Distribution and origin of biologically available phosphorus in the water of the Meiliang Bay in summer   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

HUANG Qinghui  WANG Zijian  WANG Donghong  MA Mei  WANG Chunxia 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

The investigation and continuous monitoring with an innovative iron oxide embedded cellulose acetate membrane (FeO/CAM) on the concentrations of biologically available phosphorus (BAP) were conducted in the Meiliang Bay of the Taihu Lake during summer in 2004. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved (FeO-DP), particulate (FeO-PP) and total bioavailable phosphorus (FeO-P) had similar horizontal distribution. The BAP concentrations were the highest in those estuaries in the northern bay. With the decrease of the distance to the estuary or long shore, there was little difference between BAP concentrations in an open lake area. During the observation period, algal blooms occurred in most waters of the northern bay, which was reflected from the high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). While they were not highest in the estuarine waters of those major rivers, this is the case for the BAP concentrations. The concentrations of Chl-a had a significantly positive correlation with those of bioavailable phosphorus in the open area of the Meiliang Bay. With the sediment resuspension induced by wind and wave, BAP concentrations increased in a short-term, indicating that the riverine P inputs mainly contribute to the concentrations of BAP in the estuarine water while internal P release was the major source of BAP in the open lake area. In the eutrophic shallow lake, the blooms of alga may cause pH increase and further result in internal P release. The above results showed that the new membrane of FeO/CAM can be used to monitor the concentrations of BAP and provide the scientific justifications for the control strategy of the lake eu-trophication.  相似文献   

柱撑蒙脱石改性磷铵及其增效机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯新  宋波  吴平霄  廖宗文 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(4):238-241

本通过Keggin离子制备了柱撑蒙脱石，并对其进行了酸化处理。盆栽试验研究表明，利用柱撑蒙脱石和酸化柱撑蒙脱石对磷酸二铵进行改性试验处理，生物量显高于磷铵对照，氮素和磷素利用率显提高。X射线衍射技术和红外光谱对改性磷铵进行结构研究表明，其晶体结构发生了较大的变化，这种变化减少了氮的损失和磷在土壤中的固定，从而提高磷铵氮磷的生物有效性。  相似文献   

铅锌矿区地表环境中重金属元素的时空动态变化及生物有效性探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

符志友杨元根  吴丰昌闭向阳 金志升 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(1):89-97

综述了近十年来国内外有关铅锌矿区重金属污染的一些研究进展。近十年来,国内外对铅锌矿山开发引起的重金属在土壤、植物、水和大气系统中的分布、形态、累积、迁移及转化机理等进行了广泛深入的研究,本文着重总结和探讨了铅锌矿区重金属的时空分布特征、生物有效性及其影响因素和机制等方面,以期能对这些方面有一个较为系统深入的理解并提出一些建设性意见。  相似文献   

Selection of better extractants to indicate Pb bioavailability in lead-contaminated agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province     

ZENG Lusheng  LIAO Min CHEN Chengli HUANG Changyong 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):407-413

The accumulation of Pb in the food chain is one of the great concerns as it can cause chronic health problems and the available Pb is easily absorbed by crops. To shed light on Pb bioavailability in lead-contaminated agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, a series of plant growth experiments were performed in a greenhouse to select more suitable extractants from five commonly used extractants (0.1 M HCl, 1 M NH4OAc, 0.1 M CaCl2, DTPA-TEA and Mehlich 3). The results showed that 1 M NH4OAc can extract Pb best, indicating the Pb bioavailability, then, DTPA-TEA and 0.1 M HCl in the tested soils. In case 1 M NH4OAc was used as an extractant, the critical Pb concentrations in soils were 50.19 mg/kg, 21.16 mg/kg and 114.00 mg/kg (1 M NH4OAc extracted Pb) in silty loam, yellowish-red soil and purplish soil, respectively. When the values exceed the above ones, the contents of Pb in Chinese cabbage leaves will exceed the Chinese Tolerance Limit of Lead in Foods (GB14935-94), as a result, potential ecological risk and hazard to human health via the food chain will appear.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability in the concentration and speciation of metals in suspended sediment transported by the River Aire,Yorkshire, UK     

Julie Carter  Desmond E. Walling  Philip N. Owens  Graham J. L. Leeks 《水文研究》2006,20(14):3007-3027

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the important role of fine sediment in the transport and storage of metals in fluvial systems. However, there has been little research on the behaviour of contaminated sediment in industrial rivers in the UK. This paper examines spatial and temporal variations in the concentration and speciation of lead, copper and chromium associated with suspended sediment in the River Aire in Yorkshire, UK. An increase in the total concentration of all three metals in sediment was identified in the lower reaches, which reflected inputs of road dust, sewage and industrial effluents. Spatial variations in the chemical speciation of the metals were also identified. The iron–manganese oxides and organic fractions were the most significant for the adsorption of metals by sediment. Both the concentrations and speciation of sediment‐associated metals exhibited substantial temporal variation. Such variation reflected the accumulation of metals and organic matter on the river‐bed during low flows, the subsequent remobilization of the sediment at high flows and the additional supply of sediment from uncontaminated and contaminated sources, including pulse inputs of road dust, sewage and industrial effluent. The findings presented have important implications for the development of effective catchment management strategies for the control of point‐ and diffuse‐source pollution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

应用毒性淋溶提取法评价天津市某工业用地及周围农田土壤中重金属生态风险     

王静  吴宇峰  王斌  张磊  王鑫  赵一 《岩矿测试》2015,34(4):464-470

毒性淋溶提取法(TCLP)是美国法定的一种生态环境风险评价方法,通过提取土壤中的重金属有效态判断土壤重金属污染状况和评估污染区域生态风险。本文应用TCLP法提取天津市某工业园区内及周围农田土壤中的有效态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和原子吸收光谱法分别测定重金属全量和有效态,结合单项污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价了重金属生态风险。结果表明:研究区Zn是首要污染物,主要来源于镀锌厂、金属制品厂和电镀厂,其次是Pb和Cu污染,Cd无污染;Pb、Zn可能具有同源性或伴生关系;大部分土壤处于安全水平,重金属污染率不到30%,但农田土壤出现了Zn的轻度污染。重金属全量是影响重金属有效态含量较大的因素,当Zn全量大于环境质量标准限值(300 mg/kg),Pb全量大于80mg/kg时,有效态Zn、Pb与其全量均呈正相关。因此,可以使用TCLP法将土壤重金属全量与有效态进行量化评价重金属生态风险。  相似文献   

Fractions and Bioavailability of Soil Inorganic Phosphorus in the Loess Plateau of China under Different Vegetations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WEI Xiaorong  SHAO Mingan  SHAO Hongbo  GAO Jianlun  XU Gang 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(1):263-270

Plants play an important role in soil phosphorus nutrition. However, the effect of plants on phosphorus nutrition in soils of the Loess Plateau of China is not well understood. This study was conducted to reveal the relationships between plants and phosphorus’ fractions and availability in the Loess Plateau of China. Twenty-two plant communities were surveyed and soil samples under different plant canopies were collected for the determination of soil properties and inorganic phosphorus fractionation. The results showed that Leguminosae and Lilaceae reduced pH and increased organic matter, cation exchange capacity, total and Olsen phosphorus in soils under their canopies, while Labiatae and Rosaceae increased pH and decreased organic matter, cation exchange capacity, total and Olsen phosphorus in soils under their canopies. The contents of Ca2P, Ca8P, Al-P and Fe-P were highly related with soil Olsen phosphorus. They were all higher in soils under Leguminosae and Lilaceae and lower in soils under Labiatae and Rosaceae. The results of this study indicate that Leguminosae and Lilaceae improved phosphorus nutrition in soils, yet Labiatae and Rosaceae impeded the improvement of phosphorus nutrition in soils under their canopies, which will be of more help to instruct vegetation restoration in the region and provide information for soil development.  相似文献   

Application of sediment-bound heavy metals in studies of estuarine health: a case study of Brisbane Water estuary,New South Wales     

M. A. Olmos  G. F. Birch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):641-654

A case study is presented to assess the use of sedimentary chemical indicators for estuarine health. Reliable and efficient estuarine indicators are essential for management and monitoring purposes. Estuarine and fluvial sediments from Brisbane Water estuary were analysed for heavy metals to assess the quality of sediments and to determine the source and dispersion of contaminants in the estuary. Brisbane Water, 50 km north of Sydney, is a shallow (～5 m in main water body), wave-dominated barrier estuary with a generally sparsely developed catchment, except in the north where it is urbanised and industrialised. Heavy-metal loadings calculated for sub-catchments and the distribution of metals in surficial sediment identified Narara Creek, which drains the urbanised northern part of the catchment, as the main source of contaminants. Vertical profiles of sedimentary contaminants show that contamination continues to increase rapidly in all parts of the waterway to the present day. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in sediment adjacent to Narara Creek exceeded lower guideline levels, although moderate bioavailability (～40% for Cu, Pb and Zn) suggests the risk posed by sediments to benthic populations is low. Sediments in all parts of Brisbane Water show evidence of minor anthropogenic influence with maximum human-induced change (up to 5× enrichment) in the north of the estuary. Results demonstrate the use of sediment-bound heavy metal as an appropriate indicator of estuarine health.  相似文献   

The sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda) as a biomonitor of trace metal bioavailabilities in European coastal waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fialkowski W  Calosi P  Dahlke S  Dietrich A  Moore PG  Olenin S  Persson LE  Smith BD  Spegys M  Rainbow PS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(1):39-44

The amphipod crustacean Talitrus saltator is an established, easily accessible, biomonitor of trace metal bioavailabilities in coastal waters. We have carried out a geographically widespread collection of T. saltator from European shores, stretching from the north-west Atlantic through the Baltic to the Mediterranean. A primary aim of the work was to establish a database of accumulated trace metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in this biomonitor. Statistical analysis has shown significant geographical differences in the bioavailabilities of all the metals, the most distinct being copper, iron and manganese. It has proved possible to identify unusually high accumulated concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in this biomonitor, indicative of high metal bioavailability at a particular site. These may serve as reference points for future biomonitoring programmes seeking to identify metal contamination in coastal waters.  相似文献   

土壤和沉积物中重金属生物可利用性的评估   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

王畅  郭鹏然  陈杭亭  舒永红 《岩矿测试》2009,28(2):108-112

土壤和沉积物中重金属被植物吸收利用可通过单一化学萃取方法评估。几种重金属生物可利用态的萃取方法被用于土壤和沉积物中重金属的提取。根据实验萃取结果和文献报道,对中性盐、弱酸、螯合剂和联合萃取法进行评价,对影响生物可利用态萃取方法的因素进行讨论,并对土壤和沉积物中重金属生物可利用性评价方法的建立和有效统一使用提出建议。  相似文献