可可塔勒铅锌矿床地质特征及其成因初探   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

康吉昌 《矿产与地质》2001,15(2):89-93

通过可可塔勒铅锌矿床地质特征及地球化学特征的研究，探讨可可塔勒铅锌矿床的成因，为寻找矿化物型铅锌矿提供了依据。  相似文献   

Adsorption of copper and zinc by oil shale   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

S. Al-Asheh  Fawzi Banat 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(6):693-698

 Oil shale is able to remove appreciable amounts of copper and zinc ions from aqueous solutions. It was noted that an increase in the adsorbent concentration with constant copper or zinc concentration resulted in greater metal removal from solution. An increase in the copper or zinc concentration with a constant sorbent concentration resulted in higher metal loading per unit weight of sorbent. For both metals, copper and zinc, equilibrium was attained after 24-h contact time. Increase in the initial pH or temperature of the metal solution resulted in an increase in the metal uptake per unit weight of the sorbent. Freundlich isotherm model was found to be applicable for the experimental data of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. The results showed that oil shale could be used for the adsorption of the Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with higher affinity toward Zn²⁺ ions. Addition of sodium salt to the metal solution influenced copper removal positively, but inhibited zinc removal. Received: 3 January 2000 · Accepted: 27 June 2000  相似文献   

Geochemical and mineralogical study of a site severely polluted with heavy metals (Maatheide, Lommel, Belgium)     

L. Horckmans  R. Swennen  J. Deckers 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(5):725-742

The former zinc smelter site ‘de Maatheide’ in Lommel (Belgium) was severely polluted with heavy metals and the pollution spread into the surroundings by rain water leaching and wind transportation. This study focuses on the processes of immobilization and natural attenuation that took place on the site. Three important factors were found. Firstly, the high pH values (pH 7–8) in the topsoil influence the mobility of heavy metals. Secondly, the spodic horizons below the polluted top layer seem to accumulate heavy metals, thereby slowing down their release into the environment. Finally, the glassy phases and iron oxi/hydroxides that are present can encapsulate heavy metals during their formation/recrystallization, thereby immobilizing them. An additional shielding effect results from the reaction rims of goethite around the contaminant phases, which partially inhibit the weathering process and release of contaminants. This shielding effect is an important factor to take into account when modelling contaminant release.  相似文献   

Distribution of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations in stream sediments from the Mapocho River in Santiago, Chile   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

R. Segura  V. Arancibia  M.C. Zúiga  P. Pastn 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,91(1-3):71-80

The Mapocho river, which crosses downtown Santiago, is one of the most important rivers in contact with a population of about six million inhabitants. Anthropogenic activities, industrialization, farming activities, transport, urbanization, animal and human excretions, domestic wastes and copper mining have affected the river, contaminating it and its sediments with heavy metals. Concentration and distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were studied with the purpose of determining their bioavailability and their relation with the characteristics of the sediments. Freshly deposited seasonal sediments were collected from 0–8 cm depths from 6 locations (S₁ to S₆) along the 30-km long channel length, in the four seasons of year on the following dates: May 2001 (D₁, autumn); August 2001 (D₂, winter); October 2001 (D₃, spring) and January 2002 (D₄, summer). The dried samples were sifted to obtain the < 63-μm sediment fraction, since it has been shown that large amounts of heavy metals are bound in the fine-grained fraction of the sediment. Cu and Zn were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Pb and Cd by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The highest concentrations of Cu (2850 μg g^− 1) were found in the northern part of the river (S₁, average D₁–D₄), near the mountains and a copper mine, and then decreased downstream to 209 μg g^− 1 (S₆). Total Zn showed an irregular variation, with higher values at S₁ (1290 μg g^− 1) and high values in some winter sampling (1384 μg g^− 1 S₄, S₅–D₂). Pb showed different trends, increasing from S₁ to S₆ (17 to 61 μg g^− 1), with the highest values in the summer samples (83 μg g^− 1, S₄–S₆, D₄), and total Cd increased slightly from mean values of 0.2 and 0.5 μg g^− 1. Partition into five fractions was made using Tessier's analytical sequential extraction technique; the residue was treated with aqua regia for recovery studies, although this step is not part of the Tessier procedure. The results show that Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments were dependent on the sampling places along the river, and variation in two years was low (D₁–D₄). The highest values of total organic matter, carbonate and conductivity were found in S₆, which has the smallest size particles, while at S₁ the sediments were predominantly sand and contain larger amounts of silica. Cu associated with carbonate decreased gradually from 58% (1771 μg g^− 1, S₁) to 16% (32 μg g^− 1, S₆); Cu bonded to reducible fraction was almost constant (33% to 37%), and Cu associated with oxidizable fraction increased from 7% (S₁) to 34% (S₆), but copper content was lower (214 to 68 μg g^− 1). Zn had a similar fractionation profile. However, Pb bound to oxidizable fraction did not show significant percent variation along the river (20% to 19%), but the amount bounded was 4 to 12 μg g^− 1. The residual fraction increased from 24% to 41% (5 to 25 μg g^− 1, S₁ to S₆). The distribution of Cd in the sediment was almost independent of the sampling stations and was bound to carbonate, reducible and residual fraction in similar proportion. Cu and Zn at S₁ were mainly bound to carbonates and reducible phases with 91% and 73% (2779 and 965 μg g^− 1, respectively), and with a change in the pH and/or the redox potential of the sediment–water system, these contaminants could easily enter the food chain. In S₆ the amount of Cu and Zn in these phases was 50% and 53% (100 to 313 μg g^− 1, respectively).  相似文献   

铜、锌、铅、镉对海洋浮游藻的毒性效应     

宁征  孙秉一  史致丽  郝恩良 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(4)

研究了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种重金属离子活度对牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、球等边金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、叉边金藻(Dirateria inornate)的毒性效应。藻对重金属的响应曲线包括平台区、阈值、半数效应值、零增长值。对于Cu,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aCu=8.5,p~aCu=8.7,p~aCu=8.9。三种藻的零增长值分别为p~aCu=7.0,p~aCu=7.1,p~aCu=7.3。对于Zn,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aZn=8.0,p~aZn=8.5,p~aZn=9.5。两种藻的零增长值分别为p~aZn=6.3,p~aZn=6.9。对于Pb,二种藻的阈值分别为p~aPb=10.8,p~aPb=9.5:一种藻的零生长值在p~aPb=8.2。对于Cd,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aCd=8.9,p~aCd=10.3,p~aCd=10.5。两种藻的零增长值出现在p~aCd=8.1和p~aCd=8.4。对于牟氏角毛藻,四种重金属的毒性强弱顺序为Pb>Cd>Zn>Cu。对于叉边金藻的毒性顺序为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn。对于等边金藻的顺序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb。  相似文献   

The depositional environment and mineralogical and chemical compositions of high ash brown coal resting on early Tertiary saprock (Schirnding Coal Basin, SE Germany)     

H. G. Dill  H. Wehner 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1999,39(4):1

The late Tertiary high ash brown coal (R_r=0.26%) of the Schirnding Seam Zone is mainly composed of huminite. The seam is underlain by a thick saprock (mica saprockkaolinite-mica saprock) some tens of meters thick which gradually developed from phyllitic basement rocks and a thin Footwall Series of coarse-grained clastic sediments which, however, occur only in a few places. The roof rocks ‘ Hanging Wall Series' abruptly appear on top of the seam and consist of massive gray mudstones and arenites, intercalated with some tuffites. These Tertiary series were studied in open-pit mines operated for coal and clay and in bore holes. Chemical investigation involved the analyses of TOC, TSC, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Ga, Be, V, Cr, U, Th, P, Zr, REE and organic compounds of extracted organic matter (=OM). Early Tertiary chemical weathering was responsible for the monotonous kaolinite-mica-goethite mineral assemblage in the saprock and the footwall series. In the coal-bearing basin a more variegated mineral association including, pyrite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, illite-smectite mixed layers and siderite was brought about by volcanic processes, intrastratal solution set free in course of coalification and early diagenesis and by meteoric waters infiltrating the coal-bearing series from uplifted parts of the basin, which underwent strong oxidation. The environment of deposition is interpreted in terms of peatswamps that were fed by small streams and crevasse splays of a meandering drainage system grading towards the basin margin into a braided stream system on an alluvial fan plain. Strongly fluctuating water levels were responsible for the pronounced cyclicity to be encountered across the coal-bearing series. The processes of element redeposition and element migration in the Schirnding Basin are operative across the interface coal-saprolite (detrital influx of heavy minerals and intrastratal solution, hydrocarbon infiltration and redistribution of organic matter, reworking of duricrusts), in the saprolite proper (weathering leachats) and across the redox boundaries between the Schirnding Seam Zone and the Hanging Wall Series (input of physils and diagenetic alteration) as well as its strongly oxidized stratigraphic equivalents at the basin edge (volcanic influx, intrastratal solutions). Chemical and mineralogical variations across the coal basin which are directly controlled by the variation in the environment of deposition, weathering and groundwater movements may be directly correlated to changes in the saprock due to the immediate contact between coal and bedrock.  相似文献   

Zn²⁺浓度对固氮鱼腥藻(Anabaena azotica Ley)光能转化特性的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王山杉  刘永定  金传荫  李敦海 《湖泊科学》2002,14(4):350-356

本实验对在不同Zn^2 浓度条件下培养的固氮鱼腥藻（Anabaena azotica Ley）的生长、光合放氧速率和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行了测定。结果表明,当Zn^2 浓度为1.0μmol/L时,其比生长速率（Specifie growth rate）最大,光合放氧速率和Fv/Fm值最高,当Zn^2 浓度大于等于5.0μmol/L是会抑制A.azotica Ley的生长和光合作用,对在0μmol/L和5.0μmol/L Zn^2 发生反应的藻蓝蛋白溶液的可见光吸收光谱的分析,发现前者624nm处藻胆体的吸收峰和后者620nm处藻蓝蛋白的吸收峰都因Zn^2 的作用而下降,推测藻蓝蛋白为Zn^2 影响光合作用的位点之一,碳酸酐酶活性的测定表明Zn^2 的浓度水平会影响其活性大小,推测是Zn^2 影响光合作用的另一途径。  相似文献   

Trace elements in the sediments of a large Mediterranean marina (Port Camargue,France): Levels and contamination history     

Nicolas Briant  Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny  Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet  Rémi Freydier  Sophie Delpoux  Daniel Cossa 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The study of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Hg) and butyltin concentrations in the sediments of Port Camargue enabled assessment of the levels and history of the contamination of the largest European marina linked with the use of antifouling paints. Surface sediments near the boat maintenance area were heavily contaminated with up to 1497 μg g⁻¹ of Cu, 475 μg g⁻¹ of Zn, 0.82 μg g⁻¹ of Hg, 94 μg g⁻¹ of Pb and over 10,000 ngSn g⁻¹ of tributyltin (TBT). High concentrations of Hg and TBT indicate ongoing sources of these elements despite the ban on their use as biocides in paints. Sediment cores provided records of contamination since 1969. The peak concentrations of As, Hg, Pb and TBT in the sediment profile reflect their presence on boat hulls when the marina was built at the end of the 1960s. Degradation of TBT in the sediments near the boat maintenance area is slow compared to other less contaminated area of the marina.  相似文献   

陕西省旬阳县红花坪锌矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨     

李超  胡西顺  范红科  余敏  刘勇  秦永军 《山东国土资源》2015,31(8)

通过对陕西省旬阳县红花坪锌矿床的地质矿产勘查,已圈出I1锌矿体和一些单工程控制的规模较小的铅锌矿化体。已获得锌资源量7.43×104t;工程控制矿体长990m,斜深393m,矿体厚0.44～11.35m,平均厚2.65m,Zn含量0.96%～23.85%,平均6.14%;Pb含量0.01%～1.28%,平均0.13%。通过对红花坪锌矿床的矿体及矿物岩石特征、矿床地质地球化学特征、成矿年龄及成矿温度压力特征等进行了分析和讨论,认为该矿床为热液改造型矿床。  相似文献   

Geological factors affecting the distribution of trace metals in glacial sediments of central Newfoundland     

R. A. Klassen 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(2-3):154-169

 In central Newfoundland (NTS 12A/10, 15, 16, 2H/1), As, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the clay-sized (<0.002 mm) and silt and clay-sized (<0.063 mm) fractions of till reflect compositional differences among and within rock terranes at scales of kilometers to tens of kilometers. In those fractions, till derived from volcanic bedrock of Victoria Lake Group (Tulks Hill) is notably enriched in As (50–>1000 ppm), exceeding levels commonly set for purposes of environmental protection. Near Pb-Zn mines at Buchans, geochemical variation with depth reflects the dispersal of detritus from mineralized bedrock, and differences in sediment type and provenance. There, surface sediments are rich in granitic debris derived from the Topsails igneous terrane 5 km north of Buchans and contain low concentrations of trace metals. These sediments are compositionally unrelated to either Buchans Group volcanic rock or an underlying, older till enriched in sulphide minerals and trace metals. Metal-rich till extending up to 10 km southwest of Buchans results from combined glacial and debris flow transport related to two distinct geological events. Trace metals are enriched (two- to fourfold) in the clay-sized fraction of till compared to the silt and clay-sized, and are associated with Al- and Mg-bearing minerals that preferentially concentrate in the clay fraction. The geochemistry of the silt and clay-sized fraction can approximate that of the <2-mm fraction. Background variations in till illustrate the important role of a geological framework to the interpretation of geochemical surveys and the origins of trace metals in the environment. Received: 31 October 1996 · Accepted: 27 May 1997  相似文献