生物不对称性变异在研究胁迫对水生生物的影响中的应用     

Dmitry Lajus  张学雷 《海洋科学进展》2003,21(2):236-242

化学污染，气候变化和养殖导致的遗传变化是影响水生生物的重要环境胁迫因素，会使生物种群的适应和竞争能力等健康指数降低。生物体发育的稳定性作为环境胁迫对生物健康指数的标志之一，在过去几十年的研究中得到了广泛的关注。生物发育的稳定性通常以生物不对称变异(即：与生物对称性的偏差)表示。与不对称的生物相比，具有对称性的生物个体通常生长较快、繁殖力强、存活率也高；不适宜环境往往导致生物体不对称性变异程度增加。主要就生物不对称性变异的原理、实际测定中的问题及该方法在水生生物研究中的适用范围进行了论述。  相似文献   

水产养殖病害及其药物控制与水产品安全   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

战文斌  刘洪明  王越 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(5):758-760

针对目前我国水产养殖过程中对发生的病害多采用药物控制极易造成因药物使用不当或盲目用药等原因，使细菌产生耐药性、水产品中出现药物残留、养殖环境不断恶化的同时，最终会影响食品安全的现状。从常见病毒病、细菌病，以及寄生虫病等论述开展对药物残留毒性研究，重视专用渔药研制、加强用药指导，减少用药盲目性等工作的重要性。  相似文献   

活性多糖对水产动物免疫功能的调节   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

孙翠慈  王安利  王素芬  张海涛  胡俊荣 《海洋通报》2003,22(3):81-88

活性多糖是一种免疫增强剂，它能增强水产动物的非特异性免疫功能，提高机体抗病能力，而且具有无药物残留、无污染以及病原菌不产生抗药性等优点。本文按照多糖的来源及组成对其进行了分类，并且着重综述了活性多糖的免疫作用机理、活性多糖对水产动物的免疫功能的调节以及抗应激作用。在实际应用中活性多糖的活性受其剂量、作用时效、分子结构和给予方式等因素的影响，本文对此也进行了讨论，以期为该领域的研究工作与水产动物的健康养殖提供一些参考。  相似文献   

柱前衍生-RP-HPLC方法测定水产品中生物胺   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李志军  薛长湖  封锦芳  周蕊  周雪飞  吴永宁  赵云峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(3):427-431

建立同时测定水产品中多种生物胺的丹磺酰氯柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱方法。用5%TCA提取样品中生物胺,正己烷脱脂,正丁醇/氯仿(1/1,v/v)萃取,以1,7二胺庚烷为内标,丹磺酰氯为衍生剂衍生后,采用CAPCELL PAK C18MG(4.6 mm I.D.×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇/水为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速1.5 mL/min。荧光检测器的激发波长(Ex)350 nm,发射波长(Em)520 nm。结果显示:色胺、苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺、精胺和亚精胺等8种生物胺在30 min内完全分离。在给定的浓度范围内,待测生物胺峰面积与内标峰面积之比同其相应浓度呈良好的线性相关(r>0.99)。仪器重复性良好(RSD<1.34%),方法重复性也在可接收范围内(RSD<10%)。除色胺(57.7%)外,其它7种生物胺的样品平均回收率均在94.2%~110.3%之间。结果表明生物胺的HPLC检测方法,分离度好,灵敏度高,可快捷、准确地对水产品中生物胺进行定性和定量检测。  相似文献   

Adaptive Management of Urban Ecosystem Restoration: Learning From Restoration Managers in Rhode Island,USA     

Kristen Hychka  Caroline Gottschalk Druschke 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(11):1358-1373

Urban aquatic restoration can be difficult to accomplish because of complications like industrial pollutants, population density, infrastructure, and expense; however, unique opportunities in urban settings, including the potential to provide benefits to many diverse people, can make urban restoration especially rewarding. The success of urban restoration projects—even those focused primarily on ecological targets—depends on community involvement and managers considering community needs. However, research on the social barriers to urban restoration and strategies managers use to overcome them is relatively rare. This work attempts to fill that gap by presenting barriers for aquatic restoration projects in urban settings and strategies to overcome them. Building from interviews with restoration managers involved in urban aquatic restoration projects in Rhode Island, we contribute through an adaptive management approach: identifying and synthesizing the lessons learned from managers’ work in urban settings. Ultimately, we suggest potential for double- and triple-loop learning by disentangling and critiquing the frames and policy/power structures that influence decision making in urban aquatic restoration.  相似文献   

水生生态系统中的捕食与生物多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘正文 《海洋湖沼通报》1997,(2):19-24

捕食在水生生态系统中有重要的作用，是影响生物多样性的主要因素子之一。选择性的捕食中能使被喜食的猎物种类从水体中消失，使生物多样性降低。这种捕食也可能抑制优势种的发展，占免竞争排斥，提高猎生物多样性。  相似文献   

水生生态系统中汞-硒相互作用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

南雪娇  余晓平  郭金玲  郭亚飞  邓天龙 《岩矿测试》2016,35(1):1-9

甲基汞是汞存在于水生生态系统(水体、沉积物和水生生物)毒性最强的形态,并通过食物链的传递对生物体产生危害,因此有效控制汞的甲基化过程是汞环境化学和毒理学研究的重要课题。生物体内硒对汞的甲基化过程有明显的抑制作用,明确汞和硒在水生生态系统的形态特征以及汞-硒相互作用机制,有助于解决汞污染问题。汞在生物体内的毒性与生物体内硒含量紧密相关,汞与硒相之间的相互作用主要表现在生成不溶的化合物促使汞去甲基化或受生物体内硒相关酶抑制被直接排除于生物体外,从而抑制了汞的毒害作用。本文评述了汞、硒在水生生态系统中的形态特征,指出在水体中合理添加硒化合物可抑制无机汞在生物体内甲基化过程,深入研究生物体内汞和硒相互作用机制及其生理效应是该领域未来发展方向。  相似文献   

水环境中苯系污染物的分析研究进展     

王爽  邓天龙 《岩矿测试》2008,27(2):141-145

苯系污染物(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)是环境中重点优先监测的致癌污染物。文章介绍了近年来国内外在水环境中苯系污染物的分析研究进展,内容主要包括:胶束电动毛细管色谱法(MECC)、吹扫捕集-气相色谱法(PT-GC)、吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法(PT-GC-MS)、顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-便携式微火焰离子化(portable GC-μFID)等联测分析技术与方法。  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous Aquatic Angiosperms from Jiayin, Heilongjiang,Northeast China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

QUAN Cheng  SUN Ge 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)

Three taxa of Late Cretaceous aquatic angiosperms,Queruexia angulata(Lesq.)Krysht., Cobbania corrugata(Lesq.)Stockey et al.and Nelumbites cf.extenuinervis Upchurch et al.from Jiayin of Heilongjiang,NE China,are described in detail.Among them,Cobbania and Nelumbites from the Upper Cretaceous in China are reported for the first time.The aquatic angiosperm assemblage of Queruexia-Cobbania-Nelumbites appears to imply a seasonal,warm and moist environment in the Jiayin area during the Santonian-Campanian time.  相似文献   

Field study on flow structures within aquatic vegetation under combined currents and small-scale waves     

Yinghao Zhang  Xijun Lai  Jingxu Ma  Qian Zhang  Ru Yu  Xin Yao  Huanguang Deng 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14121

Field measurements were conducted to study the influence of aquatic vegetation on flow structures in floodplains under combined currents and wind-driven waves. Wave and turbulent velocities were decomposed from the time series of instantaneous velocity and analysed separately. In the present study, the wind waves were small, leading to the ratios of wave excursion (E_w) to stem spacing (S) for all cases tested here were less than 0.5. This caused the vertical distributions of time-averaged velocity (U_horiz) and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) impacted by vegetation similar with the vegetated flow structures under pure current conditions. For emergent vegetation, U_horiz and TKE distributed uniformly through the entire water column or increased slightly from bed to water surface. Similar distributions were present in the lower part of submerged vegetation. In the upper part of submerged vegetation, U_horiz and TKE increased rapidly toward water surface and TKE reached its maximum near the top of vegetation. The measured wave orbital velocity (U_w) fitted linear wave theory well through the entire water depth for both the emergent and submerged cases, so that with small E_w/S the wave velocity was not attenuated within vegetation and U_w within canopy can be predicted by the linear wave theory under combined currents and waves. However, wind-driven waves made the turbulence generated near the top of canopy penetrate a deeper depth into vegetation than predictions under pure current conditions.  相似文献