水生入侵植物对常见水华的抑藻效应及其影响机理     

王赛君  吴湘  王奕棉  楼雯靓  卢雨芳 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(4):798-805

为促使水生入侵植物的资源化利用以减少其对环境的危害,本文选取我国3种常见水生入侵植物,即水浮莲(Pistia stratiotes)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)作为研究对象,研究不同的植物化感作用方式(植物种植水抑藻、植物粗提物抑藻)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)这3种常见水华微藻生长的抑制作用差异及其影响机理。结果表明,3种植物的种植水和粗提物均对不同微藻表现出选择性抑制作用,且种植水的抑藻效果总体强于粗提物。其中以空心莲子草种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用最强,共培养第7天藻细胞光密度OD750值下降78.19%,叶绿素a(chl a)含量下降96.61%。铜绿微囊藻在空心莲子草种植水影响下,藻细胞的呼吸速率先升高后降低,光合速率逐渐降低,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)等抗氧化酶的活性,以及蛋白质和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,由此可知铜绿微囊藻在共培养过程中受到了明显的胁迫和伤害。而在共培养第11天,实验组的胞外藻毒素含量较对照组仅增加8.69%,差异不显著(P0.05),说明空心莲子草种植水在有效抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的同时不会促进藻毒素的释放,具有较好的生态安全性。  相似文献   

Aquatic vegetation dynamics in two pit lakes related to interannual water level fluctuation     

Lilin Zheng  Pengfei Zhan  Jinying Xu  Ligang Xu  Zhiqiang Tan  Xiaolong Wang 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2645-2659

Water regime characteristics have been recognized as critical factors for aquatic vegetation. In this study, we examined changes in aquatic vegetation coverage area in two shallow sub-lakes of Poyang Lake (Bang Lake and Cuoji Lake) during the dry season from 1987 to 2017. The relationships between eight water regime components (annual average water level, annual maximum water level, annual minimum water level, and flooded days at five water levels [11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 m]) and aquatic vegetation coverage area were determined. The most critical water regimes were identified and results demonstrated that aquatic vegetation coverage area in Bang Lake and Cuoji Lake peaked in drier years (2005 and 2009, respectively) with no obvious up or down trend. Water regimes indicating high flow events such as annual maximum water level, flooded days at water level 19 m, and annual average water level were found to be more important for predicting aquatic vegetation. High-flow events appear to be essential for understanding aquatic vegetation dynamics in pit lakes, yet overall the influences of water level fluctuation on aquatic vegetation varied among wetland units of Poyang Lake. This study helps to understand the hydroecological dynamics in connected lakes further and provide a reference for the lake management and protection.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Influence of Aquatic Plants and Lake Bottom on the Remote-Sensing Reflectance of Optically Shallow Waters     

Yuanzhi Zhang  Hongtao Duan  Hongyan Xi  Zhaojun Huang  JinYeu Tsou  Tingchen Jiang 《大气与海洋》2018,56(4):277-288

Abstract

Aquatic plants and lake bottoms in optically shallow waters (OSWs) wield great influence on reflectance spectra, resulting in the inapplicability of most existing bio-optical models for water colour remote sensing in lakes. Based on radiative transfer theory and measured spectra from a campaign for Lake Taihu in October 2008, absorption and backscattering coefficients were used to simulate the remote-sensing reflectance, which are considered to be reliable if matched to their measured counterparts. Several cases of measured spectra at different depths, Secchi disk depth transparency, and aquatic plant height and coverage were analyzed thoroughly for spectral properties. The contribution of aquatic plants was evaluated and compared with the measured and simulated remote-sensing reflectance values. This is helpful for removing the influence of aquatic plants and lake bottoms from the spectra and for constructing an improved chlorophyll a retrieval model for OSWs, such as that for Lake Taihu, China.  相似文献   

水环境中氮磷形态分析方法研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐青  吴怡  廖梦霞  邓天龙 《岩矿测试》2008,27(2):137-141

归纳总结了近年来国内外水环境中氮、磷形态分析方法的研究新进展,并着重介绍了氮、磷在水环境中赋存形态的分类、分析测定方法,这对于深入揭示水环境中氮、磷的赋存形态及研究环境与生物地球化学循环有着重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响——以太湖中两种典型沉水植物为例   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张英豪  赖锡军  张琳  姚昕  邓焕广 《水科学进展》1990,31(3):441-449

为研究风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响，选取太湖中两种典型沉水植物（苦草与马来眼子菜）为研究对象，分别对苦草植物斑块与马来眼子菜植物斑块内外水体的瞬时流速进行野外现场测量，利用瞬时流速的能量谱分布将波浪流速与紊动流速分离，分别分析水生植物对时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能的影响。风浪影响下，水体中存在流向与测量时近水面处盛行风向一致的水流；波浪流速以垂向流速为主，且波浪流速自水面向床底逐渐减小；紊动能在水面处达到最大值，并向床底方向逐渐减小。与无植被条件相比，苦草与马来眼子菜的存在减小了时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能。两种植物形态上的差异，导致其对水流结构的影响不同：苦草叶片阻流面积在冠层中部达到最大，使得时均流速与波浪流速在苦草中部位置的减小程度最大；马来眼子菜叶片主要集中于冠层顶部（水面附近），其对时均流速以及波浪流速的减小作用在水面处达到最大。  相似文献   

拉萨河源头水域中浮游生物、鱼类资源调查与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕永磊  郝世鑫  王宠  孙东方  王晓通  刘海平  商鹏 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(2):407-413

拉萨河是西藏重要的河流之一,流经多个县市,拉萨河的生态性调查和环境保护对西藏的社会和经济发展重要意义。本调查在拉萨河上游11个乡镇分别进行断面取点调查,对各乡镇境内拉萨河段进行浮游生物与鱼类取样统计分析。本次调查中,共检出浮游植物76个种类,其中硅藻门48种,占总种类数的63.2%;绿藻门12种,占总种类数的15.8%;蓝藻门6种,占总种类数的7.9%;金藻门4种,占总种类数的5.3%;隐藻门3种,占总种类数的3.9%;黄藻门和裸藻门各1种,分别占总种类数的1.3%;共检出浮游动物4大类50种,其中原生动物24种,占总种数的48%;轮虫12种,占总种数的24%;枝角类10种,占总种数的20%;桡足类4种,占总种数的8%;共发现1目2科5属的鱼类5种,均为鲤形目,本地鱼类有3种,占总数的60%,外来种有2种,占到总数的40%,其中拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan)和双须叶须鱼[Ptychobarbus dipogon(Regan)]为雅鲁藏布江特有鱼类。本次调查采集到的外来鱼种有棒花鱼和鳅鱼两种。经本次调查,西藏拉萨河源头流域,生物多样性略贫乏,尤其是鱼类种类较少。而鱼类保护工作面临的两大挑战就是外来鱼种入侵以及过度捕捞而造成的鱼类资源减少。  相似文献   

镉毒性与水产配合饲料中镉的允许量探讨   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

廖惠珍  林浪  陈启发 《台湾海峡》2001,20(Z1):155-158

本文概述了镉的存在形态和毒性以及其它一些问题，介绍了我国对有害化学物质食品卫生标准的制定步骤.建议立题研究饲料镉在鱼虾体内的生物活性、毒作用和蓄积问题，普查水产配合饲料大宗原料的镉含量.在此基础之上，制定渔用饲料中镉含量控制的合理标准.  相似文献   

《大德昌国州图志》中所记载的水产动物考释     

李才根 《海洋学研究》1993,11(4):55-59

《大德昌国州图志》是舟山市一部较早的县志。作者考释了《大德昌国州图志》中记载的水产动物共59种,其中鱼类36种(海水鱼32种,淡水鱼4种),贝类12种,节肢动物10种,腔肠动物1种。  相似文献   

水生细菌几种计数方法的比较   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

许兵  徐怀恕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(3)

应用吖啶橙染色直接计数(AODC)和活菌直接计数(DVC)测定了多种水环境样品中的细菌总数及活细菌数。以DVC法测定出的活细菌数较常规平板涂布培养法高2个数量级。夏季青岛沿海海水样品中以DVC法计活细菌数占总细菌数的6.57～27.07％。比较了不同浓度的酵母膏对生活污水中细菌DVC计数值的影响。  相似文献   

Use of submerged aquatic vegetation as habitat by young-of-the-year epibenthic fishes in shallow Maine nearshore waters     

M.A. Lazzari  B.Z. Stone 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):591

Epibenthic fishes were collected with daytime beam trawl tows (n = 1713) in three shallow (<10 m) habitats of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera marina (eelgrass), Laminaria longicruris (kelp), Phyllophora sp. (algae), and unvegetated sandy/mud areas. We divided the Maine coast into three broad zones based upon geological features and sampled over five consecutive years; during April–November 2000 in the mid coast, in 2001 and 2002 along the south coast and in 2003 and 2004 along the eastern Maine coast. We quantified habitat use by eight economically important fish species (Gadus morhua, Microgadus tomcod, Pollachius virens, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Osmerus mordax, Tautogolabrus adspersus, and Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and 10 other common epibenthic species (n = 18 571). We identified the physical and biological variables most important in discriminating between habitats with and without individual fish species. Logistic regression models based on nearshore habitat characteristics were developed to predict the distribution of these species along the three zones representing broad geological regions of the Maine coast. Logistic regression models correctly classified individual fish species 58.7–97.1% of the time based on the temporal and physical habitat variables (month, temperature, salinity, and depth) and the presence–absence of submerged aquatic vegetation (Zostera, Laminaria, or Phyllophora). Overall fish presence and economically important fish presence were correctly classified 61.1–79.8% and 66.0–73.6% of the time, respectively. The Maine shallow water fish community was composed primarily of young-of-the-year and juvenile fishes with all habitats functioning as facultative nursery areas. Presence of most fish species was positively associated with Zostera, Laminaria, and to a lesser extent, Phyllophora. This study provides direct evidence of shallow waters of the Gulf of Maine as critical facultative nursery habitat for juvenile G. morhua, M. tomcod, P. virens, U. tenuis, U. chuss, T. adspersus, O. mordax and P. americanus, and many ecologically important species.  相似文献