Surface current patterns in front of the Venice Lagoon     

Miroslav Gačić  Vedrana Kovačević  Simone Cosoli  Andrea Mazzoldi  Jeffrey D. Paduan  Isaac Mancero-Mosquera  Sadegh Yari 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Surface patterns of the low-frequency current in a 20 × 30 km region in front of the Venice Lagoon were analysed from a 13-month-long HF radar data set. Surface circulation was related to prevalent wind regimes in the area and to the tidal flow through the lagoon inlet. Three different categories of wind-forcing were defined: bora (NE wind), sirocco (SE wind), and finally the category containing all other wind directions and calms (winds lower than 3 m/sec). Mean flow and vorticity spatial distributions were discussed for different wind conditions. The coastal area about 5 km wide is characterized by a flow field with maximum vorticity. Outside the coastal boundary layer the interior flow is part of the Adriatic basin-wide cyclonic circulation. Two counter-rotating vortices of the dimension of about 4–5 km were evidenced in the average flow field in front of the lagoon inlet (Malamocco inlet) in all situations except for the bora. The vortex-pair is probably associated with the tidal flow through the inlet. The bora wind induces a strong southward coastal jet detached from the coast by about 5 km homogenizing the flow and eliminating the dipole. The average coastal flow pattern in calm wind conditions was also analysed as a function of the strong inflow/outflow (currents in the inlet > 0.7 m s⁻¹) from the lagoon inlet. In both cases the vorticity pattern is similar, with the negative vorticity to the left of the inlet and positive to the right looking seaward.  相似文献   

Strong CO₂ outgassing from high nutrient low chlorophyll coastal waters off central Chile (30°S): The role of dissolved iron     

Rodrigo Torres  Patricio Ampuero 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Carbonate system parameters (pH and alkalinity) were used to estimate the coastal water CO₂ fluxes off central Chile (30°S) during September 2007. Coastal waters rich in nitrate and silicate were strongly CO₂ supersaturated and normally poor in chlorophyll a. MODIS satellite chlorophyll a data suggest that phytoplankton biomass remained particularly low during September 2007 although coastal waters were highly fertilized with nitrate and silicate. The phytoplankton gross primary productivity in macronutrient-rich waters was very low with the exception of shallow waters (e.g. within or near bays). Several iron-enrichment bottle experiments show that fCO₂ rapidly decreases during iron-enrichment treatments compared to controls. This suggests that iron limitation of phytoplankton growth (mainly diatoms) plays a role in maintaining high-CO₂ outgassing by preventing rapid interception of upwelled CO₂.  相似文献   

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on microbial alteration of sinking fecal pellets     

Christian Tamburini  Madeleine Goutx  Catherine Guigue  Marc Garel  Dominique Lefvre  Bruno Charrire  Richard Sempr  Stphane Pepa  Michael L. Peterson  Stuart Wakeham  Cindy Lee 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(18):1533-1546

We used a new experimental device called PASS (PArticle Sinking Simulator) during MedFlux to simulate changes in in situ hydrostatic pressure that particles experience sinking from mesopelagic to bathypelagic depths. Particles, largely fecal pellets, were collected at 200 m using a settling velocity NetTrap (SV NetTrap) in Ligurian Sea in April 2006 and incubated in high-pressure bottles (HPBs) of the PASS system under both atmospheric and continuously increasing pressure conditions, simulating the pressure change experienced at a sinking rate of 200 m d⁻¹. Chemical changes over time were evaluated by measuring particulate organic carbon (POC), carbohydrates, transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), amino acids, lipids, and chloropigments, as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved carbohydrates. Microbial changes were evaluated microscopically, using diamidinophenylindole (DAPI) stain for total cell counts and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) for phylogenetic distinctions. Concentrations (normalized to POC) of particulate chloropigments, carbohydrates and TEP decreased under both sets of incubation conditions, although less under the increasing pressure regime than under atmospheric conditions. By contrast, dissolved carbohydrates (normalized to DOC) were higher after incubation and significantly higher under atmospheric conditions, suggesting they were produced at the expense of the particulate fraction. POC-normalized particulate wax/steryl esters increased only under pressure, suggesting biochemical responses of prokaryotes to the increasing pressure regime. The prokaryotic community initially consisted of 43% Bacteria, 12% Crenarchaea and 11% Euryarchaea. After incubation, Bacteria dominated (90%) the prokaryote community in all cases, with γ-Proteobacteria comprising the greatest fraction, followed by the Cytophaga–Flavobacter cluster and α-Proteobacteria group. Using the PASS system, we obtained chemical and microbial evidence that degradation by prokaryotes associated with fecal pellets sinking through mesopelagic waters is limited by the increasing pressure they experience.  相似文献   

闽南近海中国团扇鳐和林氏团扇鳐肌肉中水分含量、灰分含量及能值的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜建国  陈明茹  杨圣云 《台湾海峡》2009,28(4):509-515

测定了中国团扇鳐和林氏团扇鳐肌肉中的水分含量、灰分含量及能值．中国团扇鳐肌肉水分含量为75．86％,灰分含量为5．15％,能值为21．49MJ/kg;林氏团扇鳐肌肉水分含量为76．66％,灰分含量为5．04％,能值为21．29MJ／kg．中国团扇鳐、林氏团扇鳐的体重与体长有显著的正相关关系;中国团扇鳐、林氏团扇鳐的水分含量随体重的增加而减小,能值随体重的增加而升高;中国团扇鳐肌肉的能值与水分含量之间具有一定的相关递减的趋势,林氏团扇鳐水分含量与灰分含量之间具有一定的相关递增的趋势．此外,中国团扇鳐、林氏团扇水分含量、灰分含量及能值随季节的变化而变化．这与鱼体自身的生物学特性有关。也受到环境因子变化的影响．  相似文献   

宁波市陆海及河海管理分界线的界定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨和福 《海洋学研究》2009,27(Z1)

宁波市东临东海,杭州湾和三门湾分别从其北边和南边挟裹,象山港从中间嵌入陆域,与上海、舟山隔海相望,东西宽为175 km,南北长为192 km,海域面积为9 758 km2,大陆岸线全长为1 594 km, 辖区浅海面积为4 524.84 km2.宁波市海岸线由于自然和人为因素不断变化,其中自然的滩涂淤涨使岸线向海推进,人为接连岛工程使海岸线长度增加,而滩涂围垦往往把曲折海岸线变成直线岸线,使总体岸线缩短,这些海岸线变化给陆海管理分界线的确定带来了一定难度.宁波市主要入海河流有钱塘江和甬江,对于入海河流河海管理分界线和部门管理权限尚不清楚,区域管理同样存在多头管理和低效率现象.通过社会调查和实地考察,对宁波市海岸线、海岸带和主要入海河流分布特征以及管理现状进行了深入研究,并根据国际海岸线、海岸带和河海分界理论与实践经验,针对宁波市海岸线和入海河流自然地理环境特征、管理现状和宁波市经济发展的特殊需要,按照我国法律法规的相关规定,我们对宁波市海塘或海堤为界的陆海管理分界线、滩涂或淤涨型岸滩的陆海管理分界线、稳定岸滩的陆海管理分界线、港口码头海域界线、其它海岸工程界址线的界定和大潮高潮痕迹线为围海(涂)内界线的界定以及对钱塘江入海口的河海管理分界线和甬江的河海管理分界线的界定提出了初步建议,旨在为贯彻实施海洋法律法规,进一步加强宁波市海岸带区域开发管理和有效保障海洋管理职能的实现提供理论依据.  相似文献   

外来种互花米草对中国海滨湿地生态系统的影响评价及对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁红伟  李守中  郑怀舟  方舟易 《海洋通报》2009,28(6)

互花米草是出于保滩护岸的目的被引入中国的,现在已经成为中国滨海湿地重要的植被,对原有的湿地生态系统产生了重要影响。结合目前的资料和研究成果,介绍了互花米草的基本特征和在中国的引种扩散过程;从生物学条件、自然因素、人为因素等角度分析其在中国的扩散原因;探讨互花米草在中国滨海湿地的生态功能,评价其对滨海湿地环境、生物多样性、生态系统总体等方面的影响;综诉当前控制措施的研究进展并总结了相应的对策。提出对互花米草生态功能的评价要因时因地进行,关于其生态效益、控制措施和综合利用等方面的研究需进一步深入。  相似文献   

长江入海泥沙的变化趋势与上海滩涂资源的可持续利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨世伦  ZHU Jun  李明 《海洋学研究》2009,27(2):7-15

在分析1950年以来系列监测资料的基础上,对今后20年长江入海泥沙量和口门区5 m等深线以浅滩涂的冲淤趋势作了初步估计,结果表明:(1) 人类活动已导致长江入海泥沙通量减少约2/3.大通站输沙率从20世纪60年代后期开始出现趋势性下降,尤其是80年代后期以来输沙率下降加快.1996～2005年的输沙率(2.80亿t/a)比1956～1965年的输沙率(5.04亿t/a)下降了2.04亿t/a,降幅达44%;三峡水库蓄水后的2003～2005年大通站输沙率(1.89亿t/a)比1956～1965年降低63%.(2) 滩涂淤涨速率明显下降.河口口门区4大滩涂(崇明东滩、横沙东滩、九段沙和南汇东滩)的合计淤涨速率在1958～1977年、1977～1996年和1996～2004年3个时段分别为19.1、5.1和4.9 km2/a.(3) 目前上海5 m等深线以上的滩涂面积主要分布在口门4大滩涂,它们分别是崇明东滩(701 km2)、横沙东滩(464 km2)、九段沙(410 km2)和南汇东滩(462 km2),占总面积的80%.(4) 考虑北槽深水航道工程的影响后得出,大通站输沙率(108 t/a)和口门区4大滩涂淤涨速率(km2/a)之间的关系为Y=9.51X-29.1,r=0.925.预测表明:2006～2015年和2016～2025年时段大通站平均输沙率估计将分别降至1.5和1.2亿t/a左右.根据上述关系,2006～2015年和2016～2025年时段口门4大滩涂5 m等深线以上面积将分别蚀退148和177 km2,即20年累计损失占现有面积的13.8%.在现有工程条件下,今后20年口门的4大滩涂5 m等深线以上的面积累计损失可能为10%左右.因此,作为上海滩涂资源主要来源的长江口门区滩涂淤涨速率在自然条件下随着长江入海泥沙的减少而迅速下降,若无有效的工程保护措施,今后随着长江来沙的进一步降低将出现净的蚀退.采取适当的工程促淤措施,利用高悬沙浓度的有利条件,上海仍可望获得新的滩涂,以实现滩涂资源的可持续利用.  相似文献   

海洋能开发对沿海和海岛社会经济的促进作用     

刘富铀  张俊海  刘玉新  白杨  张智慧 《海洋技术学报》2009,28(1)

为了推进海洋能的开发利用,研究了海洋能开发对于沿海和海岛社会经济发展的促进作用,分析了我国海洋能的资源状况,阐述了我国沿海和海岛建设小康社会、海洋经济开发、海防建设、节能减排和应对气候变化等对于海洋能的需求,进行了江厦潮汐能电站和山东大管岛波浪能实验电站案例分析,提出了鼓励海洋能开发利用的措施建议.海洋能开发对沿海和海岛社会经济的发展具有积极的促进作用.  相似文献   

广东沿海陆地地质灾害区划   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

朱照宇  周厚云  黄宁生  文启忠  谢先德  钟健强 《地球学报》2001,22(5):453-458

研究中使用了主要地质灾害（地震、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉降、地面塌陷、地基下沉、地裂缝、水土流失、港口淤积等）大量的野外调查和文献资料的实际数据,根据综合分析并运用“灾害密度”和“灾害强度”2种指标,将广东沿海陆地划分出9个地质灾害一级区及其所属的32个二级分区,其中包括10个重灾区、10个中灾区和12个弱灾区。首次编制了基于数据库和GIS的1：50万广东沿海陆地主要地质灾害类型与区划图,为地质灾害发育规律的理论研究和国民经济建设的实际应用提供了基础信息和实际数据。分区的结果揭示了地质灾害空间分布特征及其与地质环境和人类活动的关系。  相似文献   

潮滩围垦对海岸环境的影响研究进展   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

李加林  杨晓平  童亿勤 《地理科学进展》2007,26(2):43-51

潮滩围垦是沿海国家拓展陆域, 缓解人地矛盾的最主要方式之一。潮滩围垦通过对潮滩高 程、水沙动力条件、沉积物特征等多种环境因子的改变, 促进生物演替, 并通过垦区土地的人为利 用, 对海岸环境演变产生重要影响。文章从围垦工程对水沙环境的影响、围垦对海岸带物质循环 的影响、围垦对潮滩生物生态学的影响和盐沼恢复与生态重建等4 方面探讨了不同学科学者对 围垦环境影响的主要研究进展及存在的问题, 并指出应加强多学科合作的综合研究, 探讨潮滩围 垦对海岸环境的影响机制, 以寻求兼顾围垦土地需求与海岸带生态保护的持续发展之路。  相似文献