热活化过硫酸盐降解氧氟沙星特性及响应面优化     

任何军  林雯雯  鲁松  李婷婷  周睿 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(3):887-897

为了探究热活化过硫酸盐（PS）技术对水中氧氟沙星（OFX）的氧化降解作用,考察了反应温度、体系的初始pH、PS的初始浓度、OFX的初始浓度对OFX降解效果的影响;并在单因素实验的基础上,选取反应时间、体系的初始pH、PS的初始浓度和OFX的初始浓度4个因素进行了响应面优化实验。结果表明：最佳降解条件为,反应温度60℃、PS初始浓度4.0 mmol/L、pH=4.7、OFX初始浓度0.03 mmol/L、反应时间60 min,此时OFX的降解率为81.29%;4个因素对热活化PS降解OFX均有影响,其影响显著性从大到小为反应时间、OFX的初始浓度、PS的初始浓度、初始pH。利用响应曲面法模拟出反应体系的最佳条件,经实验验证,OFX降解率为93.78%,与预测最佳结果95.00%基本相符,表明模型可靠有效。  相似文献   

Effects of fly ash and slag content on the solidification of river-dredged sludge     

Feiyu Liu  Chengan Zhu  Kejun Yang  Jun Hai  Shihu Gao 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2021,39(1):65-73

Abstract

River-dredged sludge has a high water content and minimal bearing capacity and strength. Adding cement, fly ash, and slag to dredged sludge as a combined curing agent can quickly reduce its water content and improve its strength. This study experimentally investigates the solidification effectiveness of different proportions of curing agents using methods including electron microscopy, particle size analysis, water ratio limit, and water content and direct shear tests. The water content and shear strength of different combined curing agents are obtained at different ages. We find that an optimum curing agent combination exists. With increases in fly ash and slag content, test results indicate that the water content of solidified sludge first decreases and then increases, whereas the shear strength first increases and then decreases, allowing an optimal combination curing agent to be obtained. When using industrial waste residue as curing agent, it is necessary to consider the negative effects of the curing agent to better control the dosage so as to achieve better curing effect.  相似文献   

氯化锌活化法制备软锰矿——核桃壳活性炭的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘巍  羊依金  黄静 《西部资源》2012,(3):174-177

文章对氯化锌活法制备软锰矿-核桃壳活性炭进行了研究,考察了软锰矿投加量、氯化锌浓度、活化温度、活化时间等因素对软锰矿-核桃壳活性炭碘吸附值以及比表面积的影响。结果表明:软锰矿的投加量占核桃壳质量的8%、氯化锌浓度为3mol/L、活化温度为550℃左右、活化时间为120min是最佳的制备软锰矿-核桃壳的条件;在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1,158.05mg/g,比表面积为787.540m2/g,较未添加软锰矿的核桃壳活性炭,碘吸附值和比表面积分别提高了11.5%和22.0%。  相似文献   

Modelling of nitrate leaching from arable land into unsaturated soil and chalk 1. Development of a management model for applications of sewage sludge and fertilizer     

R. J. Andrews  J. W. Lloyd  D. N. Lerner 《Journal of Hydrology》1997,200(1-4):179-197

A mathematical model has been produced to examine the impact of sewage sludge and fertilizer application to arable land and the effect of different crop regimes on the amount of nitrate leached to chalk groundwater. Previous work on nitrate leaching has concentrated on either a soil science or a hydrogeological approach with little overlap between the two. This study considered both fields to obtain an overall picture of the nitrate leaching process. IMPACT is a layered deterministic N-leaching model which predicts the nitrogen loads entering groundwater daily from arable land, and can be used as a management tool in development of sludge application and agricultural policy. The model relates nitrogen species movement resulting from the application of sewage sludge and fertilizer to differing vegetation-soil-hydrogeological conditions. Field data collected at three sites on the unconfined chalk aquifer of East Anglia, England over a two and a half year period was used to produce an initial conceptual model and to constrain the mathematical model during development. IMPACT simulates nitrogen and transport processes in the soil and unsaturated zone of the chalk. The nitrogen processes include: mineralisation of soil organic-N and sewage sludge organic-N, nitrification; crop uptake; volatilization; denitrification; and N inputs from fertilizers and precipitation. A mixing cell method is used to model solute transport in both the soil and chalk. Matrix flow and combined fissure-matrix flow are considered for the chalk. The model enables examination of the relationship between the arable/hydrogeological systems and the environmental implications of sludge application and of different arable regimes. Results are of use in developing strategies for arable farming and sludge application in areas sensitive to nitrate leaching. This Part 1 paper describes the model development approach. Results of associated modelling scenarios are presented separately in the associated Part 2 paper.  相似文献   

Modelling of nitrate leaching from arable land into unsaturated soil and chalk 2. Model confirmation and application to agricultural and sewage sludge management     

R. J. Andrews  J. W. Lloyd  D. N. Lerner 《Journal of Hydrology》1997,200(1-4):198-221

A layered deterministic N-leaching model, IMPACT, has been calibrated using data from two study sites on the unconfined Chalk aquilfer of East Anglia, UK. The model predicts nitrogen species movement resulting from the application of sewage sludges and fertilizers to arable land for different vegetation-soil-hydrogeological conditions. One site received sludge in the form of digested sewage cake (DSC) for the first time during the study period, whilst the other site had over 15 years history of liquid undigested sludge (LUS) applications at 3 year intervals. Site data included: 3-monthly concentration profiles at 0.3 m intervals to depths of up to 6 m for N-species and chloride; unsaturated potential measurements; water level and saturated groundwater solute concentrations, fertilizer and sludge input; daily recharge, and soil/chalk type and moisture content. The observed average movement rate for nitrate peaks in the Lower Chalk, measured at one site, was 0.2 m year⁻². Leachate peaks were not observed annually but approximately every third year, being associated with large sludge applications and ploughing of grass crops. Significant correlation between observed and modelled nitrate profiles in soil and chalk were obtained which demonstrated applications. The relationship between crop demand, application times of fertilizers and sludge, nitrate availability and recharge was shown strongly to control the shape of nitrate profiles in the soil and chalk and the quantity of nitrate leached tochalk. The change in hydrogeological conditions at the soil-chalk contact and associated potential for denitrification was also shown to exert a significant control on the shape of the nitrate profile. Following calibration, different arable crop and sludge application regimes were examined for a 6 year period and ranked according to their nitrate leaching risk. Of the modelled cereal farming scenarios, the crop/sludge regime giving the least nitrate leaching was a late autumn surface spread application of DSC followed by winter cereals, while highest nitrate leaching was generated by an autumn injection of LUS followed by spring cereals. Field and modelled results may be used in the development of sludge disposal policies to arable land particularly with regard to sludge types, application times, and following crop types and fertilizer requirements. Overall, observed and model data demonstrate the importance of examining nitrate leaching as a continuum from the soil through the chalk to the water table.  相似文献   

赤泥硅肥在玉米上试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡德龙  赵世立 《地域研究与开发》1997,16(3):83-84

玉米约占全国粮食总产的２０％，施肥在玉米增产诸因素中能起到２５％～３０％的作用，通过试验，玉米施用硅肥后提高抗青枯病能力，施肥量为７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２时，在玉米上的增产效果达到１４％～２３．４％，投入产出比为１：１０～２０。  相似文献   

滇西地区前侏罗系地层问题   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

吴根耀 《地层学杂志》1996,20(2):114-122

滇西地区属三江印支造山带,前侏罗系地层问题可分为两类:一是变质岩地区常见的,如把 S_n(n≥1)当成 S_0等;二是造山带地区特有的,如因未认识蛇绿混杂、重力滑塌和化石再沉积等而曲解化石的地层和相指示意义,一个群里包括了一系列叠置的构造岩片中的不同时代、不同建造背景的岩石等。造山带常是一构造大拼盘,因而其地层工作需要新的理论武装:造山带地层学。  相似文献   

The role and significance of extracellular polymers in activated sludge. Part I: Literature review     

Anna Raszka  Monika Chorvatova  Jiri Wanner 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(5):411-424

In biological wastewater treatment, bacteria tend to aggregate by forming flocs, biofilms and even granules. A large part of the floc structure in activated sludge is composed of extracellular polymers. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are mainly responsible for the structural and functional integrity of biofilms/flocs and they are considered to be important for the physico‐chemical properties of activated sludge. This review considers the composition of EPS and proportion between the constituents. Moreover it includes the relationship between the EPS constituents and sludge properties such as sludge retention time, hydrophobicity and surface charge.  相似文献   

凹凸棒石酸活化废液制备LDH实验研究Ⅰ:合成方法和表征   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8  

陈天虎  徐惠芳  鲁安怀  岳书仓  汪家权  彭书传  徐晓春 《矿物学报》2003,23(3):199-204

在利用凹凸棒石生产活性白土过程中，大量形成的凹凸棒石酸活化废液造成了严重的环境问题。用凹凸棒石酸活化废液制备LDH(层状双氢氧化物)。一方面得到了LDH。同时也为解决活性白土生产过程中的废水污染提供了一条有效途径。利用TEM和XRD研究了凹凸棒石粘土活化废液制备阴离子粘土微观结构特征，并对这种材料的形成机制以及应用前景进行了讨论。  相似文献   

活性污泥法处理中浓度味精废水的研究     

刘艳  黄国林  张国庆  王学刚  张鸿雁 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(4):373-377

采用活性污泥法处理人工味精废水。实验前污泥进行驯化培菌 ,在驯化所得污泥指标适宜情况下 ,再对废水处理。结果表明 ,在曝气时间 12h ,搅拌时间 15min ,温度 2 5℃ ,pH值为 7.0 ,污泥体积为 80 % ,污泥指数为 42 %的工艺条件下 ,此方法对生化处理浓度为 2 0 0 0～ 40 0 0mg·L- 1 的味精废水的主要污染指标CODCr和氨氮都具有较好的降解能力 ,能达到排放标准的要求  相似文献