel beds. The most striking feature of the Logatchev mussel‐bed macrofaunal invertebrate community was the tremendous abundance (up to 2390 individuals per liter of mussel‐volume sampled) and biomass of the ophiuroid, Ophioctenella acies. Logatchev and Snake Pit mussel beds share >50% of their associated macrofaunal species; these two sites share only 20–25% of their macrofaunal species with Lucky Strike. Species–effort curves and univariate measures of diversity (H′, J′) do not support the claim that diversity of vent organisms on the MAR is highest at Logatchev, at least when one assesses this within a habitat type. Multivariate analysis readily differentiates the species‐abundance characteristics of Logatchev, Snake Pit, and Lucky Strike mussel‐bed macrofaunas. The relationship between sea‐floor spreading rate and diversity was explored through comparison of species richness in mussel‐bed habitats on slow‐spreading (MAR), fast‐spreading [northern East Pacific Rise (EPR)], and ultra‐fast‐spreading (southern EPR) mid‐ocean ridges. Species richness was greater in samples from the faster‐spreading ridge axes, where vents are more closely spaced but shorter lived, than on slow‐spreading centers, where vents are further apart but longer lived.  相似文献   

Shelf-slope exchanges by frontal variability in a steep submarine canyon     

A. Jordi  A. Orfila  G. Basterretxea  J. Tintor 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,66(2-4):120

We study the dynamics of a frontal jet and its short-timescale variability generated by the interaction with a submarine canyon using a limited-area fine-resolution three-dimensional coastal ocean model. The focus is on the steep and narrow Palamós Canyon located off the northeast Catalan coast (northwestern Mediterranean) that is characterized by the presence of a permanent along-slope density-driven current. First, we analyse the stationary circulation induced with different jet locations and show a deflection of the flow in the vicinity of the canyon. Significant vertical motions develop as a result of these current adjustments; the general pattern such as downwelling upstream of the canyon and upwelling downstream are always observed. Second, we analyse the circulation and exchanges associated with an onshore displacement of the jet; thus produces a meander propagating with the flow that interacts with the canyon. We find that the resulting three-dimensional patterns present an oscillation characterized by an intense downwelling followed by upwelling. As a result of this interaction, shelf-slope exchanges and vertical motions are enhanced in the area compared with the passing of a meander above a shelf that is not indented by a submarine canyon. The resulting horizontal transports through the Palamós canyon represent up to 10% of the along-shore fluxes on the shelf and appear to be sufficient to exchange the shelf water of the Gulf of Lions and Catalan sea in 2.5 years. Considering the number of canyons existing in the area, we can estimate an exchange of all the shelf waters in less than 3 months.  相似文献   

A conceptual design of an underwater missile launcher     

Carl T.F. Ross   《Ocean Engineering》2005,32(1):1281-99

The paper presents a conceptual design of an underwater missile launcher, which will be more difficult to detect by the enemy than conventional surface missile launchers which are currently being used.The paper suggests that the material of construction should be a composite and not a metal, as use of the latter for a large deep diving underwater vessel will result in such a structure sinking like a stone, due to the fact that it will have no reserve buoyancy. The paper also shows that composites have better sound absorption characteristics, thereby making the underwater structure difficult to detect through sonar equipment. It is proposed that this launcher should operate up to a depth of 5000 m, as at this depth, some 60% of the oceans' bottoms can be reached.The author shows that current technology can be used to construct and operate such a vessel.  相似文献   

新疆东天山土墩铜镍硫化物矿床中铂的赋存形式及其地质意义     

王伟  王敏芳  郭忠  等 《江苏地质》2016,40(1):85-96

土墩铜镍矿床位于东天山黄山—镜儿泉铜镍成矿带的西端,具有较好的铜、镍资源前景。铜镍矿石中主要金属矿物为黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、磁铁矿以及黄铁矿等。在详细研究土墩铜镍矿床成矿地质背景的基础上,通过对土墩铜镍矿床中浸染状矿石和块状矿石中主要金属矿物进行电子探针原位测试发现,金属矿物中Pt含量较高,范围在490~2 450 g/t之间,平均为1 713 g/t,而Pd含量则较低。进一步研究Pt的赋存形式及矿石中伴生元素Co、Se、Ag、Sb等的元素地球化学特征,结果表明,晚期成矿热液对早期镍黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的交代使Pt常发生扩散交代作用,这种热液改造作用对贵金属元素的活化和再富集具有重要意义。此外,土墩铜镍矿床中具有高Se含量、较低S/Se比值以及高R因子值的矿段是极有可能形成铂族元素(PGE)的矿化富集带。  相似文献   

Sulfur Isotope Tracing of Ore-forming Hydrothermal Fluid for Metallic Sulfide Deposit     

Wang Yunfeng  Yang Hongmei 《地球科学进展》2016,31(6):595-602

How to utilize sulfur isotope for many domestic and foreign researchers to trace the sulfur source of metallic sulfide deposit has been explored for many years. Fruitful results have been gained now. Based on summing up the characteristics of sulfur isotopic composition of hydrothermal mineral from metallic sulfide deposits, this paper illuminated the total sulfur isotopic composition of ore-forming fluids is the key factor in estimating the sulfur source. This paper also summarized three approaches about how to obtain the total sulfur isotopic composition (δ³⁴S_∑S) of ore-forming fluids. They are physical-chemical equilibrium analysis, mineral paragenetic association analysis and Pinckey-Rafter, respectively. We gave some applied examples and made a brief comment of them as well. There are three points worth noting. Firstly, choosing appropriate approach is a critical factor to acquire the δ³⁴S_∑S successfully according to the characteristics of different types of metallic sulfide deposit. Secondly, currently, these above mentioned approaches and applications are effective after the establishment of equilibrium state of sulfur isotope. As to the sulfur isotopic disequilibrium condition in metallic sulfide deposits probably resulted from lower temperature or rapid emplacement, there are quite some problems in theory and technique. Therefore, an in-depth study should also be continued. Thirdly, it is a new development trend to study isotope composition of different forms of sulfur and to discuss their source, forming environment and process respectively, which is probably more effective and significant for tracing sulfur sources of metallic sulfide deposits.  相似文献   

老挝班康姆铜金矿床地质特征及找矿方向     

史琪  赵延朋  迟占东  康铁锁  胡远档 《矿产与地质》2016,(4):568-572

老挝班康姆铜金矿位于老挝西北部,受琅勃拉邦断裂带影响,在本区发育一系列次级断裂,矿体受NE―NNE向韧脆性剪切带控制,本文通过综合分析班康姆铜金矿床成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征、围岩蚀变特征及矿床成因等,认为班康姆铜金矿为构造热液叠加改造型矿床,具有较大的找矿潜力,并提出了对本区该类型金矿的找矿方向。  相似文献   

西藏邦铺斑岩钼(铜)矿床钾硅酸盐化热液黑云母电子探针分析及早期成矿流体特征     

王勇  唐菊兴  王立强 《岩矿测试》2016,35(4):440-447

热液黑云母的化学组成对于揭示早期成矿流体的物理化学性质和流体演化过程具有重要意义。邦铺矿床是冈底斯成矿带东段一个大型的斑岩型钼(铜)矿床,其钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内热液黑云母广泛发育,本文对采自该矿床闪长玢岩钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内的热液黑云母进行了电子探针分析。结果表明,热液黑云母的SiO_2、TiO_2、Al_2O_3、FeO~T、MgO和K_2O等主要氧化物的平均含量为38.95%、1.42%、13.55%、14.22%、16.23%和9.77%,具有明显的高镁低铁、高钾低钠钙等特征,且异常高的K/Na值(82.5)可能是指示斑岩型钼矿化的重要指标。依据化学组成估算热液黑云母结晶时流体的氧逸度和温度,显示钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内早期成矿流体具有高温、高氧逸度特征,且深部流体平均温度(458℃)明显高于浅部流体(366℃),成矿流体从深部向浅部运移的过程中,温度和压力逐渐降低,导致钼、铜硫化物从流体中析出从而成矿。该成果为进一步研究矿床成矿流体的演化和成矿机制提供了重要线索。  相似文献