基于多源遥感影像的洞庭湖地形提取方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

隆院男  闫世雄  蒋昌波  吴长山  李志威  唐蓉 《地理学报》2019,74(7):1467-1481

湖底地形数据是湖泊流域规划与治理、湖区冲淤变化研究、水资源利用和生态环境保护的重要基础。但传统的大型湖泊湖底地形数据获取手段耗时长、投入大,因此,有必要研究一种基于遥感影像快速获取湖底地形数据的方法。本文以洞庭湖为研究对象,采用Landsat和MODIS系列遥感影像提取湖区边界,基于趋势面分析法和克里金插值法,反演湖区边界各点对应的水位,将带有水位信息的边界点作为高程点实现湖底地形反演,进一步用实测湖底地形验证反演方法的可靠性。研究结果表明,克里金插值法水位反演效果较好,交叉验证的误差标准平均值在0.2 m以内,水位样本点分布较多处,基于克里金法的地形反演绝对误差在1 m以内。本文利用湖泊淹没区域变化的特点快速获取湖底地形,对湖区演变分析、综合治理与保护等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

机载激光测深波形分解中LM与EM参数优化方法比较     

郭锴  刘焱雄  徐文学  何秀凤  张子引  刘海涛 《测绘学报》2020,49(1):117-131

受作业环境与扫描条件的影响,机载激光测深全波形数据处理所得的参数分量初值精度通常较低,需采用优化方法在此基础上进一步调整分量参数以提高波形分解精度。本文代表性地选取了非线性阻尼最小二乘方法(Levenberg-Marquardt,LM)和期望最大化方法(expectation-maximization,EM)两种不同的参数优化方案,针对机载激光测深全波形数据的波形分解参数优化问题,结合实测和模拟波形数据对两种优化方法在相同初值条件下的波形模拟精度、扫描条件及其响应,以及水深估计偏差等方面的特征进行了详细的对比分析,着重探讨了两种参数优化方法所得结果的准确度与稳定性,并对其主要技术特征与效果差异进行了总结。  相似文献   

Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

J. J. Becker  D. T. Sandwell  W. H. F. Smith  J. Braud  B. Binder  J. Depner 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):355-371

A new 30-arc second resolution global topography/bathymetry grid (SRTM30_PLUS) has been developed from a wide variety of data sources. Land and ice topography comes from the SRTM30 and ICESat topography, respectively. Ocean bathymetry is based on a new satellite-gravity model where the gravity-to-topography ratio is calibrated using 298 million edited soundings. The main contribution of this study is the compilation and editing of the raw soundings, which come from NOAA, individual scientists, SIO, NGA, JAMSTEC, IFREMER, GEBCO, and NAVOCEANO. The gridded bathymetry is available for ftp download in the same format as the 33 tiles of SRTM30 topography. There are 33 matching tiles of source identification number to convey the provenance of every grid cell. The raw sounding data, converted to a simple common format, are also available for ftp download.  相似文献   

Spreading rate dependence of the axial topography and gravity of the Mid‐Atlantic ridge between 22°N and 38°N     

Yanchang Hu  Philip D. Rabinowitz 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):215-233

A method is developed to quantify the relationship between the ridge axial topography and gravity and the spreading rate along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge between 22 and 38°N. This relationship reflects the variations of slope of the best‐fit line of topography and gravity spectra with the spreading rate of the ridge segments. The slope of the best‐fit line of topography spectrum becomes smaller as the spreading rate increases, indicating that with increasing spreading rate more energy of the ridge axial topography shifts into high‐frequency bands. The spreading rate dependence of the ridge axial topography may be explained by an anomalous thermal structure beneath the ridge. No significant correlation was found between the slope of the best‐fit line of gravity spectrum and the spreading rate in this region. The lack of spreading rate dependence of the ridge axial gravity may be attributable to the isostatic compensation of the spreading center.  相似文献   

Advancements in the U.S. army corps of engineers hydrographic survey capabilities: The SHOALS system     

Jeff Lillycrop  John R. Banic 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2-3):177-185

In an effort to modernize its hydrographic survey capabilities, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has undertaken a joint development program with Canada to construct and field test an operational prototype airborne lidar bathymeter system. The construction and field verification effort of this program began March 1990 with field tests scheduled for winter 1993. The system will be built by Optech, Inc., based on their design of the LARSEN 500, the only commercial lidar system currently producing bathymetric surveys.

The Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system will operate out of a medium‐sized helicopter such as the Bell 212 at approximately 200 meters altitude where the laser scanning system generates a swath width of just over 140 meters. System requirements dictate a laser operating at 200 Hz in both the blue‐green wave length for maximum water depth penetration and the infrared for surface interface recognition. Each laser shot strikes the water surface at a known location where its energy is partially reflected back to the receiver and partially transmitted through the water column. Transmitted energy undergoes scattering and absorption along its path to the bottom where the remaining energy is then reflected back to the receiver.

The Transceiver, Positioning, Acquisition, Control and Display, and Ground Based Data Processing subsystems make up the SHOALS system. These subsystems have been designed, constructed, and currently are being laboratory tested prior to total system integration and field testing. This article presents the system's design and discusses system use following development.  相似文献   

RTM Gravity Forward-Modeling Using Topography/Bathymetry Data to Improve High-Degree Global Geopotential Models in the Coastal Zone     

Christian Hirt 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):183-202

We apply the residual terrain modeling (RTM) technique for gravity forward-modeling to successfully improve high-resolution global gravity fields at short spatial scales in coastal zones. The RTM scheme is combined with the concept of rock-equivalent topography, allowing to use a single uniform constant mass-density in the RTM forward-modeling, both at land and sea. SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry is merged with higher-resolution SRTM V4.1 land topography, and expanded into spherical harmonics to degree 2160, yielding a new and consistent high-degree RTM reference surface. The forward-modeling performance is demonstrated in coastal zones of Greece and Canada using ground-truth vertical deflections, gravity from land and shipborne gravimetry, and geoid heights from GPS/leveling, with improvements originating from bathymetry clearly identified. We demonstrate that the SRTM30_PLUS bathymetry carries information on gravity field structures at spatial scales less than 5 arc minutes, which can be used to augment EGM2008 in (rugged) coastal zones, both over land and marine areas. This may be of value (i) to partially reduce the signal omission error in EGM2008/GOCE-based height transfer in areas devoid of dense gravity data, (ii) to fill the gap between land gravity and shipborne gravity along rugged coastlines, and (iii) for the development of next-generation altimetric gravity fields.  相似文献   

Relevance of Bathymetry for Tsunami Run‐up Modeling     

Z. Kowalik  T. S. Murty 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):273-283

Abstract

Marine positioning is relevant for several aspects of tsunami research, observation, and prediction. These include accurate positioning of instruments on the ocean bottom for determining the deep‐water signature of the tsunami, seismic observational setups to measure the earthquake parameters, equipment to determine the tsunami characteristics during the propagation phase, and instruments to map the vertical uplift and subsidence that occurs during a dip‐slip earthquake.

In the accurate calculation of coastal tsunami run‐up through numerical models, accurate bathymetry is needed, not only near the coast (for tsunami run‐up) but also in the deep ocean (for tsunami generation and propagation). If the bathymetry is wrong in the source region, errors will accumulate and will render the numerical calculations inaccurate. Without correct and detailed run‐up values on the various coastlines, tsunami prediction for actual events will lead to false alarms and loss of public confidence.  相似文献   

Optimal estimation of ship's attitudes for beampattern corrections in a coaxial circular array     

Bishwajit Chakraborty  Kamal K. Dey 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):223-236

A study is conducted to estimate the accurate attitude of a ship's motion and the estimation is used to arrive at the corrections required for a farfield pattern of a coaxial circular array. The relevant analytical expression is developed for the computation of moving average filter weights to estimate the ship's attitude for beamsteerings at different sea conditions. Farfield patterns are presented for different steered directions for the coaxial circular array of the additive type, and the multiplicative array technique is also used for beamsteering for higher steering angles to observe its control on the sidelobes as well as for the main beamwidths. In order to introduce an adaptive filter to estimate the accurate attitude for stable sonar platform, an adaptive parameter is examined for bathymetric applications where nonstationary ship movement prevails.  相似文献   

1989 Exclusive economic zone symposium: Summary and recommendations     

Millington Lockwood  Gary W. Hill 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):347-350

Abstract

The fourth in a series of biennial national Exclusive Economic Zone symposia was held on November 14–16, 1989. The purpose of the meeting was to examine ongoing and planned mapping and research activities in the ocean waters of the United States. Approximately 220 individuals attended the meeting. Issues discussed related to digital seafloor mapping projects, cooperative federal‐state programs, and requirements for additional data and information. Symposium recommendations included the need for increased surveying in coastal waters, development of standards for digital data dissemination, increased coordination with coastal states and federal agencies, and additional geophysical measurement systems abroad all mapping ships.  相似文献   

无人船近海水深测量与抗风浪能力评估北大核心CSCD     

曹豹杰  高志强  尚伟涛 《测绘通报》2022,(10):68-70

传统载人测量船吃水深,无法进行浅海水深测量,因此吃水极浅的无人船为近海水深测量提供了新途径。本文利用无人船无验潮测深与GNSS网络RTK技术,在不同的风浪条件下进行了近海水深测量试验;并从轨迹跟踪与水深测量精度方面,定量评估了无人船野外作业的抗风浪能力。结果表明:0~0.3 m浪、0~2级风是无人船近海测量作业的理想风浪阈值;风浪过大会导致无人船路径跟踪精度较低,难以保证测量成果质量。在理想的风浪阈值内,无人船无验潮测深技术能实现近海水深的高精度测量,满足相关测深规范要求,在近海水深与海底地形测量中具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献