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41.
利用中国气象局整编的1949~2003年的热带气旋资料和美国国家环境预报中心的海表温度(SST)最优插值资料,应用EOF分解和概率分析等方法,分析了黄海、渤海登陆热带气旋个例所处环境场中的海温的空间和时间分布规律,计算得到该类热带气旋在黄海、渤海区达到最大可能强度(MPI)的概率分布。结果显示,在黄海、渤海海区的较强的(>1℃)SST正距平中心和渤海北部海域的SST正距平区是黄海、渤海登陆TC出现北行路径必要条件。所有TC个例过程发生之前均有一个黄海、渤海关键区SST距平上升过程,只有30%的TC达到MPI一半,只有1%的TC可能达到MPI的4/5。 相似文献
42.
2017年西北太平洋和南海热带气旋预报精度评定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的最佳路径数据集为依据,对2017年西北太平洋和南海海域热带气旋定位精度及路径、强度和登陆点预报精度进行了评定。评定结果表明:2017年定位总平均误差为26.7 km,比2016年略偏大。无论是主观预报还是客观预报方法,近两年在72 h以内的路径预报整体水平并没有超越2015年。2017年,中央气象台除了对台风纳沙在台湾宜兰的24 h登陆点预报较差外,其余台风的24 h登陆点预报误差基本在65 km以下。采用不同机构的最佳路径或实时定位定强数据作为参考会对精度评定的结果产生较大影响。 相似文献
43.
西北太平洋热带气旋移动方向变化异常的环流特征 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
基于中国气象局和上海台风研究所整编的1972-2011年热带气旋(TC)best-track资料,采用极端天气气候事件定义的百分位法确定TC移动方向异常变化的阈值,利用Lanczos滤波法将大气环流分解成为季节内振荡(MJO)、准两周振荡(QBW)和天气3种尺度环流场,研究这3种尺度环流对热带气旋在南海地区异常北折的影响。结果表明:近40 a的资料统计显示,热带气旋12 h内移向逆时针方向偏转50°以及顺时针方向偏转47°为TC移动方向变化的95%分位数值,将12 h移动方向变化大于该数值的TC定义为移动方向变化异常。TC异常路径平均每年发生2.68次,9月份发生的概率最大,约为7%,最常发生在南海海域。分析3个发生在南海地区热带气旋异常北折的引导气流发现,在TC转向前,向西的引导气流纬向速度减慢,经向分量先向南加速,随后突然转为向北加速。天气尺度对应的引导气流对TC异常右偏影响最为明显,对流层中高层热带气旋中心东南侧强天气尺度西南气流引导TC异常右偏。 相似文献
44.
2009年西北太平洋热带气旋定位和业务预报精度评定 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
依据《台风业务和服务规定》分析2009年热带气旋(TC)业务定位和业务预报精度,主要包括:6个方法的定位精度,12个综合预报方法、3个客观预报方法和6个数值预报方法的路径预报精度,以及4个方法的强度(近中心最大风速,下同)预报精度评定。结果表明:各方法的平均定位误差均小于21 km,平均17.1 km,较2008年有所改进。国内综合预报方法的24小时、48小时和72小时路径预报的平均距离误差分别为115.8 km、217.5 km和357.1 km,与2008年相比有所偏大;客观预报方法略优于综合预报方法,24小时和48小时预报的平均距离误差分别为113.0 km和211.4 km;4个官方综合预报方法比较发现,中央气象台对我国近海海域的TC路径预报具有明显优势。强度预报仍然以统计方法为主,2009年24小时和48小时近中心最大风速预报的平均误差分别为4.90 m·s~(-1)和7.43 m·s~(-1),相比近10年的平均水平,预报性能没有明显提高。 相似文献
45.
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47.
In the first paper in this series, a variational data assimilation of ideal tropical cyclone (TC) tracks was performed for the statistical-dynamical prediction model SD-90 by the adjoint method, and a prediction of TC tracks was made with good accuracy for tracks containing no sharp turns. In the present paper, the cases of real TC tracks are studied. Due to the complexity of TC motion, attention is paid to the diagnostic research of TC motion. First, five TC tracks are studied. Using the data of each entire TC track, by the adjoint method, five TC tracks are fitted well, and the forces acting on the TCs are retrieved. For a given TC, the distribution of the resultant of the retrieved force and Coriolis force well matches the corresponding TC track, i.e., when a TC turns, the resultant of the retrieved force and Coriolis force acts as a centripetal force, which means that the TC indeed moves like a particle; in particular, for TC 9911, the clockwise looping motion is also fitted well. And the distribution of the resultant appears to be periodic in some cases. Then, the present method is carried out for a portion of the track data for TC 9804, which indicates that when the amount of data for a TC track is sufficient, the algorithm is stable. And finally, the same algorithm is implemented for TCs with a double-eyewall structure, namely Bilis (2000) and Winnie (1997), and the results prove the applicability of the algorithm to TCs with complicated mesoscale structures if the TC track data are obtained every three hours. 相似文献
48.
In the first paper in this series, a variational data assimilation of ideal tropical cyclone (TC) tracks was performed for the statistical-dynamical prediction model SD-90 by the adjoint method, and a prediction of TC tracks was made with good accuracy for tracks containing no sharp turns. In the present paper, the cases of real TC tracks are studied. Due to the complexity of TC motion, attention is paid to the diagnostic research of TC motion. First, five TC tracks are studied. Using the data of each entire TC track, by the adjoint method, five TC tracks are fitted well, and the forces acting on the TCs are retrieved. For a given TC, the distribution of the resultant of the retrieved force and Coriolis force well matches the corresponding TC track, i.e., when a TC turns, the resultant of the retrieved force and Coriolis force acts as a centripetal force, which means that the TC indeed moves like a particle; in particular, for TC 9911, the clockwise looping motion is also fitted well. And the distribution of the resultant appears to be periodic in some cases. Then, the present method is carried out for a portion of the track data for TC 9804, which indicates that when the amount of data for a TC track is sufficient, the algorithm is stable. And finally, the same algorithm is implemented for TCs with a double-eyewall structure, namely Bilis (2000) and Winnie (1997), and the results prove the applicability of the algorithm to TCs with complicated mesoscale structures if the TC track data are obtained every three hours. 相似文献
49.
A Statistical Analysis on the Effect of Vertical Wind Shear on Tropical Cyclone Development 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Using tropical cyclone (TC) best track and intensity of the western North Pacific data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the United States and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1992-2002, the effects of vertical wind shear on TC intensity are examined. The samples were limited to the westward or northwestward moving TCs between 5°N and 20°N in order to minimize thermodynamic effects. It is found that the effect of vertical wind shear between 200 and 500 hPa on TC intensity change is larger than that of the shear between 500 and 850 hPa, while similar to that of the shear between 200 and 850 hPa. Vertical wind shear may have a threshold value, which tends to decrease as TC intensifies. As the intensifying rate of TC weakens, the average shear increases. The large shear has the obvious trend of inhibiting TC development. The average shear of TC which can develop into typhoon (tropical depression or tropical storm) is below 7 m s-1 (above 8 m s-1). 相似文献
50.
In the context of a model of tropical cyclone intensity based on an improved meso-scale atmospheric model, numerical simulation is performed of the track and intensity variation of tropical cyclones(TC) arising from sea surface temperature(SST) variation over a specified sea region. Evidence suggests that the model is capable of modeling quite welt the track and intensity of TC:SST variation leads to an abrupt change in the cyclone intensity:the response of the cyclone to the abrupt SST change lasts 8-12 h. 相似文献