Monitoring the brazilian pasturelands: A new mapping approach based on the landsat 8 spectral and temporal domains     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

In a world marked by a rapid population expansion and an unprecedented increase in per capita income and consumption, sustainable food production is certainly the most pressing issue affecting mankind. Within this context, the brazilian pasturelands, the main land-use form in the country, constitute a particularly important asset as a land reserve, which, through improved land-use strategies and intensification, can meet food security goals and contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we utilized the entire set of Landsat 8 images available for Brazil in 2015, from which dozens of seasonal metrics were derived, to produce, through objective criteria and automated classification strategies, a new pasture map for the country. Based on the Random Forest algorithm, individually modelled and applied to each one of the 380 Landsat scenes covering the Brazilian territory, our map showed an overall accuracy of 87%. Another result of this study was the thorough spatial and temporal assessment of Landsat 8 data availability in Brazil, which indicated that about 80% of the country had 12 or fewer observations free of clouds or cloud shadows in 2015.  相似文献   

CORS系统移动基准站的设计与实现     

张桦  刘文建  彭冬林  龚根生 《测绘科学》2017,42(7)

针对CORS系统RTK服务盲区(RTK使用困难或无法使用)的问题,提出了在CORS系统服务盲区附近建立移动的CORS基准站。通过加密区域CORS系统的基站分布,缩短站间距,改善CORS系统网络RTK在该区域的可用性。通过设计实现的CORS移动基准站系统测试表明:在精度上,移动基准站达到与常规CORS基准站同等的效果,平面x,y≤5cm,高程H≤10cm;在可用性方面,CORS移动基准站自主供电、携带方便、组网灵活,区域网络RTK可用性明显提高。在应急测绘、救灾和临时加密CORS基准站系统等中具有借鉴和实用意义。  相似文献   

Importance of feeding on regenerable parts of prey for juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus in estuarine habitats   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Takeshi Tomiyama  Satoshi Katayama  Michio Omori  Hitoshi Honda 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):297-308

Prey availability is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of nursery grounds. Estuaries play an important role as nursery grounds for juvenile stone flounder, but the mechanism behind the consistently high availability of prey has never been examined. This study investigates which prey is mainly selected by juvenile stone flounder (15–55 mm standard length) in the estuary of the Natori River, northern Japan. In a cage experiment, juveniles showed positive selection for the palps of the spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi in March, and for the siphons of the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea in April, May and June in both sandy and muddy-sand habitats. This selective predation showed that sublethal predation on regenerable parts of invertebrates is important for stone flounder. Nuttallia olivacea, the dominant bivalve in the estuary, was more abundant and in better somatic condition in the sandy area in spite of the stronger siphon-cropping pressure by juvenile stone flounder. These results confirm that sublethal predation on highly abundant benthos plays an important role in forming estuarine habitats into areas of high prey availability for juvenile stone flounder, which leads to their high growth rate.  相似文献   

Evaluating the impact of an agricultural land‐use change adaptation strategy on household crop production in semi‐arid Ghana     

Biola K. Badmos  Grace B. Villamor  Sampson K. Agodzo  Samuel N. Odai  Olabisi S. Badmos 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2021,42(1):65-84

In this study, the Land Use Dynamic Simulator model was applied to investigate the impact of farm credit as an adaptation strategy to cope with effects of climate variability on agricultural land‐use change and crop production in the Vea watershed in Ghana. The authors identified the determinants of crop choices within the landscape (e.g., farm household and biophysical characteristics of farm plot). The crop choice sub‐model was then linked to the crop yield sub‐model to determine the yields of selected crops. In adapting to the impacts of climate variability, the maize credit adoption sub‐model under the maize cultivation credit scenario was integrated into decision‐making. This was simulated for a 20‐year period, and compared with the business‐as‐usual scenario. Under the simulated maize credit scenario, maize adopters increased from about 20 per cent to about 50 per cent and the area allocated for maize cultivation significantly increased by about 266 per cent. Consequently, the average annual aggregated household crop yield increased by 6.3 per cent higher than in the business‐as‐usual scenario. This simulation study shows that access to maize credit can significantly influence agricultural land‐use change and food availability in the study area. However, although access to farm credit may translate into food availability, the sustainability of this strategy is questionable.  相似文献   

Light requirements of the seagrass,Zostera muelleri,determined by observations at the maximum depth limit in a temperate estuary,New Zealand     

RH Bulmer  S Kelly  AG Jeffs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(2):183-194

The Kaipara Harbour in New Zealand is one of the largest estuarine systems in the world, containing significant areas of subtidal seagrass habitat (Zostera muelleri). Light availability at the maximum depth limit for Z. muelleri was measured at 2.10 (0.19 SEM) and 4.91 (0.53 SEM) mol photons m^?2 d^?1 during the winter and summer monitoring periods, respectively. The primary drivers of benthic light availability were found to be surface light availability, the timing of the low tide and water clarity. Core sampling analysis suggested that biomass of seagrass growing at the maximum depth limit was low, indicative of light limitation. The results of this study suggest that the subtidal distribution of seagrass in the Kaipara Harbour is light-limited and that reductions in water clarity due to changes in land use are likely to result in significant reductions in the extent and productivity of subtidal seagrass habitat.  相似文献   

QZSS对GPS区域性能增强分析     

李作虎  郝金明  李建文  张成军 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(1)

在日本和中国中东部地区,就日本准天顶卫星系统(QZSS)对GPS导航精度增强、完好性增强以及可用性增强进行了仿真计算比较。结果表明,只有3颗卫星组成的QZSS在这些区域内对GPS提供了有效的性能增强,而且随着卫星截止角的增加,这种性能增强显得更为明显;QZSS在战时可有效降低由于部分GPS卫星失效而导致的性能恶化程度。分析结果对于我国在中部地区和东部热点地区有效利用GNSS导航资源具有指导作用。  相似文献   

美国阿拉斯加金矿资源特征及远景区预测     

余石勇 《地质与勘探》2020,56(6):1296-1304

阿拉斯加位于北美洲西北部,是美国最大的州,经历了约2亿年的地质构造演化,具有丰富的矿产资源,尤其是以岩金为主的黄金资源。中国对阿拉斯加地区研究较少,中文资料匮乏。通过研究,为保护中国黄金资源和推动中国企业在阿拉斯加“走出去”走出去提供了基础资料。收集资料发现,阿拉斯加金矿资源主要分布在东南部、西南部、中南部、中部和西部地区。金矿类型分为造山型、深成岩体型、侵入相关型、石英脉型、砂金型。通过分析阿拉斯加地质资料确定了4个远景区,由2个 Ⅰ 级远景区、1个 Ⅱ 级远景区和1个 Ⅲ 级远景区组成。建议中国企业关注 Ⅰ 级远景区。阿拉斯加金矿资源可利用性评价良好,值得中国企业关注。  相似文献   

Inter- and intraspecific variations of the chemical properties of high-Arctic mosses along water-regime gradients   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Takeshi Ueno  Takashi Osono  Hiroshi Kanda 《Polar Science》2009,3(2):134-138

We examined and compared the contents of organic chemical components (lignin-like compounds, total carbohydrates and extractives), carbon and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) among the mosses Calliergon giganteum, Hylocomium splendens, Racomitrium lanuginosum, and among three populations of H. splendens collected from habitats in contrasting water regimes in the Canadian high-arctic tundra. C:N:P ratios were analyzed among and within moss species. Mosses from hydric habitats had lower total carbohydrate and higher nutrients contents than did mosses from drier habitats; however, we found no intraspecific variations in nitrogen and calcium contents in the different populations of H. splendens along water-regime gradients. The contents in lignin-like compounds, extractives and carbon showed no clear trends along water-regime gradients. Mosses from hydric habitats had lower C:N, C:P and N:P ratios than mosses from drier habitats, although we found no intraspecific variations in C:N ratios in H. splendens along water-regime gradients. These results suggest that chemical properties of mosses, especially nutrient contents, are strongly correlated with water availability in high-Arctic tundra.  相似文献   

随机模型在地下水资源计算中的应用：随机水文地质计算理论与方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

潘宏雨  王国成 《世界地质》1999,18(4):58-63

详细论述了地下水系统作为随机系统的客观合理性,应用随机模型于地下水资源 计算问题的可行性和必要性,介绍了地下水动态数据的随机处理方法,分类讨论用随机微分方程模拟,预测地下水位;并引入了伊藤随机积分研究地下水运动规律;将反求水文地质参数一维求布依模型推广到导水边界和二维情形。  相似文献   

Changes in water availability in the Upper Blue Nile basin under the representative concentration pathways scenario     

Alemseged Tamiru Haile  Ashenafi Lekasa Akawka  Beza Berhanu  Tom Rientjes 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(13):2139-2149

Climatic and hydrological changes will likely be intensified in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) basin by the effects of global warming. The extent of such effects for representative concentration pathways (RCP) climate scenarios is unknown. We evaluated projected changes in rainfall and evapotranspiration and related impacts on water availability in the UBN under the RCP4.5 scenario. We used dynamically downscaled outputs from six global circulation models (GCMs) with unprecedented spatial resolution for the UBN. Systematic errors of these outputs were corrected and followed by runoff modelling by the HBV (Hydrologiska ByrånsVattenbalansavdelning) model, which was successfully validated for 17 catchments. Results show that the UBN annual rainfall amount will change by ?2.8 to 2.7% with a likely increase in annual potential evapotranspiration (in 2041–2070) for the RCP4.5 scenario. These changes are season dependent and will result in a likely decline in streamflow and an increase in soil moisture deficit in the basin.  相似文献