X射线荧光光谱法测定生物样品中氯硫氮磷钾铜锌溴   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

刘玉纯  梁述廷  徐厚玲  吴永斌 《岩矿测试》2008,27(1):41-44

研究了用微晶纤维素垫底镶边粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱测定生物样品中的Cl、S、N、P、K、Cu、Zn和Br的分析方法。重点研究了N的分析条件和校正方式,K、Cu和Zn的内标选定,测量次数对测定结果的影响。方法的检出限、精密度和准确度基本满足生物样品的分析要求。方法用于实际生物样品的测定,结果与化学法相符。  相似文献   

河南省漯河市地下温热水允许开采量的计算     

苗长军  高六一  李华杰 《地下水》2008,30(1):27-27

河南省漯河市温热水资源分布于地下600~1 200 m,水温40℃~60℃。为探明地热水储量,进行了抽水试验。通过四组抽水试验获得相关参数后,采用均衡计算法求出了工作区的允许开采量。通过计算得出:漯河市温热水允许开采量为9 933 m3/d。  相似文献   

Implementing the Landfill Directive in Greece: problems, perspectives and lessons to be learned     

KATIA LASARIDI 《The Geographical journal》2009,175(4):261-273

Due to the increasing pressure from the European Union, in the last decade the waste management landscape in Greece has been going through drastic changes, especially regarding policies and legislation. Shifts in management practices, however, have been considerably slower. A major component of this shift is the requirement by the Landfill Directive (LD) to divert increasing quantities of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) from landfilling. Making use of the four-year extension allowed to countries heavily reliant on landfills, Greece will have to achieve the LD diversion targets in the period 2010–2020. In this paper the main aspects of the LD are outlined and critically placed in the context of the EU waste policy and the priorities of the new Waste Directive. The current state of waste management in Greece is presented with the main planning for new BMW treatment infrastructure. The complex and multifaceted barriers to successful implementation of waste policies in Greece are discussed using the case study of the LD, in an effort to draw lessons for the New Member States.  相似文献   

Lithological controls on biological activity and groundwater chemistry in Quaternary sediments     

Rebecca Bartlett  Simon H. Bottrell  Karen Sinclair  Steve Thornton  Ian D. Fielding  Dave Hatfield 《水文研究》2010,24(6):726-735

Depth profiles of solute chemistry and sulfate isotopic compositions are presented for groundwater and pore water in a sequence of Quaternary glacial outwash sediments. Sand units show evidence for hydraulic connection to the surface and thus modern sources of solutes. Finer‐grained sediments show a general pattern of increasing solute concentrations with depth, with sulfate derived from ancient rainwater and pyrite oxidation in the soil/drift. In these sediments sulfate has undergone bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) to produce biogenic sulfide. In clay sediments, with d₁₀ ≤ 1·6 µm, high concentrations of sulfate and acetate now co‐exist, implying that BSR is inhibited. The correlation with smaller sediment grain size indicates that this is due to pore size exclusion of the sulfate reducing bacteria. Mechanical restriction of microbial function thus provides a fundamental limitation on microbial respiration in buried clay‐rich sediments, which acts as a control on the chemical evolution of their pore waters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

日本国家尺度生物多样性综合评价概况及启示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈平  田竹君  李曌  刘朋 《地理科学》2015,35(9):1130-1139

作为生物多样性公约缔约国,日本通过制定并修订生物多样性国家战略、颁布《生物多样性基本法》等政策加强生物多样性保护。2008年,日本成立生物多样性综合评价委员会,应用DPSIR概念模型建立综合评价指标体系,由14项原因评价指标和16项状态评价指标构成,共计30项评价指标;使用行政统计、国土资源调查、环境监测及科学研究等104种数据,对1950s以来50 a间日本全境的生物多样性状况进行了综合评价。日本生物多样性综合评价的管理特征和综合特征十分突出。评价方式是利用已有调查和监测数据（定量数据）,分析因果关系,得出趋势结论,提出相应对策,为一种定性和定量相结合的趋势分析之综合评价方法。评价区域分为森林、农田、城市、陆地水域、沿岸和海洋、岛屿（离岛）六大生态系统类型区,分析了造成日本生物多样性损失的四次大的危机。探讨了其对中国生物多样性评价工作的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

固沙植被区生物土壤结皮中蓝藻群落的多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲍婧婷  王进  陈翠云 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1592-1598

采用非培养法对腾格里沙漠沙坡头固沙植被区的蓝藻多样性进行了研究,通过蓝藻通用引物PCR扩增其16S rDNA序列并构建16S rDNA文库,对阳性克隆进行测序、比对分析和构建系统发育树,同时通过Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、Chao和ACE丰富度指数及Simpson优势度指数对蓝藻多样性进行比较分析。结果表明:腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区蓝藻可分为5大类:颤藻目(Oscillatoriales,64.55%),色球藻目(Chroococcales,1.82%),念珠藻目(Nostocales,16.36%),宽球藻目(Pleurocapsales,6.82%)和未分类蓝藻(10.45%)。人工固沙植被区经过57年的恢复,蓝藻群落Chao和ACE丰富度指数均明显小于天然植被区(恢复逾100年),而且其群落结构与天然植被区仍然存在着统计学显著差异的区别,说明荒漠区生态系统微生物多样性的恢复是一个长期的过程。  相似文献   

Vegetation succession in deglaciated landscapes: implications for sediment and landscape stability          下载免费PDF全文

Megan J. Klaar  Chris Kidd  Edward Malone  Rebecca Bartlett  Gilles Pinay  F. Stuart Chapin  Alexander Milner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(8):1088-1100

Landscapes exposed by glacial retreat provide an ideal natural laboratory to study the processes involved in transforming a highly disturbed, glacially influenced landscape to a stable, diverse ecosystem which supports numerous species and communities. Large‐scale vegetation development and changes in sediment availability, used as a proxy for paraglacial adjustment following rapid deglaciation, were assessed using information from remote sensing. Delineation of broad successional vegetation cover types was undertaken using Landsat satellite imagery (covering a 22 year period) to document the rate and trajectory of terrestrial vegetation development. Use of a space‐for‐time substitution in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, allowed ‘back‐calculation’ of the age and stage of development of six catchments over 206 years. The high accuracy (89.2%) of the remotely sensed information used in monitoring successional change allowed detection of a high rate of change in vegetation classes in early successional stages (bare sediment and alder). In contrast, later successional stages (spruce and spruce–hemlock dominated forest) had high vegetation class retention, and low turnover. Modelled rates of vegetation change generally confirmed the estimated rates of successional turnover previously reported. These data, when combined with the known influence of terrestrial succession on soil development and sediment availability, suggest how physical and biological processes interact over time to influence paraglacial adjustment following deglaciation. This study highlights the application of remote sensing of successional chronosequence landscapes to assess the temporal dynamics of paraglacial adjustment following rapid deglaciation and shows the importance of incorporating bio‐physical interactions within landscape evolution models. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

2-(N-芳基氨甲基)苯并异噻唑啉酮类化合物对海洋浮游生物的生长抑制活性研究     

刘冬东  施佳乐  胡玥  王爱明  王向辉  林强  杨建新 《海洋学研究》2015,33(3):48-53

本文研究了13个2-(N-芳基氨甲基)苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮类化合物对球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana、亚心形扁藻Platymonas subcordiformis及舟形藻Navicula的生长抑制性能,并测试了其对藤壶二期无节幼虫的生物活性。结果表明:2-(N-芳基氨甲基)苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮类化合物对球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻和舟形藻都有良好的生长抑制活性,其中对球等鞭金藻和亚心形扁藻的抑制作用较强;对藤壶幼虫的生物活性测试表明,化合物最低质量浓度为2.0 mg/L时,除化合物g和l,都具有良好的生长抑制活性。化合物的结构与浮游生物的生长抑制活性关系表现为间位取代优于对位取代。  相似文献   

降雪对生物土壤结皮光合及呼吸作用的影响     

李刚  刘立超  高艳红  赵杰才  杨昊天 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):998-1006

通过对降雪处理下2种生物土壤结皮（藓类结皮和藻类结皮）光合及呼吸作用的测定,研究了降雪后生物土壤结皮净光合速率和呼吸速率的变化特征。结果表明：冬季生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率受空气温度,辐射及土壤水分的影响,水分是关键影响因子;生物土壤结皮的光合及呼吸作用主要有3个阶段性的变化;降雪后生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率都会先增加后降低;生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率变化会受到积雪覆盖、降雪改变温度及水分的影响;生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率与降雪量正相关。本研究证实了冬季生物土壤结皮的光合与呼吸作用不可忽略,对全球碳循环过程有重要意义。  相似文献   

沙坡头地区生物土壤结皮-土壤系统生长季氮矿化动态     

虎瑞  王新平  潘颜霞  张亚峰  张浩  陈宁 《中国沙漠》2016,36(1):174-180

以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头天然植被区藻地衣混生结皮和无结皮土壤为对象,采用野外原状土柱封顶埋管法,研究土壤硝态氮、无机氮、净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率的季节动态特征。结果表明:藻地衣混生结皮和无结皮土壤有效氮含量和净氮转化速率存在明显的季节动态,表现为生长季高峰期 > 生长季初期,夏季7月和8月土壤有效氮和净氮转化速率最大;两个样地土壤在生长季不同时期有效氮和净氮转化速率也存在差异。生长季初期,藻地衣混生结皮和无结皮土壤硝态氮和无机氮含量无显著差异,且温度是影响土壤氮素转化的关键环境因子。生长季高峰期,两个样地土壤有效氮含量和净硝化速率均表现为无结皮 > 藻地衣混生结皮,且水分和温度分别是影响土壤氮硝化和矿化过程的关键环境因子。由此可见,藻地衣结皮的繁衍在一定程度上抑制了土壤氮的硝化过程,因而可以减少养分的散失,是养分贮存的重要机制。  相似文献