Estimation of maximum scour depth around bridge piers under ice-covered conditions using data-driven methods     

Hosein Nezaratian  Amin Hassanjabbar  Peng Wu 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(2):191-202

The scouring around bridge foundations is a significant concern in civil engineering. Several research has been conducted experimentally and numerically to study the maximum scour depth around the foundations of a bridge in open channel conditions. In cold regions, where ice forms on lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, the interaction between ice and hydraulic structures is further complicated. The flow distribution varies significantly leading to deeper and larger scouring around bridge foundations....  相似文献   

川东地区古生界主要泥页岩最高古温度特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曹环宇  朱传庆  邱楠生 《地球物理学报》2016,59(3):1017-1029

泥页岩的热演化过程与其经历的古温度史相关,最高古温度决定它的最终热演化程度.本文利用古温标方法恢复了川东地区古生界主要泥页岩层系经历的最高古温度.研究结果表明,它们在距今80—90Ma时达到最高古温度,龙潭组顶面最高古温度150~220℃,龙潭组底面最高古温度160~230℃,龙马溪组顶面最高古温度160~250℃,五峰组底面最高古温度170~260℃,筇竹寺组顶面最高古温度210~320℃,筇竹寺组底面最高古温度210~320℃.各层最高古温度平面展布特征相似,最高温出现在涪陵—丰都一带,向南与向北温度均呈降低趋势,在达州—开江一带局部出现较高温.此外,结合川东地区古热流史分析认为,川东古生界泥页岩热演化过程具有阶段性,现今处于高-过成熟状态,达到最高古温度后生烃作用停止.川东地区经历较高的最高古温度随后快速抬升剥蚀有利于页岩气的成烃与成藏.  相似文献   

Experiments on the effect of inflow and outflow sequences on suspended sediment exchange rates     

Michael M&#;ller  Giovanni De Cesare  Anton J. Schleiss 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(2)

In laboratory experiments, the influence of inflow and outflow sequences on the behavior of fine sedi-ment was investigated. The experimental set-up consisted of two interconnected rectangular basins, between which water was moved back and forth. Suspended sediment concentration in the main basin as well as the sediment exchange rates were derived from turbidity measurements.The suspended sediment ratio, SSR, and sediment exchange rates (influx sediment rate, ISR, and evacuated sediment rate, ESR) were measured. In twenty test runs, a parametric study on the magnitude and frequency of inflow and outflow cycles, the relative duration between inflow and outflow sequences, the initial sediment concentration, and the intake position was done. An initial test with stagnant water described the set-tling behavior of fine sediment and served as a reference scenario.The test results show that settling of fine particles near the intake/outlet structure can be considerably reduced by the nature of the inflow and outflow sequences. High cycle magnitude and frequency lead to maximum suspended sediment ratio in the system. For low discharges, the evolution of suspended sediment concentration cannot be directly correlated to the inflow and outflow cycles. However, compared to"no operation"conditions, the suspended sediment ratio could be increased by 10%to 40%locally. For high discharge, the evolution of suspended sediment concentration correlated with discharge cycles and suspended sediment ratios between 50%and 80%higher than for stagnant water could be achieved. Similar ratios could be obtained when the intake is located closer to the bottom or to the free water surface.Meanwhile, the overall sediment balance remained in equilibrium over the test period, indicating that the influx and evacuated sediment rates are not significantly influenced by the inflow and outflow cycles.  相似文献   

基于动态图像变形的PP与PS波层位直接匹配   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

蒋雪珍  芦俊  王赟 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):1106-1117

多分量地震资料的矢量偏移、多波地震资料的联合解释与反演均需要估算纵横波的速度比,实现纵波与转换横波在时间或深度域的匹配.基于DTW,本文实现了一种适用于PP与PS波直接匹配的动态图像变形算法.该算法分为三个部分:首先,使用二阶对称动态规划算法逐样点递归计算PP与PS波走时或深度的误差累积和;其次,在以误差累积和为目标函数的回溯阶段设定变形窗,并在纵横波速比约束的变形窗内递归回溯搜索匹配路径;最后,根据最大相关系数判定准则在匹配路径中确定最佳匹配路径,获得使PP与PS波匹配的拉伸或压缩时移量.利用所获得的拉伸压缩时移量计算纵横波速度比就可以实现PP与PS波之间的匹配.模型与实际陆上多分量地震资料测试结果表明:该方法具有较高的匹配精度,且对于信噪比、相似度较低的多分量地震资料,该方法也能产生较好的匹配效果.  相似文献   

生成模型学习的遥感影像半监督分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任广波  张杰  马毅  郑荣儿 《遥感学报》2010,14(6):1097-1110

以生成模型最大似然估计为例,引入结合已标记样本和未标记样本的半监督分类方法来解决遥感影像分类中的小样本问题,应用已有的少量已标记样本初始化一个分类器,结合大量未标记样本,通过递归计算的方式对分类器进行优化,直到包含所有样本的似然函数收敛到局部极大值。通过分析遥感影像待分类类别与影像中地物类型固有特征之间的关系,设计两个在不同生成模型假设下的分类实验。结果表明,未标记样本的参与可在很大程度上提高小样本条件下的影像分类精度,但两种样本的数量应保持一个适当的比例。最后通过与在解决小样本分类问题方面有独特优势的SVM方法的分类比较,发现在小样本情况下,本文方法具有更好的应用潜力。  相似文献   

第四次国际古气候模拟比较计划（PMIP4）概况与评述     

郑伟鹏  满文敏  孙咏  栾贻花 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):510-518

古气候模拟比较计划（PMIP）是古气候数值模拟领域一项重大的国际合作研究计划,其主旨是为古气候模拟和模拟结果评估提供一个协调机制,理解过去气候变化的物理机制和气候反馈的重要作用,为未来气候预估提供科学依据。同时,通过对比分析验证模式的模拟性能,探索其不确定性,促进耦合气候系统模式的发展。PMIP目前进行到第四阶段（PMIP4)。PMIP4进一步加强了与第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的协作,选取了5组共同关注的PMIP4-CMIP6古气候模拟试验（中全新世、末次盛冰期、过去千年、末次间冰期和上新世暖期),考察气候系统对不同气候背景的综合响应。除此以外,PMIP4还设计了众多敏感性试验研究不同外强迫因子的影响。PMIP4模拟试验不仅为古气候研究提供大量的模拟数据,还将服务于CMIP6及其他众多模式比较计划。  相似文献   

水体浊度对风速、风向及其时间累积效应的响应——以太湖贡湖湾为例     

赵巧华  陈诗祺  陈纾杨 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1587-1598

水体浊度是影响水下光场及营养盐循环的关键要素之一,其变化过程与水生生态环境演变关系密切.基于2015-2016年7个时段于太湖贡湖湾内外的金墅和上山村两站点的水体浊度及东山气象站的逐时风场数据,利用分位统计等方法,探讨了风速、风向及时间累积效应对水体浊度的影响.结果表明：在以风场驱动为主要动力来源的大型浅水湖泊中,春、秋两季水体浊度的变化频率高于夏、冬两季,且春季变率更为突出;冬季风场和水体浊度的变率均较夏季明显.风场（包括风速、风向及其累积时间）是影响水体浊度变化的关键因素.其中风速是主要决定性因子;风向对水体浊度有较明显的影响,其通过对风速效应的修正进而影响水体浊度,该修正作用可用三角函数表征;水体浊度变化同时还受前期风场累积的影响,其前期时间累积效应的有效时段为2~10 h.该研究给出了风速、风向及风场累积效应的耦合对水体浊度的影响模型,有助于弄清风场对水体浊度变化的影响机制.  相似文献   

京西北地区地应变观测与小震震源机制解一致性研究     

茅远哲  曹筠  高晨  冯向东  王晓山 《中国地震》2019,35(4):709-717

以京西北地区作为研究区域,采用应变参数方法解算定点地应变观测数据,将所得应变参数时间序列作为研究对象,利用该结果与研究区内同期小震震源机制解进行一致性分析,研究得出呈拉张性质的定点观测最大主应变方位与震源机制解最大拉张变形方向（T轴）水平投影具有良好的对应性,整体以NNW—NE向为主,且自西向东排布的测点最大主应变方位与震源机制解最大拉张变形方向均表现为逐渐东向偏移的趋势,与华北平原块体北部发生顺时针旋转活动的特征相吻合,结果进一步检验了地应变观测反映区域应变场信息的能力。  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of lock-exchange gravity/turbidity currents by a high-order upwinding combined compact difference scheme     

Liang Zhao  Ching-Hao Yu  Zhiguo He 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(3):240-250

This study presents two-dimensional direct numerical simulations for sediment-laden current with higher density propagating forward through a lighter ambient water.The incompressible NavierStokes equations including the buoyancy force for the density difference between the light and heavy fluids are solved by a finite difference scheme based on a structured mesh.The concentration transport equations are used to explore such rich transport phenomena as gravity and turbidity currents.Within the framework of an Upwinding Combined Compact finite Difference(UCCD)scheme,rigorous determination of weighting coefficients underlies the modified equation analysis and the minimization of the numerical modified wavenumber.This sixth-order UCCD scheme is implemented in a four-point grid stencil to approximate advection and diffusion terms in the concentration transport equations and the first-order derivative terms in the Navier-Stokes equations,which can greatly enhance convective stability and increase dispersive accuracy at the same time.The initial discontinuous concentration field is smoothed by solving a newly proposed Heaviside function to prevent numerical instabilities and unreasonable concentration values.A two-step projection method is then applied to obtain the velocity field.The numerical algorithm shows a satisfying ability to capture the generation,development,and dissipation of the Kelvin-Helmholz instabilities and turbulent billows at the interface between the current and the ambient fluid.The simulation results also are compared with the data in published literatures and good agreements are found to prove that the present numerical model can well reproduce the propagation,particle deposition,and mixing processes of lock-exchange gravity and turbidity currents.  相似文献   

Satellite-based monitoring of contrasting characteristics of suspended sediment discharged from the Red and the Ma river systems along the northern coast of Vietnam     

Yoshimitsu Tajima  Kavinda Gunasekara  Hung Thanh Nguyen 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(3):191-204

The northern coast of Vietnam has accumulated a significant amount of sediment discharged from the multiple distributaries of rivers such as the Red River and Ma River.While recent decreases of the sediment supply appears to have a significant impact on coastal erosion,the complex network of these distributaries makes it difficult to determine the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of sediment discharges and related topographic changes.The goal of the current study is to develop a satellite-based monitoring system for observation of turbidity discharged from the multiple rivers and to investigate the applicability of the developed monitoring system through a case study on the northern coast of Vietnam.Based on the in-situ observed data,a formulawas determined for estimation of the surface water turbidity as a function of the red band reflectance of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)images.The formula was then combined with a newly determined threshold for cloud-masking to obtain maps of the nearshore turbidity patterns.These maps capture the spatiotemporal water surface turbidity along the entire coast of the Red River Delta and the coast around theMa River mouth over the past sixteen years with frequency of twice a day.Finally,long-term trends of the turbidity patterns from multiple rivers were compared with the in-situ observation data and it was found that the Red River and the Ma River showed clearly contrasting characteristics,which reasonably explain the recent coastal shoreline changes and characteristics of sediment sampled along the coast.  相似文献