河南灵宝枪马金矿床成矿特征研究     

王可勇  章增凤  卢作祥 《地质与资源》1993,2(4):262-269

本文对枪马金矿成矿特征进行了初步探讨,认为该矿形成同晚燕山期花岗质岩浆活动,太华群变质地层有关,矿床属中温混合热液成因类型。断裂构造严格控制了含金石英脉的产出,并决定了矿脉内工业矿体的规模及其空间定位,为矿山生产及进一步探矿找矿工作提供了依据。  相似文献   

东天山康古尔金矿床石英位错构造及其动力学意义     

张连昌  赵伦山  姬金生  杨兴科  韩照信 《新疆地质》1999,(2)

康古尔金矿床形成于脆韧性—脆性剪切变形构造演化过程中。应用透射电镜超微技术分析水热成矿期石英位错构造、位错密度及差应力值有助于加深认识剪切构造条件下的成矿动力学机制。石英位错构造特征反映成矿期构造变形环境为中温—中低温、高差异应力、高应变速率。成矿期构造差应力演化呈明显的脉动性,这种脉动性所形成的“应力地震泵吸”机制对金矿成矿至关重要。  相似文献   

豫陕晋金三角金矿成矿探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

彭大明 《地质找矿论丛》1999,14(4):40-48

豫陕晋金三角是我国重要的黄金生产基地。该金三角的成矿条件极为优越,处于多构造体系复龠 我间,地层出露齐全、岩浆活动强烈、控金断裂系统网络交织、金源层（体）广布,所以金的成矿类型繁多,金矿床星罗棋布,文章对该区金矿成矿作专题探讨。  相似文献   

Metamorphic charnockite in contact aureoles around intrusive enderbite from Natal, South Africa     

Alfons M. van den Kerkhof  Geoffrey H. Grantham 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,137(1-2):115-132

In the Port Edward area of southern Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, charnockitic aureoles up to 10 m in width in the normally garnetiferous Nicholson's Point Granite, are developed adjacent to intrusive contacts with the Port Edward Enderbite and anhydrous pegmatitic veins. Mineralogical differences between the country rock and charnockitic aureole suggest that the dehydration reaction Bt + Qtz → Opx + Kfs + H₂O and the reaction of Grt + Qtz → Opx + Pl were responsible for the charnockitization. The compositions of fluid inclusions show systematic variation with: (1) the Port Edward Enderbite being dominated by CO₂ and N₂ fluid inclusions; (2) the non-charnockitized granite by saline aqueous inclusions with 18–23 EqWt% NaCl; (3) the charnockitic aureoles by low-salinity and pure water inclusions (<7 EqWt% NaCl); (4) the pegmatites by aqueous inclusions of various salinity with minor CO₂. As a result of the thermal event the homogenization temperatures of the inclusions in charnockite show a much larger range (up to 390 °C) compared to the fluid inclusions in granite (mostly <250 °C). Contrary to fluid-controlled charnockitization (brines, CO₂) which may have taken place along shear zones away from the intrusive body, the present “proximal” charnockitized granite formed directly at the contact with enderbite. The inclusions indicate contact metamorphism induced by the intrusion of “dry” enderbitic magma into “wet” granite resulting in local dehydration. This was confirmed by cathodoluminescence microscopy showing textures indicative for the local reduction of structural water in the charnockite quartz. Two-pyroxene thermometry on the Port Edward Enderbite suggests intrusion at temperatures of ∼1000–1050 °C into country rock with temperature of <700 °C. The temperature of aureole formation must have been between ∼700 °C (breakdown of pyrite to form pyrrhotite) and ∼1000 °C. Charnockitization was probably controlled largely by heat related to anhydrous intrusions causing dehydration reactions and resulting in the release and subsequent trapping of dehydration fluids. The salinity of the metamorphic fluid in the contact zones is supposed to have been higher at an early stage of contact metamorphism, but it has lost its salt content by K-metasomatic reactions and/or the preferential migration of the saline fluids out of the contact zones towards the enderbite. The low water activity inhibited the localized melting of the granite. Mineral thermobarometry suggests that after charnockite aureole genesis, an isobaric cooling path was followed during which reequilibration of most of the aqueous inclusions occurred. Received: 8 November 1998 / Accepted: 21 June 1999  相似文献   

青藏高原大同西侧石英二长岩体地球化学及岩石系列   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

姜耀辉  杨万志 《地球化学》1999,28(6):542-550

大同西侧石英二长岩体位于青藏高原西北缘、西昆仑山主峰地带,形成于早古生代。其地质、地球化学研究表明,岩体岩石组合类型为（石英）二长闪长岩－（石英）二长岩－石英正长岩。岩石主要由斜长石、微斜长石、石英、角闪石、辉少量黑云母组成。岩石化学成分富碱、富钾、Ｋ２Ｏ／ＮａＯ比值大而贫铁,微量元素富集Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ特闫离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,属于钾玄岩系列。  相似文献   

小秦岭303号石英脉流体包裹体Rb—Sr,^40Ar—^39Ar成矿年龄测定   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

薛良伟  周长命 《地球化学》1999,28(5):473-478

用石英流体包裹体Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ法测定了小秦岭３０３号石英脉的形成时代为石元古代。其流体包裹体属Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＣＯ２＋ＣａＣｌ型,盐度为６．５％－１２．９８％,ＣＯ２含量高,Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＋。３０３号石英脉Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为（２３８２±３３６）Ｍａ－（２２３４±４７）Ｍａ,（＾８７ｓＲ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ为（０．７３５１±０．００１９）－（０．７４１６±０．０００４）,＾４０Ａｒ＾＾３９  相似文献   

Modelling aeolian sand transport and morphological development in two beach nourishment areas     

D. van der Wal 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(1):77-92

The aeolian sand transport model SAFE and the air flow model HILL were applied to evaluate cross‐shore changes at two nourished beaches and adjacent dunes and to identify the response of aeolian sand transport and morphology to several nourishment design parameters and fill characteristics. The main input of the model consisted of data on the sediment, tide and meteorological conditions, and of half‐yearly measured characteristics of topography, vegetation and sand fences. The cross‐shore profiles generated by SAFE–HILL were compared to measured cross‐shore profiles. The patterns of erosion and deposition, and the morphological development corresponded. In general, the rates of aeolian sand transport were overestimated. The impact of parameters that are related to beach nourishment (namely grain size, adaptation length and beach topography) on profile development was evaluated. Grain size affected the aeolian sand transport rate to the foredunes, and therefore the morphology. Adaptation length, which is a measure of the distance over which sediment transport adapts to a new equilibrium condition, affected the topography of the beach in particular. The topography of a beach nourishment had limited impact on both aeolian sand transport rate and morphology. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A wind tunnel investigation of particle segregation,ripple formation and armouring within sand beds of systematically varied texture          下载免费PDF全文

Cheryl McKenna Neuman  ottO Bédard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(5):749-762

This paper reports on a wind tunnel investigation of particle segregation, ripple formation and surface armouring within sand beds of systematically varied particle size distribution, from coarsely skewed to bimodal. By design, the system was closed with no external inputs of mass from an external particle feed. Particles too coarse to travel in saltation for the given range in wind speed were dyed red in order to distinguish them in optical images from finer sand particles, which could be entrained into the unidirectional airflow. A 3D laser scanner measured the changing bed topography at regular time intervals during 18 experiments involving varied combinations of wind speed and bed texture. Image classification techniques were used to investigate the coincident self‐organization of the two populations of particles, as distinguished by their colour. As soon as saltation commenced, some of the red particles segregated into thin discontinuous patches. Particle trapping and sheltering on these rough patches was strongly favoured, causing them to grow preferentially. During the earliest stages of formation, bedform growth coincided with: (i) rapid coarsening of the surface texture; and (ii) the merging of proto‐ripple ‘crests’ to generate larger rhythmic bedforms of lower frequency. Consistent with previous work, ripple size was observed to increase under stronger winds when not exceeding the threshold for entrainment of the coarse‐mode or red particles from the crest. With declining rates of mass transport and particle segregation as the bed surface armoured, and the consequent deceleration of ripple propagation through to the end of each experiment, all surfaces eventually attained a steady‐state morphometry. At saturation, the largest ripples developed on beds having the lowest initial concentration of red particles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Offshore aeolian sediment transport across a human‐modified foredune          下载免费PDF全文

Karl F. Nordstrom  Nancy L. Jackson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):195-201

Concepts derived from previous studies of offshore winds on natural dunes are evaluated on a dune maintained for shore protection during three offshore wind events. The potential for offshore winds to form a lee‐side eddy on the backshore or transfer sediment from the dune and berm crest to the water are evaluated, as are differences in wind speed and sediment transport on the dune crest, berm crest and a pedestrian access gap. The dune is 18–20 m wide near the base and has a crest 4.5 m above backshore elevation. Two sand‐trapping fences facilitate accretion. Data were obtained from wind vanes on the crest and lee of the dune and anemometers and sand traps placed across the dune, on the beach berm crest and in the access gap. Mean wind direction above the dune crest varied from 11 to 3 deg from shore normal. No persistent recirculation eddy occurred on the 12 deg seaward slope. Wind speed on the berm crest was 85–89% of speed at the dune crest, but rates of sediment transport were 2.27 times greater during the strongest winds, indicating that a wide beach overcomes the transport limitation of a dune barrier. Limited transport on the seaward dune ramp indicates that losses to the water are mostly from the backshore, not the dune. The seaward slope gains sand from the landward slope and dune crest. Sand fences causing accretion on the dune ramp during onshore winds lower the seaward slope and reduce the likelihood of detached flows during offshore winds. Transport rates are higher in access gaps than on the dune crest despite lower wind speeds because of flatter slopes and absence of vegetation. Transport rates across dunes and through gaps can be reduced using vegetation and raised walkover structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental study of aeolian sand ripples in a wind tunnel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Hong Cheng  Chenchen Liu  Jifeng Li  Bo Liu  Zhongquan Zheng  Xueyong Zou  Liqiang Kang  Yi Fang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):312-321

The topographic parameters and propagation velocity of aeolian sand ripples reflect complex erosion, transport, and deposition processes of sand on the land surface. In this study, three Nikon cameras located in the windward (0–1 m), middle (4.5–5.5 m), and downwind (9–10 m) zones of a 10 m long sand bed are used to continuously record changes in sand ripples. Based on the data extracted from these images, this study reaches the following conclusions. (1) The initial formation and full development times of sand ripples over a flatbed decrease with wind velocity. (2) The wavelengths of full development sand ripples are approximately twice the wavelengths of initially formed sand ripples. Both wavelengths increase linearly with friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the wavelength increases linearly with time. (3) The propagation velocity of full development sand ripples is approximately 0.6 times that of the initially formed sand ripples. The propagation velocity of both initial and full development of sand ripples increase as power functions with respect to friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the propagation velocity decreases with time following a power law. These results provide new information for understanding the formation and evolution of aeolian sand ripples and help improve numerical simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献