Determination of nitrate in the blood of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila using a bacterial nitrate reduction assay     

Mark A. Pospesel  Ute Hentschel  Horst Felbeck 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1998,45(12):2189-2200

The vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila derives most or all of its nutrition from intracellular chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts. Because purified preparations of symbionts respire nitrate, possibly nitrite, and oxygen, host transport of nitrate is a topic of interest. In the present study, we have developed a nitrate detection assay that utilizes a nitrite reductase-deficient Escherichia coli strain for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, which is then determined spectrophotometrically. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured in the blood and coelomic fluids of R. pachyptila collected from hydrothermal vent sites at 9°N and 13°N. The blood was shown to have nitrate concentrations up to one hundred times that of ambient sea water (40 μM). Blood nitrate levels reached concentrations of>1 mM, while nitrite was measured in the range of 400-700 μM. The concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in the coelomic fluids were 150-240 μM and <20 μM, respectively. The nitrate determination technique we present here is simple, applicable for laboratory and shipboard use on sea water or biological fluids, and works reliably within the 0.5 to 2000 μM range.  相似文献   

养殖密度对陆基工厂化循环水养殖系统中大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长和胁迫反应的影响研究     

刘宝良  贾瑞  赵奎峰  王国文  雷霁霖  黄滨 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(10):31-38

Stocking density is widely recognized as a critical factor in aquaculture and a potential source of long-term stress.The influence of stocking density on growth and stress response of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus, ~3–75g, initial to final weight) was examined in fish held under low(LD, ~0.21–5.31 kg/m~2, initial to final density),medium(MD, ~0.42–10.81 kg/m~2) and high stocking density(HD, ~0.63–14.27 kg/m~2) for 120 days in a recirculating aquaculture system(RAS). In this trial, the growth curve for weight of juvenile turbot in RAS, all fitted by the Schnute model. No significant difference was found in growth performance among the three densities until at the final sampling(Day 120). The final weight and body weight increase(BWI) in the HD group were significantly lower than in other groups(P0.05, weight:(75.83±2.49) g,(75.39±2.08) g,(65.72±2.86) g and BWI:(2 436.12±28.10)%,(2 421.29±4.64)%,(2 097.88±20.99)% in LD, MD and HD groups, respectively). Similarly, the specific growth rate(SGR), feed conversion ratio(FCR) and coefficient of variation for weight(CV_w) were adversely affected by high stocking density(P0.05). However, there was no difference in survival and Fulton's condition factor(K) of turbot among the different groups. Physiological analyses demonstrated a clear increase in the plasma cortisol level and an obvious decrease in growth hormone(GH) concentration in the HD group on Day120(P0.05). There was no significant effect of stocking density on plasma glucose, Cl– and protein levels. All these findings would provide a reference for selecting the optimal stocking density of juvenile turbot in RAS.  相似文献   

养殖水体中氨氮对大菱鲆的急性毒性效应研究     

李之乡  王伟继  胡玉龙  吕丁  吴欢欢  栾生  孔杰 《海洋科学》2017,41(10):109-116

为了评估大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)耐氨氮性状的遗传参数和为循环水养殖大菱鲆提供科学指导,作者研究了养殖海水中氨氮对4月龄和8月龄大菱鲆的急性毒性效应,同时对比了氨氮对白化和正常个体、雌性和雄性个体的急性毒性效应差别。结果表明:非离子氨对4月龄大菱鲆的24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为2.19、1.94、1.80、1.72 mg/L,对8月龄大菱鲆的24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为3.64、3.02、2.93、2.86 mg/L,非离子氨对4月龄和8月龄大菱鲆的安全质量浓度分别为0.17和0.29 mg/L;氨氮对白化和正常大菱鲆以及雌性和雄性大菱鲆的急性毒性效应均没有显著性差异,研究结果为进一步选育大菱鲆的耐氨氮品系提供科学依据。  相似文献   

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育研究   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31       下载免费PDF全文

雷霁霖  马爱军  刘新富  门强 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(1):9-18

采用体视镜对大菱鲆胚胎期发育全过程进行连续观察，研究其胚胎正常发育特征，并继续对胚后期的仔、、幼鱼发育阶段采用测量、手绘、照相等方法进行形态学与生态学研究。结果表明，大菱鲆胚胎发育与其他硬骨鱼浮性卵鱼类基本相似，属端黄卵，盘状分裂。在水温13℃条件下，约经116h完成孵化。胚后仔、稚、幼鱼阶段，体背部色素逐步增深，鱼体逐渐由透明变为不透明，由两介对称变为不对称。3日龄仔鱼开口；1－9日龄仔鱼，体色呈红色，称之为“红苗”；10－24日龄，黑色素增多，称之为“黑苗”；25日龄以上，体披大量花状色素，称之为“花苗”，由此鱼体变宽，右眼开始上升；30日龄苗，右眼已上移至头顶背部；35－38日龄苗，右眼已完全转移至左侧，变态完成而达鲆鲽类所特有的形态、生态和生理状态；60－90日龄苗，背部正常体色为沙色（sand color)，全长已达50-60mm，可以作为商品苗出售。上述研究资料对于大菱鲆生产性育苗工艺的建立和操作管理均具有非常重要的意义。  相似文献   

大菱鲆营养需求与饲料研究进展   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

马爱军  雷霁霖  陈四清  张秀梅 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(4):450-459

大菱鲆是欧洲沿海的特有名贵鱼类之一，于1992年引入我国，目前已发展成为我国北方的一个主养品种，取得了巨大的经济和社会效益，被视为我国海水养殖的一个新的经济增长点。本文中总结了近年来国内外有关大菱鲆营养与饲料方面的研究报道，结果表明，大菱鲆对蛋白质有很高的营养需求，饲料中蛋白质的含量对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长起着重要的作用，对鱼体的增重方面影响极显著，对配合饲料的转换率影响显著。脂肪可以促进大菱鲆蛋白质的转化利用，从而达到节约饲料蛋白质的目的。饲料中的脂肪酸对大菱鲆特别是其仔稚鱼的生长很重要。目前国际上大菱鲆的饲料配制水平差别较大，研究认为大菱鲆配合饲料中适宜的蛋白质含量为42％以上，脂肪含量为12％以上。随着大菱鲆对各种营养参数的研究完善后，必将会提高饲料的配制水平。展望了大菱鲆营养需求与配合饲料的研究前景和发展方向。  相似文献   

饲育密度对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)生长、饲料转化率及色素的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

马爱军  陈超  雷霁霖  陈四清  庄志猛  王印庚 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(3):207-212

采用统计学方法研究大菱鲆幼鱼饲育密度对其生长、白化鱼色素改善及饲料转化率的影响。设计了5组不同养殖密度，初始养殖密度分别为0．28、0．87、1．12、1．16、2．75kg/m^2，研究结束时养殖密度分别为1．91、6．31、8．86、11．97、17．67kg/m^2。结果表明，在同等实验条件下，低密度养殖范围内，大菱鲆幼鱼生长与密度呈正相关，而当种群达到一定密度(即高密度)时，生长与密度呈负相关。各实验组的SGR值分别为3．189、3．304、3．447、3．341、3．087。各实验组体重分布的均匀性随密度增加而下降。不同实验组饲料转化率不同，饲料转化率与密度呈负相关，高密度影响大菱鲆的生长，也降低饲料的转化率。实验组1，饲料转化率最高，饲料系数为0．95；实验组5，饲料系数为1．25。高养殖密度抑制了大菱鲆的生长，也增加了饲料系数。在白化鱼色素改善方面，不同饲育密度对色素的改善也略有不同，改善程度与密度呈负相关。  相似文献   

牛蒡寡糖对大菱鲆生长和免疫机能的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郝林华  孙丕喜  石红旗  陈靠山 《海洋科学进展》2007,25(2):208-214

将自主研发的牛蒡寡糖作为添加剂添加到大菱鲆的基础饲料中,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maxi-mus)的生长和免疫机能的影响。经过60 d不同剂量(1.0%,2.0%,4.0%,6.0%)的饲喂试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和血清中ACP,AKP,LSZ,SOD和PO等多种免疫相关酶的活力以及血液中白细胞的吞噬活性。结果表明,牛蒡寡糖作为一种非特异性免疫调节剂对大菱鲆表现出优良的促生长作用,还能显著提高大菱鲆的免疫相关酶活力和白细胞的吞噬活性,从而提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫力,其适宜添加量为4.0%。牛蒡寡糖可以开发成为水产动物的促生长剂和免疫增强剂。  相似文献   

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)耐高温品系选育及耐温性能评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马爱军  黄智慧  王新安  郭黎  雷霁霖  杨志  曲江波 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4):797-804

采用家系选育方法,进行了大菱鲆耐高温性状选育研究,对两代家系耐温性能进行测定,并利用bCOX回归分析了各家系的耐温性优势比。结果表明:各家系耐温性差异达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且耐高温能力的优势比也存在显著差异,这反映出在大菱鲆耐高温选育中家系选择的高效性;经过一代选育,获得4个耐高温家系,并据此构建选育二代家系。耐温性能评估,选育二代比一代有显著提高,在27℃高温条件下,选育一代的平均死亡率为49%,选育二代的平均死亡率为10.26%;28℃条件下,选育二代耐高温子代的平均死亡率为32.83%,对照组的平均死亡率为88.9%;经过筛选后,选育二代的耐温性比选育一代提高了1—2℃左右。  相似文献   

Morphological comparison between a selected fast-growing strain and the common cultured strain of turbot Scophthalmus maximus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁兴明  马爱军  王新安  李娟  黄智慧  商晓梅 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):563-568

To evaluate the effect of genetic improvement of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus, we analyzed morphological differences between a fast-growing strain obtained by family selection and the common cultured strain, by principal component analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis, and t-tests. Although they clearly differed morphologically, plots of the principal components of the two strains partially overlapped. However, the difference between the strains was supported with very high precision by discriminant analysis. The t-tests revealed that 4 of the 13 morphological traits analyzed were highly significantly different (P<0.01), 4 traits also differed significantly (P<0.05), and the remainder did not differ significantly. The coefficients of difference of the 13 traits were all lower than the threshold value between subspecies (1.28). Together, the results indicate that a trend for segregation of characters from the common cultured strain have already appeared in the selected fast-growing strain but the degree of segregation have not risen to subspecies level.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and tissue behavior of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in turbot Scophthalmus maximus at two water temperatures     

����ƽ  �  �Է���  ��Ƽ  ��־ǿ 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):644-653

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus, an important aquaculture species in China, currently suffers from epizootic diseases because of high density aquaculture. Enrofloxacin has been used to treat various systemic bacterial fish infections. However, studies concerning the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in turbot are limited. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin, were investigated in the turbot following intravenous and oral administration at 10 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight, at 16°C and 10°C water temperatures. The concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the main tissues (plasma, muscle, liver and kidney) were detected by HPLC. The results show that the plasma concentration-time data for enrofloxacin were best described as a two-compartment open model after intravenous and oral administration. Three pharmacokinetic equations were established between the concentrations and temperatures. The kinetic profile of enrofloxacin was temperature dependent. The absorption half-life of enrofloxacin was 1.99 h and 2.17 h after oral administration, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 98.63 h and 136.59 h at 16°C and 10°C, respectively. The peak concentration of enrofloxacin in plasma and tissues was higher at 16°C than that at 10°C, and the peak plasma concentration time in the liver was the shortest at both temperatures among those of other tissues. The plasma C max /MIC ratio varied between 11.08 and 5 540.00 at 16°C; and between 7.92 and 3 960.00 at 10°C. The AUC/MIC ratio was 467.82-280 690.00 at 16°C, and 359.48-215 690.00 at 10°C. These ratios indicate that it is possible to obtain therapeutic efficacy. Very low levels of ciprofloxacin were detected. The AUC ratios of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in plasma suggest that plasma ciprofloxacin might play a minor role in enrofloxacin treatment for turbot.  相似文献