红辉沸石的热稳定性研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

申少华  李爱玲  王大伟  张术根 《矿产与地质》2002,16(6):353-356

红辉沸石是辉沸石族中的一个矿物种 ,属斜方晶系。其化学组成主要为 Si O2 和 Al2 O3,其次为 Ca O。 X射线衍射分析和红外光谱分析研究不同温度下热处理的红辉沸石相变和晶体结构变化特征。研究表明 ,红辉沸石的热稳定性较差 ,其热稳定温度低于 30 0℃ ,结构完全破坏温度为 5 0 0℃。  相似文献   

我国部分含油气盆地中混层I／M的X射线衍射分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄思静 《矿物学报》1992,12(3):267-273

本文以我国部分含油气盆地中的混层I/M为例,论述了混层I/M的X射线衍射特征。解释了空气自然干燥和经乙二醇饱和的定向薄膜片X射线衍射图中,各反射所代表的面网复合类型,澄清了目前鉴定中的一些不明确观念。  相似文献   

由伊利石结晶度研究桂西右江地区区域极低级变质作用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

燕守勋  王志刚  黄永权 《地质科学》2003,38(1):107-113

运用伊利石结晶度Kübler指数将桂西右江地区下三叠统罗楼群和中三叠统百逢组下段划归为浅层变质带(K.I△2θ°为0.22～0.25);将中三叠统百逢组上段和河口组划归为近变质带,中三叠统百逢组上段为高级近变质带(K.I△2θ°为0.26～0.33);中三叠统上部河口组为低级近变质带(K.I△2θ°为0.38～0.40),不排除局部为成岩带的可能.地层柱自下向上,伊利石结晶度Kübler指数由小变大,变质程度由高变低,而且,变质作用级别与岩层在地层柱中位置协调以及变质带边界与地层界线趋于一致,证明为区域埋藏极低级变质作用.凌云明山金矿区剖面矿体和百逢组各层段伊利石结晶度Kübler指数为0.42～0.50,属成岩带,且没有明显时空变化规律.  相似文献   

黄铁矿风化表面高含量的碳:微生物活动的证据     

卢龙  王汝成  薛纪越  陈繁荣  陆建军 《矿物岩石》2003,23(4):34-37

位于尾矿或废石堆中的黄铁矿，其表面的碳常有3种来源：(1)吸附的CO2，(2)沉淀的碳酸盐矿物或吸附的[CO3]^2-，[HCO3]^-；(3)黄铁矿表面的微生物。XPS分析显示，在鸡冠山废岩堆中，黄铁矿表面的碳含量普遍较高，仅用来自大气中CO2的吸附是难以解释的。这些黄铁矿处于废岩堆氧化带的酸性环境中，决定了在它们的表面不可能存在第二种来源的碳，XRD谱也证实在这些黄铁矿的表面风化层中不存在碳酸盐矿物。微生物Thiobacillus ferrooxidans和Leptospirillum ferrooxidans等常富集于低pH的尾矿或废石堆的氧化带中，参与并催化硫化物矿物的氧化。因此，黄铁矿表面高含量的碳是吸附的CO2和附着的微生物耦合的结果，反映了微生物的存在。  相似文献   

全风化花岗岩全岩和粘粒中粘土矿物含量变化对比     

尚彦军  岳中琦  王思敬  张乃娴  涂新斌 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(3):7-12

工程实践和理论研究中常用全岩和粘粒中粘土矿物绝对和相对含量。对同一样品探求两者关系,便于数据对比,有利于工程应用。以采自香港九龙的2处边坡3个探坑中51个全风化花岗岩样品为例,作者用同一套仪器、测试方法,先后采用了颗分法测粘粒质量百分比、物理化学方法测比表面积、XRD方法测矿物成分,分别得出了全岩和粘粒中粘土矿物的绝对含量和相对含量,以及用粘粒质量百分比乘以相对含量得出的换算含量。另外还将全岩XRD矿物成分同薄片统计结果进行了相关分析。对粘土矿物绝对含量基本为20%～45%的全风化花岗岩,对比分析不同含量结果表明:全岩中的某些粘土矿物,如高岭石、蛭石的绝对含量远大于换算含量;不同样品中高岭石和蛭石的相对含量变化幅度远大于它们在全岩中绝对含量变化,两者变化呈现某种一致性;全岩中粘土矿物含量远大于粘粒(粒径<2μm和<5μm两个界限)的含量。后两者相对而言变化基本一致,差值不大;同全岩中粘土矿物含量相关性较好的是比表面积;同薄片统计结果相比,全岩XRD粘土矿物含量受对风化矿物处理不确定性的影响,结果往往偏大。  相似文献   

物理化学条件对合成Mg／Al-LDH结晶度和结构的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈天虎庆承松  谌香秀冯有亮孙捷  于少明 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(4):324-328

采用共沉淀法在不同物理条件下合成了一系列镁铝层状双氢氧化物(LDH),用化学分析、XRD和红外光谱对产物的组成与结构进行了表征,并探讨了初始溶液Mg/Al比、平衡pH值、水热反应温度、干燥温度等因素对合成LDH产物的结晶度、Mg/Al比、结构以及镁铝水解率的影响。结果表明,在实验条件范围内,最佳的合成条件为:初始Mg/Al比为2∶1,pH值为10,合成温度50℃,在此条件下固体产物为单一LDH物相,合成LDH的Mg/Al比为2∶1,镁铝水解率分别为99.21%和98.97%,结晶度高,可以实现在较低的温度下水热合成LDH。由于在LDH结构中Al3 替代Mg2 的量不同,导致X衍射分析d值和晶胞参数呈规律性变化。  相似文献   

几种氧化锰矿物的合成及其对重金属的吸附和氧化特性   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

冯雄汉翟丽梅  谭文峰刘凡 贺纪正 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(6):531-538

以改进或优化的方法合成土壤中常见的几种氧化锰矿物,对其形貌、结构、组成和表面性质进行表征,研究其对几种重金属的吸附和对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化特性及与其结构和表面性质的关系。结果表明,合成的水钠锰矿、钙锰矿、锰钾矿和黑锰矿均为单相矿物,具有典型的形貌特征。水钠锰矿、钙锰矿和锰钾矿的PZC较低,分别为1.75、3.50和2.10,其表面可变负电荷量的大小顺序为水钠锰矿≥锰钾矿>钙锰矿;黑锰矿的PZC较高,表面可变负电荷量远低于其他3种矿物。供试矿物中,水钠锰矿对Pb2 、Cu2 、Co2 、Cd2 和Zn2 等重金属的吸附能力最强,黑锰矿的吸附能力最弱,除黑锰矿吸附更多的Cu2 外,供试氧化锰矿物对Pb2 的吸附量最大。氧化锰矿物对重金属的吸附受重金属的水解常数和矿物的表面负电荷的影响较大,它们均影响氧化锰矿物表面诱导水解作用及吸附离子形态。供试氧化锰矿物对Cr(Ⅲ)氧化能力和氧化过程中Mn2 释放量不同,受矿物结构、氧化度、表面性质以及结晶度等因素影响,氧化能力顺序为水钠锰矿>锰钾矿>钙锰矿>黑锰矿,最大氧化量分别为1330.0、422.6、59.7和36.6mmol/kg。  相似文献   

TEM and XRD determination of crystallite size and lattice strain as a function of illite crystallinity in pelitic rocks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W.-T. JIANG  D. R. PEACOR  P. ÁRKAI  M. TÓTH  & J. W. KIM 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1997,15(2):267-281

Average crystallite size and mean-square strain of illite in rock specimens and clay separates were measured independently in TEM images and by single-line Fourier (Voigt method) profile analysis of the c. 1 nm peak of XRD patterns for a prograde sequence of pelitic rocks (illite crystallinity indices=0.17–0.58°Δ2θ) from the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. The TEM-determined crystallite sizes in clay separates approximate those determined by Fourier profile analyses and those calculated from illite crystallinity indices by the Scherrer equation, with the exception of the diagenetic sample. The crystallite sizes and mean-square strains of illite in rock samples exhibit a trend similar to that determined by profile analyses, but the average crystallite sizes are up to five times larger than those measured for clay separates. TEM images show that all rock samples have a wide range of crystallite sizes, and the proportions of larger crystallites increase with metamorphic grade. The diagenetic illite is defect-rich, fine-grained (mean thickness by volume=c. 70 nm), 1M_d material. Anchizonal illite tends to occur as separate aggregates of small 1M_d and larger 2M₁ crystals (c. 200 nm), comprising arrays of subparallel coalescing packets. The epizone sample has thick (c. 400 nm), defect-free crystals of muscovite occurring in stacks of parallel layers, or subhedral crystals intergrown with large-angle boundaries. Cleaved crystals that are free of intracrystalline layer terminations are dominant in clay separates of all samples, having ranges of smaller sizes with volume-average thicknesses of c. 43, 43, and 81 nm (c. 14, 28, 67 nm by the Voigt method), respectively, for the three zones. The results suggest that illite crystallinity indices do not provide a direct measure of a single microstructural state of illite in rocks, although they yield consistent limits for average crystallite sizes for the anchizone (23 & 48 nm here). Therefore, they serve as a general parameter of the degree of recrystallization on a relative basis, in part because the contributions of all peak-broadening variables (mixed layering, size and strain) decrease regularly with prograde regional metamorphism of pelites. The microstructural changes caused by rock disaggregation are probably a function of those variables as well. The data collectively demonstrate a trend from metastable, defect-rich, small crystals towards a stable assemblage of larger, defect-free crystals, through dissolution of strained crystals and neocrystallization, consistent with the Ostwald step rule.  相似文献   

从高岭土中富集地开石和珍珠陶石的实验研究     

沈忠悦 《矿物岩石》1994,(2)

本文报道了用氢氟酸溶蚀的方法，从天然高岭土中分离和富集地开石或珍珠陶石。研究表明，用适当的氢氟酸溶蚀处理，与高岭石伴生的微生地开石或珍珠陶石被富集于残余粘土中，从而达到分离和富集地开石或珍珠陶石的目的．在高岭石、地开石和珍珠陶石中，以珍珠陶石耐氢氟酸的稳定性最好，地开石次之，高岭石最易被溶蚀。  相似文献   

Heavy meals in urban roadside soils, part 1: effect of particle size fractions on heavy metals partitioning   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Xue-Song Wang  Yong Qin  Yong-Kang Chen 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(7):1061-1066

Urban roadside soils are important environmental media for assessing heavy metal concentrations in urban environment. However, among other things, heavy metal concentrations are controlled by soil particle grain size fractions. In this study, two roadside sites were chosen within the city of Xuzhou (China) to reflect differences in land use. Bulk soil samples were collected and then divided by particle diameter into five physical size fractions, 500–250, 250–125, 125–74, 74–45, < 45 μm. Concentrations of metals (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Pb, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) were determined for each individual fraction. These metals could be roughly classified into two groups: anthropogenic element (Pb, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) and lithophile element (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Co, Mn, Ni, V) in terms of values of enrichment factor. As expected, higher concentrations of anthropogenic heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Hg, Bi, Ag) are observed in the finest particle grain size fraction (i.e. < 45 μm). However, heavy metals Se, Sb and Ba behave independently of selected grain size fractions. From the viewpoint of mass loading, more than 30% of the concentrations for all anthropogenic heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 μm at site 1 and more than 70% of the concentrations for all heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 and 74–125 μm at site 2. These results are important for transport of soil-bound heavy metals and pollution control by various remedial options.  相似文献