邢台地震的震后异常分析     

傅德川  张子广 《华北地震科学》1995,13(3):44-50

对１９６６年３月８日邢台６．８级地震后的异常进行了逐项分析与讨论，发现有些震后异常与后续７．２级主震有比较可信的内在联系。本文在归纳邢台震后异常特征的基础上，提出了６条可能在同类条件下对预报后续地震具有普遍意义的意见。  相似文献   

甘肃省畜牧气候资源分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

葛秉钧 《干旱气象》1995,(1)

从甘肃省畜牧气候资源基本特点出发，着重分析了畜牧业界限温度指标、时空分布以及气候条件对牧草产量、家畜膘情变化、牧事活动的影响。  相似文献   

Estimates of global N2O emissions from cattle, pig and chicken manure, including a discussion of CH4 emissions     

M. G. M. Berges  P. J. Crutzen 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):241-269

Humans seem to have doubled the global rate of terrestrial nitrogen fixation. Globally 50–70% (85 Tg, 1 Tg=10¹² g) of the nitrogen supplied in fertilizer (80 Tg N/a) and leguminous crops (40–80 Tg N/a) are used to feed cattle. The aim of the present study was to derive some estimates of global N₂O production from animal manure. As the parameter giving the most stable numerical basis for regional and global extrapolation we adopted the molar emission ratios of N₂O to NH₃. These ratios were measured in cattle, pig and chicken housings with different manure handling systems, in dung-heaps and in liquid manure storage tanks. Individual molar emission ratios from outside manure piles varied over two orders of magnitude, strongly dependent on the treatment of the manure. A median emission ratio of 1.6×10^-2 (n=65) was obtained in cow-sheds with slatted floors and liquid manure stored underneath and a median ratio of 24×10^-2 (n=31) was measured in a beef cattle housing with a solid manure handling system.We next extrapolated to global NH₃ emissions from those estimated for Europe, using N uptake by the animals as a scaling factor. Multiplication with observed N₂O to NH₃ ratios next provided some estimates of regional and global N₂O emissions. To account for the great variability of the emission ratios of N₂O/NH₃, we developed upper and lower case emission scenarios, based on lower and upper quartiles of measured emission ratios. The global emission from cattle and swine manure is in the range of 0.2–2.5 Tg N-N₂O/a, representing 44+-39% of the annual atmospheric accumulation rate. This N₂O emission arises from about 40 Tg N/a of cattle and pig manure stored in or at animal housings. We did not account for N₂O emissions from another 50 Tg N/a excreted by grazing cattle, goats and sheep, and application of the manure to agricultural fields. Our study makes it clear that major anthropogenic N₂O emissions may well arise from animal manure. The large uncertainty of emission ratios, which we encountered, show that much more intense research efforts are necessary to determine the factors that influence N₂O emissions from domestic animal manure both in order to derive a more reliable global estimate of N₂O release and to propose alternative waste treatment methods causing smaller N₂O releases. In our studies we found large enhancements in N₂O releases when straw was added to the manure, which is a rather common practice. In view of the ongoing discussion in Europe to re-install the traditional solid manure system (bed down cattle) for environmental and animal welfare reasons, it is noteworthy that our measurements indicate highest N₂O release from this particulary system.In a similar manner, but based on a smaller data set, we also estimated the release of CH₄ from cattle and swine manure and from liquid manure only to be about 9 Tg/year in good agreement with the estimate by the Environmental Protection Agency (1994) of 8.6+-2.6 Tg/year. A total annual methane release as high as 34 Tg/a was derived for solid and liquid cattle and pig manure from animals in housings.  相似文献   

震前动物习性异常与地震关系的研究     

马志峰  黄积刚 《地震研究》1996,19(2):162-167

本简要介绍了枣庄地震动物试验的观测和研究概况，以鹦鹉鸣叫活动资料分析为例，探讨了试验区２００ｋｍ范围内，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震前所发生的异常活动。从而阐明利用动物出现的行为异常预报地震的可能性。  相似文献   

重新认识人类与动物:西方新动物地理学研究进展     

廖健豪  蔡浩辉  陶伟 《地理科学》2021,41(11):1980-1991

选取并分析585篇与新动物地理学相关的西方文献,进一步梳理了理论起源及研究议题,发现：① 1995—2005年是新动物地理学的探索起步阶段,2005年至今则是蓬勃发展阶段;② 英国是该研究领域的中心地区;③ 当前新动物地理学研究主要通过“以人类为中心”（动物空间）和“以动物为中心”（兽性地方）两大线索展开,前者重点关注于人类世界,研究话题涉及人类社会不平等、作为人类社会生产要素的动物和人类对动物的生命管治,后者则在新的认识论与方法论的基础上,发展形成了其主要议题,包括动物主体性和能动性、动物伦理再思考以及人类动物和谐共存的实践探索。  相似文献   

甘肃省畜牧产业集聚的空间格局研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈强强  叶得明 《干旱区地理》2018,41(3):652-660

运用引力模型及其拓展测度指标,对甘肃省所辖14个市（州）畜牧业综合质量、区域间引力值和断裂点距离值进行测算,分析畜牧产业集聚的空间格局,集聚中心形成机理及其辐射范围。结果表明：甘肃省畜牧业区域发展不平衡,整体呈现出"西高东低"的梯度特征,并可划分为5级梯度。畜牧产业发展的空间集聚特征明显,已形成以白银市和甘南州为二级集聚中心的"双核心"空间结构：以白银为中心,辐射带动兰州、定西两个三级集聚中心构成了甘肃中部畜牧产业集聚区;以甘南为中心,连同三级集聚中心临夏带动陇南、辐射天水成为甘肃南部产业集聚区。以武威为三级集聚中心,辐射张掖、金昌等市形成河西走廊产业集聚区;以庆阳为中心,联动平凉市的陇东产业集聚热点区初步显现。本研究对分析产业空间结构特征和制定推动产业集聚策略具有重要意义。  相似文献   

区域农牧业可持续发展决策支持系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚艳敏  王立刚  陈仲新  唐华俊  李文科  王毅敏  马成龙  白锐峥  陈敦善  费健雄 《地域研究与开发》2007,26(2):112-116,123

以区域农牧业可持续发展为研究对象,采用地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)的"3S"技术和数据库技术,建立了区域资源环境、社会经济空间和属性数据库.通过计算机技术、GIS技术和数据库技术构建了区域农牧业可持续发展决策支持系统,集成了耕地利用评估模型和草地建设管理模型,并进行了山西省雁门关生态畜牧经济区的实证研究.区域农牧业可持续发展决策支持系统将为农业结构调整、农牧业可持续发展提供决策支持.  相似文献   

Occurrence of organochlorine pollutants in the eggs and dropping-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance     

Vetter WALTER 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1086-1096

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are analyzed for the dropping-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hepata-chlorobiphenyls,hexachlorobiphenyls,p,p′-DDE and α-HCH compounds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of ΣPCB,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g respectively; those in the eggs of penguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant petrel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g respectively. The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB180,PCB153,p,p′-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The present study shows that the concentration of POPs in the sea-bird-inhabited-dropping-amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of dif-ferent seabird populations. Statistical analysis on the POP concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern,and nest occupation. Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern. This shows that POPs accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210Pb dating for the dropping-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was performed,which provided the POP accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil profile. It indicates that POP will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.  相似文献   

新疆吐哈盆地侏罗纪湖相动物遗迹化石的发现及古环境意义   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

张建平  薛叔浩  杨式溥  吴因业 《现代地质》2000,14(3):373-378

对首次在吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系发现的分布于不同剖面、不同层位中的动物遗迹化石进行了系统研究。主要分析了研究区内动物遗迹化石的特征 ,将之划分为六大类型 :( 1 )垂直居住迹 ;( 2 )垂直觅食迹 ;( 3 )“U”形管 ;( 4)潜穴系统 ;( 5)逃逸迹 ;( 6)停息迹。较详细地分析了各类型的形态特征和保存特点 ,简要分析了造迹生物的行为习性及环境意义。在此基础上 ,建立了本区动物遗迹化石的环境模式。同时指出 ,遗迹化石在陆相含油气盆地确实大量存在 ,并在储层研究中具广泛的实践意义。  相似文献   

海洋饵料动物脂肪酸的气相色谱分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

郑爱榕  李文权  陈清花  曹文清 《海洋技术学报》2000,19(2):31-38

本文以正十九碳酸(C19∶0)为内标,用HCl～CH3OH溶液对海洋饵料动物(纺缍水蚤、折皱臂尾轮虫和丰年虫)进行抽提酯化后做毛细管气相色谱分析.该法简便,易操作,重现性好,变异系数为0.2%～6.8%.  相似文献